Quantum Cryptography in Advanced Networks最新文献

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring in Synchronization Channel of Quantum Key Distribution Systems with Carrier Modulation Coding","authors":"O. Morozov","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.86365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86365","url":null,"abstract":"The method of quantum key distribution (QKD) with carrier modulation coding (CMC) was proposed in [1, 2] and developed in [3–8]. Its advantages are the ease of input and coordination of the optical phase, the high data transfer rate, the fundamental possibility of frequency multiplexing of the signal, as well as the simplicity of constructing a consistent scheme. The main difference lies in the fact that in the QKD-CMC systems, the quantum signal is not generated directly by the source but is carried to side frequencies as a result of phase, amplitude modulation, or a combination of these. In the latter works, to each state of the photons, instead of the amplitude or phase of the modulating signal at a certain frequency, one or more lateral component frequencies either photon optical carrier [9, 10] are put into line. We in [11–13] present a universal system capable of realizing all the mentioned types of modulation transformation and the new one based on tandem amplitude modulation and phase commutation with partially or full suppressed carrier. Alice and Bob’s synchronization channel provides frequency and phase matching of the modulating signals. The deviation of the phase of the modulating signal from the base position during the re-modulation of the signal spectrum at Bob leads to a change in the radiation power at the side frequencies. A phase setting error, at the same time, reduces the visibility of the interference pattern and increases the level of quantum bit errors in the signal. The values of the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) in the system are also determined by the accuracy of setting the amplitude of the modulating signals of Alice and Bob. The changing ambient temperature and chromatic dispersion (CD), in turn, depending on temperature, introduce an additional time-varying phase delay of the synchronization signal, which leads to a phase mismatch. In [14] it is shown that the correction of the clock phase should be carried out every 2–3 seconds to eliminate the influence of temperature and 2–3 hours to correct the effect of CD. If we take into account that CD itself can change both with a change in the temperature of the fiber and with a change in its configuration, we should speak about the need for its constant monitoring.","PeriodicalId":178147,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Cryptography in Advanced Networks","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117054972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coherence Proprieties of Entangled Bi-Modal Field and Its Application in Holography and Communication","authors":"N. Enaki","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.85857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85857","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the coherence properties of two modes of entangled photons and its application quantum communication and holography. It is proposed novel two-photon entangled sources which take into account the coherence and collective phenomena between the photon belonging to two different modes obtained in two-photon cooperative emission or Raman or lasing. The generation of the correlated bimodal entangled field in two-photon emission or Raman Pump, Stokes and anti-Stokes modes is proposed in the free space and cavity-induced emission. The application two-photon and Raman bimodal coherent field in communication and holography are given in accordance with the definition of amplitude and phase of such entangled states of light. At first, this method does not appear to be essentially different in comparison with the classical coherent state of information processing, but if we send this information in dispersive media, which separates the anti-Stokes and Stokes photons from coherent entanglement fields, the information is drastically destroyed, due to the quantum distribution of photons in the big number modes may be realized in the situation in which the mean value of strength of bimodal field tends to zero. The possibility of restoration of the signal after the propagation of the bimodal field through different fibers, we may restore the common square amplitude and phase.","PeriodicalId":178147,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Cryptography in Advanced Networks","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134512207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) over Software-Defined Optical Networks","authors":"Yongli Zhao, Yuan Cao, Xiaosong Yu, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80450","url":null,"abstract":"Optical network security is attracting increasing research interest. Currently, software-defined optical network (SDON) has been proposed to increase network intelligence (e.g., flexibility and programmability) which is gradually moving toward industrialization. However, a variety of new threats are emerging in SDONs. Data encryption is an effective way to secure communications in SDONs. However, classical key distribution methods based on the mathematical complexity will suffer from increasing computational power and attack algorithms in the near future. Noticeably, quantum key distribution (QKD) is now being considered as a secure mechanism to provision information-theoretically secure secret keys for data encryption, which is a potential technique to protect communications from security attacks in SDONs. This chapter introduces the basic principles and enabling technologies of QKD. Based on the QKD enabling technologies, an architecture of QKD over SDONs is presented. Resource allocation problem is elaborated in detail and is classified into wavelength allocation, time-slot allocation, and secret key allocation problems in QKD over SDONs. Some open issues and challenges such as survivability, cost optimization, and key on demand (KoD) for QKD over SDONs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":178147,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Cryptography in Advanced Networks","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123973308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free-Space-Optical Quantum Key Distribution Systems: Challenges and Trends","authors":"J. López-Leyva, A. Talamantes-Álvarez, M. Ponce-Camacho, Edith Garcia-Cardenas, E. Álvarez-Guzmán","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81032","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, high security levels are required to transmit critical information for government, private and personal sectors. As a countermeasure, the Quantum Key Distribution systems are the best option in order to protect this information because it provides unconditional security. In addition, increasing the transmission distance is a highlight. Therefore, the Free-Space Optical Quantum Key Distribution systems (FSO-QKD) present an innovative way for sharing secure information between two parties located at ground stations, spacecraft or aircraft. However, these scenarios present several challenges regarding the hardware, protocols and techniques used that must be solved in order to enhance the performance parameters (security level, distance link, final secret key rate, among others) for any QKD system; although, in particular, a high transmission performance is required for both the classical and quantum channels. These issues impose the roadmap and trends in the research, academic and manufacturing sectors around the world.","PeriodicalId":178147,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Cryptography in Advanced Networks","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117088105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}