Revista uruguaya de ciencias políticas最新文献

{"title":"CREO: EL ASCENSO Y LOS DESAFÍOS DE CONSOLIDACIÓN DEL PARTIDO POLÍTICO DE DERECHA EMERGENTE EN ECUADOR (2013–2021)","authors":"P. Navia, Sebastián Umpierrez de Reguero","doi":"10.26851/rucp.30.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26851/rucp.30.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo analiza los desafios de ascenso y consolidacion del partido de derecha actualmente mas grande de Ecuador, a nivel nacional, el Movimiento Creando Oportunidades (CREO). Nuestro enfoque se centra en el efecto de las reglas electorales y la organizacion interna de creo. Empleando un analisis de oferta-demanda, discutimos las razones detras de su exito electoral de 2013 a 2021. Describimos su desempeno electoral por tipos de elecciones y genero de candidatos, asi como por provincias y distritos en el extranjero. En general, creo ha surgido y evolucionado en parte opacado por el correismo (antes Movimiento Patria Altiva I Soberana (MPAIS), ahora Revolucion Ciudadana (RC)), pero logro convertirse en un serio competidor electoral nacional desde 2017 y ganar la presidencia en 2021. Despues de las elecciones de abril de 2021, sus principales desafios radican en la dependencia de la figura de Guillermo Lasso y su continuidad como principal partido de derecha en el futuro en el ambito nacional. EnglishThis article analyzes the rise and consolidation challenges of the largest right-wing party in Ecuador at the national level: Movimiento Creando Oportunidades (creo). Our approach focuses on the effect of electoral rules and creo’s internal organization. Employing supply and demand analyses, we discuss the rationale behind its electoral success from 2013 to 2021. Thereafter, we outline creo’s electoral performance per types of elections and candidate gender, as well as by provinces and overseas districts. Overall, creo has emerged and evolved overshadowed by the Movimiento Patria Altiva I Soberana (mpais), particularly from Correism, to become a serious national electoral competitor since 2017 and won the presidential office in 2021. After the latest elections on April 2021, its main challenges stem from the dependence of the figure of Guillermo Lasso and its continuity as main right-wing party in the future.","PeriodicalId":177616,"journal":{"name":"Revista uruguaya de ciencias políticas","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125986118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CASTIGO A LOS OFICIALISMOS Y CICLO POLÍTICO DE DERECHA EN AMÉRICA LATINA","authors":"J. Luna, Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser","doi":"10.26851/rucp.30.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26851/rucp.30.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl articulo presenta una caracterizacion de tres estrategias (no electoral, electoral no partidaria, y partidaria) que la derecha emplea en America Latina actualmente. Analizando el derrotero reciente de los sistemas de partido en la region argumentamos tambien que el denominado giro a la derecha constituye un proceso de alternancia generado por el castigo a los oficialismos de la ultima decada y media (mayoritariamente de izquierda), mas que un realineamiento ideologico estructural. La alternancia se produce, ademas, en un contexto en que tienden a desaparecer o debilitarse significativamente los partidos establecidos, y en el que irrumpen vehiculos electorales usualmente evanescentes. Finalmente, argumentamos que no parece existir hoy espacio en la region -especialmente debido a la crisis social asociada a los efectos de la pandemia del covid-19- para el fortalecimiento de una derecha neoliberal. Sin embargo, el contexto actual si parece propicio para el surgimiento de outsiders de derecha, capaces de estructurar una agenda prorden que incorpore, en distintas proporciones, politicas de mano dura, conservadurismo valorico, y liberalismo de mercado. EnglishThis article presents a characterization of three type of strategies (non-electoral, non-partisan electoral, and partisan) pursued by the right in contemporary Latin America. By analyzing the recent course of the party systems in the region, we also argue that the so-called turn to the right constitutes a process of power alternation generated by the punishment of incumbents of the last decade and a half (mostly on the left), rather than a structural ideological realignment. This alternation in power occurs in a context, in which established parties tend to disappear or become substantially weaker, and in which short-lived electoral vehicles are gaining traction. Finally, we argue that there does not seem to be space in the region today -especially because of the social crisis associated with the effects of the covid-19 pandemic- for the strengthening of a neoliberal right. However, the current context does seem propitious for the emergence of right-wing outsiders, capable of structuring a pro-order agenda that incorporates, in different proportions, ‘iron-hand’ policies, value conservatism, and market liberalism","PeriodicalId":177616,"journal":{"name":"Revista uruguaya de ciencias políticas","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127471043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EL PARTIDO REPUBLICANO: EL PROYECTO POPULISTA DE LA DERECHA RADICAL CHILENA","authors":"C. Campos","doi":"10.26851/rucp.30.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26851/rucp.30.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn la ultima decada las estrategias de adaptacion programatica de la centroderecha chilena se caracterizaron por la paulatina moderacion y convergencia con la centroizquierda, tendencia interrumpida en los ultimos anos, especialmente, desde la revuelta popular de octubre de 2019. Desde fuera de la coalicion, la emergencia del Partido Republicano representa una actualizacion del pensamiento de derecha y una apuesta por la radicalidad en lo economico, lo social y la moral. Considerando voces de militantes de este partido, el presente articulo analiza aspectos ideologicos y simbolicos representativos de una nueva derecha radical populista. Se concluye que este partido renaturaliza temas desplazados por las coaliciones clave del periodo transicional, representando una alternativa para los sectores de derecha que rechazan la moderacion ideologica. EnglishDuring the last decade, the programmatic adaptation strategies of the Chilean right-wing were characterized by a gradual moderation and convergence with the left-wing. In recent years, this trend has been interrupted especially since the popular revolt of October 2019. Outside the center-right coalition, the emergence of Partido Republicano represents an update of the right-wing ideology that pushes for radicalism in economic, moral and social issues. Taking into account voices of leaders of this party, this article analyzes ideological and symbolic aspects, representative of a new radical populist right. This article concludes that this party renaturalizes issues displaced by the coalitions of the transitional period, representing an alternative for right-wing sectors that reject ideological moderation.","PeriodicalId":177616,"journal":{"name":"Revista uruguaya de ciencias políticas","volume":"421 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116047263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(AÚN) LA EXCEPCIÓN Y NO LA REGLA: LA DERECHA POPULISTA RADICAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA","authors":"Lisa Zanotti, Kenneth J. Roberts","doi":"10.26851/rucp.30.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26851/rucp.30.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSin duda, los partidos populistas radicales de derecha (PRR, por sus siglas en ingles) representan la familia de partidos populistas mas numerosa. Sin embargo, en los 18 paises que componen el subcontinente sudamericano solamente dos lideres parecen encarnar de manera rotunda esa ideologia: Jair Bolsonaro en Brasil y Jose Antonio Kast en Chile. El objetivo de este articulo es examinar las razones detras de la escasa proliferacion de los prr en America Latina. En Europa occidental la emergencia de estos partidos se relaciona con una suerte de contrarrevolucion silenciosa (Inglehart 1971; Ignazi 1992) en oposicion a los valores posmateriales sobre los que muchos partidos tradicionales han convergido en decadas pasadas. Por el contrario, en America Latina los valores materiales son todavia de vital importancia debido a los altos niveles de desigualdad en la region. Ademas, en el articulo se demuestra que el unico caso en el que un lider populista radical de derecha ha logrado conquistar el gobierno ha sido por la ocurrencia simultanea de tres factores que combinan la experiencia europea y las caracteristicas del continente. Primero, la existencia de un discurso que politiza cuestiones como la seguridad y los valores tradicionales. En segundo lugar, el discurso nativista, que a diferencia de la mayoria de los partidos PRR en Europa occidental y EE. UU.-donde los excluidos son los inmigrantes-, se caracteriza por el hecho de que la discriminacion es primero en contra de los pueblos nativos. Finalmente, la tercera caracteristica es la construccion del apoyo sobre una identidad negativa en contra de la izquierda. EnglishUndoubtedly, populist radical right parties (PRR) represent the largest family of populist parties. However, in the 18 countries that make up the South American subcontinent, only two leaders seem to fully embody this ideology: Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil and Jose Antonio Kast in Chile. The aim of this article is to examine the reasons behind the scarce proliferation of PRRs in Latin America. In Western Europe the emergence of these parties is related to a sort of silent counter-revolution (Inglehart 1971; Ignazi 1992) in opposition to post-material values on which many traditional parties have converged in past decades. In contrast, in Latin America material values are still of vital importance due to the high levels of inequality in the region. Moreover, the article demonstrates that the simultaneous occurrence of three factors that combine the European experience and characteristics of the continent was the only reason one radical right-wing populist leader has been able to successfully rise to power in Latin America until today. First, the existence of a discourse that politicizes issues such as security and traditional values. Second, the nativist discourse, which unlike most PRR parties in Western Europe and the US -where the excluded are immigrants- is characterized by the fact that discrimination is mostly against native peop","PeriodicalId":177616,"journal":{"name":"Revista uruguaya de ciencias políticas","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121357982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}