Roha Ahmed Choudhary, L. Madhan, R. Mani, I. Moses
{"title":"Empirical pharmacotherapy of COVID-19","authors":"Roha Ahmed Choudhary, L. Madhan, R. Mani, I. Moses","doi":"10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.021","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers are studying several types of drugs to treat the novel coronavirus or COVID-19 that has spread to over 200 countries, taking a massive human toll of nearly 2.6 lakh as of Wednesday morning. About 37 lakh positive cases have been identified, including almost 50,000 cases in India. Most drugs being worked upon are repurposed and are largely anti-viral drugs used previously to treat other conditions. For instance, Favipiravir, or Avigan was used to treat influenza in Japan. Likewise, Remdesivir was tested on Ebola. Another treatment, while not a drug, that has shown promise is plasma therapy. The method uses convalescent plasma which is extracted from the blood of recovered COVID-19 patients. This plasma contains antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2.Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine have not been shown to be safe and effective for treating or preventing COVID-19. They are being studied in clinical trials for COVID-19, and temporary use during the COVID-19 pandemic for treatment of the virus in hospitalized patients\u0000\u0000Keywords: Empirical Pharmacotherapy, COVID-19, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Chloroquine.","PeriodicalId":174624,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Special Issue","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123219179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Status of hydroxychloroquine: COVID disease management protocol","authors":"S. Jha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.017","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxychloroquine, a safe derivative of chloroquine has been in practice since 1950. This drug has been used successfully as anti-viral agent previously. Its role in COVID-2 has been authenticated in the management protocol. The sudden death assigned to hydroxychloroquine is misplaced though it can be a very uncommon complication in cardiac patients with arrhythmia. Its prophylactic and therapeutic dose schedule needs to be streamlined at a lower dose schedule and is recommended to be used in early part of the disease and not during the stage of later complication. \u0000\u0000Keywords: Hydroxychloroquine, Arrhythmia, Pathogen, Host target cell, ACE-2, Intracellular.","PeriodicalId":174624,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Special Issue","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114479441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can ivermectin be used to treat SARS-COVID-2?","authors":"S. Jha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.019","url":null,"abstract":"Ivermectin, one of the “wonder drugs” manufactured totally in Japan is another wonder drug and easily available all over the world for its anti-parasitic property. Single dose removing the viral RNA within 48 hours is an epoch making in vitro finding in Australia. Intracellular transport of the virus in the target host cell is blocked and multiplication of the virus is stopped, thus aborting infection. Patna dose recommendation has been advocated for both prevention and treatment of SARS-COVID-19 with definite claim that it will have no side effects. Keywords: Cargo transporter, Viricidal, wonder drug, Viral RNA, Filariasis, Round worm, River blindness.","PeriodicalId":174624,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Special Issue","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133778150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COVID-19: A ‘Violent’ pandemic for health care workers in India","authors":"G. M, Seshadri Ln","doi":"10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.023","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and Objectives: This study aims at detailed analysis of various incidents of violence to doctors during the time of COVID 19 pandemic all over India.\u0000\u0000Study Design: Cross sectional study.\u0000\u0000Study Duration: 3 months, First Patient of COVID 19 Pandemic reported in India to the Presidential Assent to The Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020 -30 January, 2020 to 23 April, 2020.\u0000\u0000Inclusion Criteria: All Incidents of violence against health care workers in India reported by English media (print and online). \u0000\u0000Exclusion: Incidents of violence against health care workers in India reported by testimonies, hearsay, social media, organisations/ associations/professional bodies, feedback/complaints, government reports.\u0000\u0000Results: There were 49 incidents of violence after the COVID-19 pandemic and related to it. Majority of the incidents were in South India. The urban areas had more incidents about 88%. The violence happened mainly in community 67%. The health care team were the overall target of the violence which included doctors, nurses, nursing attenders and others including ambulance drivers. Doctors were targeted in majority (33%) and the team (33%) were affected in the violence. The incidents included verbal, physical, psychological, social and sexual violence. The majority were verbal (60%) and physical (50%) violence. The majority were the mob or community who were involved in the violence.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The violence against doctors and other health workers is not uncommon, the incidence seems high and unprecedent in India during this COVID -19 pandemic. . It should also be confirmed that violence against doctors and health care workers is strongly dealt with to serve as a deterrent and reassure the medical fraternity.\u0000\u0000Keywords: COVID-19, Doctors, Violence.","PeriodicalId":174624,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Special Issue","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129513118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human immuno-suppression therapy in SARS-CoV-2","authors":"S. Jha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.016","url":null,"abstract":"The innate and adaptive immune systems are two interdependent bandwidths of immunity advanced during evolution process. Protection from foreign pathogens is the central theme of defense mechanism. Components of the immune system are well laid orchestra for keeping the immune system on alert. Robust host defense and cytokine storms are the key areas requiring attention with finality with introduction of IL-6 inhibitors or small molecules.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Immune system, T cells and B cells, Innate, Adaptive, Cytokine, Lymphatic system.","PeriodicalId":174624,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Special Issue","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114636432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journey of virus to SARS-CoV-2: structural – Pathodynamic correlation","authors":"S. Jha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.020","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses, though non-living particle, are real physical entities. Amongst various classifications, the Baltimore’s one (by Nobel Laureate Mr. Baltimore) places the virus in one of the seven groups. Basically, the nucleic acid composition classifies them into DNA or RNA virus. Strandedness-single or double, absence of envelope are two key components further details out the virus. \u0000\u0000Apart from ACE-2, TMPRSS also is important on the surface of the target host cell for entry of the virus. Human to human transmission is confirmed. All coronaviruses possess a fat envelope. “Wash your hands” is the buzz word.\u0000\u0000Keyword: SARS-CoV-2, ACE-2, TMPRSS-2, Viral envelope, Viral protein, Nucleic acid.","PeriodicalId":174624,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Special Issue","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134218790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ether therapy in SARS-CoV-2: Prophylactic, therapeutic and mass elimination","authors":"S. Jha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2020.022","url":null,"abstract":"No speci?c therapeutic drug has been found. In the absence of any specific therapy and non-availability of vaccine, anaesthetic ether (diethyl ether) is recommended to be used as a prophylactic and therapeutic intervention in the management of COVID-19 disease. Strong evidence based property of ether as lipid solvent has provided the impetus for this approach. The lipid content of the outer envelope of the virus is the weak-link to get dissolved ether and thus leading to disintegration of the single-stranded RNA. The viruses present inside the blood stream are bound to be killed by the presence of ether in the blood circulation. \u0000\u0000Keywords: Lipid bilayer, Lipid solvent, Oxygenation, Recreational, Halothane, Ether.","PeriodicalId":174624,"journal":{"name":"COVID-19 Special Issue","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127686677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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