Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire?最新文献

The End of the Retirement “Age”: How the New World of Work Is Transforming the Old World of Retirement 退休“时代”的终结:新的工作世界如何改变旧的退休世界

Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire? Pub Date : 2020-06-17 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92273

V. Sheen

引用次数: 1

Alternatives to Serve the Interests of Russian Pensioners 为俄罗斯退休人员的利益服务的选择

Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire? Pub Date : 2020-04-24 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92163

E. .. Kulikova

{"title":"Alternatives to Serve the Interests of Russian Pensioners","authors":"E. .. Kulikova","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92163","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the analysis of statistical data on the Russian labor market, employment and wages, as well as the specific features of the Russian pension system, provide the basis for several important conclusions. Firstly, the living standards of the majority of Russian pensioners do not meet their needs as the Russian pension system is focused on the achievement of minimum living standards. Secondly, the regulation on the functioning of the pension system established by Russian legislation is often violated by the regulators without coordination with economic entities and citizens, participants of the pension system, which prevents future pensioners from feeling protected upon retirement. For this reason, citizens of the retirement age do not seek to retire even when they reach the retirement age. The growth rate of working pensioners (who pay taxes, including insurance deductions to the Pension Fund of Russia and private pension funds) confirms this. Thirdly, there is a need to create a socially-comfortable environment for pensioners, to counteract the psychological problems of older people their sense of “uselessness” to society. The article proposes practical measures to mitigate the negative phenomena in the pension provision of Russian citizens.","PeriodicalId":173324,"journal":{"name":"Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire?","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121676220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Age Pension Means Tests: Contorting Australian Retirement 养老金收入调查:扭曲澳大利亚人的退休生活

Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire? Pub Date : 2020-04-08 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91856

A. Asher, J. Ravin

{"title":"The Age Pension Means Tests: Contorting Australian Retirement","authors":"A. Asher, J. Ravin","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91856","url":null,"abstract":"Most Australian retirees are likely to be subject to the Age Pension assets or income test at some point. Evidence is that many retirees adapt their consumption to increase Age Pension entitlements, but long-term implications are difficult to determine—even if the current rules were to remain in place. This chapter evaluates the current approach to means testing against the principles set out in a Department of Social Services discussion paper on this topic. We evaluate the implied “effective marginal tax rates” (EMTRs) on the assets of part pensioners who are subject to the assets test. We find that depending on a variety of parameters such as assumed future earnings rates, demographic status, drawdown strategy and the base level of assets held, the EMTRs are high enough to explain material distortions to savings decisions of those still in employment, and the spending and investment decisions of retirees. Optimal decisions in this context require contorted retirement strategies that do not appear to be in anyone’s interest. Some possible remedies are suggested, which should include incorporating the value of the principal residence within the assets test. The chapter therefore illustrates the application of principled analysis to policy issues of this sort.","PeriodicalId":173324,"journal":{"name":"Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire?","volume":" 44","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132094479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Called to Plan: Changing Patterns and Perceptions of Retirement for Australian and New Zealand Faith-Based Ministers 呼吁规划:澳大利亚和新西兰宗教牧师退休的变化模式和观念

Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire? Pub Date : 2020-03-30 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91901

Bernadene Erasmus, P. Morey

{"title":"Called to Plan: Changing Patterns and Perceptions of Retirement for Australian and New Zealand Faith-Based Ministers","authors":"Bernadene Erasmus, P. Morey","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91901","url":null,"abstract":"The rising tide of aging citizens globally suggests a compelling argument for increasing understanding of factors impacting retirement. Factors such as health and finance have been identified as principal, but these results generally apply to homogenous groups with little reference to the impact of culture and tradition. This study adopted an ex post-facto, cross-sectional, self-reporting survey from working faith-based ministers in Australia and New Zealand to ascertain personal and professional factors affecting retirement perception in specific context including results for age-related differences. Results from four areas of foci show participants generally regarded retirement as a positive season. They were, however, less confident about their preparedness and mostly dissatisfied with the level of planning for retirement. Significant differences were noted in age-related groups with health and financial considerations constituting the primary differences. Increased understanding of changing patterns and perceptions for specific groups including age differences, potentially aids the response of state and society to the ageing phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":173324,"journal":{"name":"Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire?","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132539306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Addressing the Pension Decumulation Phase of Employee Retirement Planning 解决员工退休计划的养老金累积阶段问题

Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire? Pub Date : 2020-02-06 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90807

J. Bravo

{"title":"Addressing the Pension Decumulation Phase of Employee Retirement Planning","authors":"J. Bravo","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90807","url":null,"abstract":"Longevity increases and population ageing create challenges for all societal institutions, particularly those providing retirement income, healthcare, and long-term care services. At the individual level, an obvious question is how to ensure all retirees have an adequate, secure, stable, and predictable lifelong income stream that will allow them to maintain a target standard of living for, however, long the individual lives. In this chapter, we review and discuss the main pension decumulation options by explicitly modelling consumers’ behaviour and objectives though an objective function based on utility theory accounting for consumption and bequest motives and different risk preferences. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation approach calibrated to US financial market and mortality data, our results suggest that purchasing a capped participating longevity-linked life annuity at retirement including embedded longevity and financial options that allow the annuity provider to periodically revise annuity payments if observed survivorship and portfolio outcomes deviate from expected (or guaranteed) values at contract initiation deliver superior welfare results when compared with classical annuitization and non-annuitization decumulation strategies.","PeriodicalId":173324,"journal":{"name":"Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire?","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125285728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Pathways to Retirement in Taiwan: Do Ethnicity and Cohort Matter? 台湾的退休之路:族群与族群有关系吗?

Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire? Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/GERONI/IGY023.1174

F. Huang, M. Ardelt

{"title":"Pathways to Retirement in Taiwan: Do Ethnicity and Cohort Matter?","authors":"F. Huang, M. Ardelt","doi":"10.1093/GERONI/IGY023.1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/GERONI/IGY023.1174","url":null,"abstract":"Studies about retirement often neglect ethnic identity. This research utilized the “Taiwan Longitudinal Study in Aging” data from 1989 to 1996 when political and social changes in the country occurred to examine the influence of ethnicity (dominant Mainlanders versus Southern Min, Hakka, and various indigenous people) on Taiwanese men’s working status at age 60 and above. We asked three questions: (1) Are Mainlanders more likely to retire earlier than non-Mainlanders? (2) Does working in the public versus the private sector affect the age of retirement and does this differ by ethnicity? (3)What factors determine retirement ages of two cohorts? Using chi-square and t-tests, results of a comparison of two cohorts (n = 1254 and n = 526 for the 1989 and 1996 cohorts, respectively) showed that being a Mainlander, being unmarried, older age, self-reported poor health, and functional limitation were associated with a higher likelihood of earlier retirement. In logistic regression models, public sector work mediated and moderated the effect of ethnicity on the likelihood of earlier retirement only in the older cohort, where Mainlander public sector workers had the greatest likelihood of earlier retirement, indicating that the incentive structure of public pensions contributes to earlier retirement. The results are consistent with cumulative advantage theory. To delay the retirement age for public sector workers, policymakers could reduce public pension incentives.","PeriodicalId":173324,"journal":{"name":"Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire?","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116841763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0