Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Nomenclature of the Larger Toothed Whales (Odontocetes): A Historical Review","authors":"T. Jefferson, J. Mead, C. Kinze","doi":"10.5479/si.21954029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5479/si.21954029","url":null,"abstract":"More than 100 species of large odontocete cetaceans (i.e., families Ziphiidae, Physeteridae, and Kogiidae) have been described since our binomial nomenclatorial system was initiated by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Only a fraction of these are currently recognized as valid species. The taxonomic revisions that are being recommended by recent and ongoing studies within this group require a detailed understanding of their nomenclatural history. We here review all 114 nominal species of extant beaked and sperm whales. Of these, 27 species are currently considered valid, 6 are nomina dubia, 10 are nomina nuda, and the rest (71) are junior synonyms. In addition, we provide several appendices that attempt to settle the controversy over the name of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), provide biographies of the main authors of names, give a glossary of terms, and summarize information on the status of type specimens. Because beaked whales are still so poorly known, there are likely to be future splits and descriptions of new species and/or subspecies. This paper is intended to assist in sorting out nomenclature in such taxonomic cases.","PeriodicalId":170933,"journal":{"name":"Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128402665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete Type Catalog of Trombiculidae sensu lato (Acari: Trombidiformes) of the U.S. National Entomology Collection, Smithsonian Institution","authors":"R. Bassini-Silva, F. Jacinavicius, C. Welbourn, D. Barros-Battesti, R. Ochoa","doi":"10.5479/SI.13546616.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5479/SI.13546616.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Mites in the family Trombiculidae sensu lato are parasites of terrestrial vertebrates, even humans, in their larval stage. There are more than 3,700 species of chiggers, and about one-third of these species are represented by type specimens in the Smithsonian Institution’s United States National Museum Entomology Collection. Here we provide a catalog of all primary and secondary type specimens of chiggers (holotype, paratype, syntype, lectotype, and paralectotype) housed in the collection. Listed herein are 1,026 type specimens with 645 representing holotypes, 782 paratypes, 69 syntypes, 19 lectotypes, and 16 paralectotypes of larvae, deutonymphs, and adult chiggers. \u0000","PeriodicalId":170933,"journal":{"name":"Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122289140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity in Pacific Slender-Toed Geckos, Nactus pelagicus Complex (Reptilia: Squamata), of New Guinea and Adjacent Islands","authors":"G. Zug","doi":"10.5479/si.13091285.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5479/si.13091285.v1","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity within the genus Nactus is slight in comparison to the other Australasian genus of narrow-toed geckos (Cyrtodactylus). The latter now has more than 290 species, with over half of these species newly\u0000described in the twenty-first century. In contrast, prior to this study, 12 Nactus species were recognized formally in the recent herpetological literature: three species in the Mascarene Islands, two in the Pacific Islands, three in Australia, and\u0000six in New Guinea and associated island groups. Three of these New Guinea species are miniature (snout–vent length ≤ 40 mm) species, and three are in the pelagicus complex; with the exception of the recently described N. kunan, all other\u0000New Guinean populations were labeled N. pelagicus even though they were known to be bisexual species and differed from the unisexual N. pelagicus of Oceania. Considering only bisexual New Guinean “pelagicus,” my morphological analyses\u0000recognize 24 distinct populations for which I provide new names or resurrected species names from synonymies. Of these 24, two species are extralimital (Morotai and Kei Islands). The sampling of Nactus in Indonesia Papua is very poor, with\u0000only one specimen from the base of the Vogelkop, two from south coast drainages, and more than a dozen from islands from the east coast of Cenderawasih Bay; the remainder derive from Papua New Guinea (PNG). The Indonesia Papua\u0000populations represent four species, two of which are shared with PNG. Papua New Guinea thus has a total of 20 species, varying from widespread species (e.g., north coast of main Papua to the Sepik-Ramu area) to a single locality in Madang\u0000or single islands in the Louisiade Archipelago. Most distributions of the PNG species match at least one other PNG anuran or reptile species. The greatest diversity of PNG species occurs in Madang Province to Huon Peninsula and the Milne Bay\u0000mainland with sympatry in both areas. The “pelagicus complex” of species is herein confirmed to be polyphyletic. In spite of its use in this study, its subsequent use should be restricted to the unisexual species and their parental species, of which\u0000only one (N. multicarinatus) is known. The preceding represents a subgroup within the larger clade of Australian and New Guinean bisexual species. For the present, I do not recommend a name for this group because a molecular phylogenetic\u0000analysis will be required to identify the cladogenesis of the Nactus species.","PeriodicalId":170933,"journal":{"name":"Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123796377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American Recent Eulipotyphla: Nesophontids, Solenodons, Moles, and Shrews in the New World","authors":"N. Woodman","doi":"10.5479/si.1943-6696.650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5479/si.1943-6696.650","url":null,"abstract":"The mammalian taxonomic order Eulipotyphla comprises the living families Erinaceidae (gymnures, hedgehogs, and moonrats), Solenodontidae (solenodons), Soricidae (shrews), and Talpidae (desmans and moles), as well as the recently extinct Nesophontidae (nesophontids). Morphological and molecular studies continue to alter our view of relationships within and among these families, and this research has added considerably to our understanding of the diversity, distributions, and relationships of many of the New World (i.e., North and South America and associated islands) species that comprise them. Currently, there are more than 450 recognized living species worldwide, making the Eulipotyphla the third most speciose order of mammals. This work summarizes the taxonomic results of recent studies, provide a guide to the most appropriate current applications of New World taxonomic names and their synonyms, and indicate current understanding of their distributions. The eulipotyphlans of this region currently include 111 recognized species of shrews, seven species of moles, and both living species of solenodons.","PeriodicalId":170933,"journal":{"name":"Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125531613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Revision of the Family Adelidae of the Western Hemisphere (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea)","authors":"D. Davis, M. Medeiros","doi":"10.5479/si.23817864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5479/si.23817864","url":null,"abstract":"The systematics, morphology, and distributions are reviewed for the New World Adelidae. Four genera (Ceromitia, 51 species; Nemophora, 1 species; Adela, 19 species; Cauchas, 16 species) are currently recognized for North, Central, and South America. Keys to all New World genera and species are provided, as are diagnoses, illustrations, and distributional data. The following species are described as new: Adela atrata, Adela austrina, Adela powelli, Adela stenoptera, Adela striata, Cauchas alaskae, Cauchas clarkei, Cauchas elongata, Cauchas excavata, Cauchas lobata, Cauchas recurvata, Cauchas spinulosa, Cauchas suffusa, Cauchas trifascia, Cauchas vittata, Cauchas wielgusi, Ceromitia aphyoda, Ceromitia barilochensis, Ceromitia beckeri, Ceromitia bicornuta, Ceromitia braziliensis, Ceromitia brevipectinella, Ceromitia capitanea, Ceromitia cerastia, Ceromitia concava, Ceromitia convexa, Ceromitia costaricaensis, Ceromitia elongata, Ceromitia exserta, Ceromitia fasciata, Ceromitia flagellata, Ceromitia furcata, Ceromitia fuscata, Ceromitia inaequalis, Ceromitia karsholti, Ceromitia latapicula, Ceromitia laticlavia, Ceromitia latibasis, Ceromitia latijuxta, Ceromitia lobata, Ceromitia nielseni, Ceromitia nigrifasciata, Ceromitia ovata, Ceromitia pachyphalla, Ceromitia pallidofascia, Ceromitia paraguayensis, Ceromitia parvipectena, Ceromitia petila, Ceromitia sinuata, Ceromitia truncata, Ceromitia unicornuta, and Ceromitia unipectinella. The known world fauna of the monotrysian family Adelidae previously consisted of approximately five genera and 294 species (Nieukerken et al. 2011), occurring in all major geographical regions except Antarctica and New Zealand. Prior to this study, four of these genera, Adela (14 species), Cauchas (5 species), Ceromitia (15 species), and Nemophora (1 species), were known to occur in North and South America, totaling slightly less than 12% of the global diversity of the family. In this study, we are reporting 52 new species, most of which are (36 species) within the large pantropical genus Ceromitia. Additionally, we present gene trees for Adela, Cauchas, Ceromitia, and Nemophora and discuss their phylogenetic relationships.","PeriodicalId":170933,"journal":{"name":"Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125510381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}