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Note on Neurofeedback of Patients of Insomnia 失眠症患者的神经反馈注
Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/nnoaj-16000168
Yegnanarayanan Venkataraman
{"title":"Note on Neurofeedback of Patients of Insomnia","authors":"Yegnanarayanan Venkataraman","doi":"10.23880/nnoaj-16000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000168","url":null,"abstract":"FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) is meant for measuring the blood oxygenation level based signal in the brain. It is a quantity that comes from various physiological and biophysical sources and denotes to neural activity a vascular coupling. FMRI has particular preference over other neuroimaging non-invasive methods like electroencephalographic recordings (EEG). rtfMRI, (real time fmri) is a process that adopts functional counsel from a MRI scanner where the fMRI keep runs to data acquisition. Currently, rtfMRI is applied to intraoperative surgical guidance, brain–computer interfaces , and neurofeedback. Insomnia is a disorder in sleep that constantly affects several crores of people worldwide. People with insomnia finds it hard to go to asleep or remain asleep. Using rest-state functional connectivity depending on variations in certain regions of interest in brain one can examine connectivity alterations on patients of insomnia.. In this paper, we have reported on the findings of Huan Zhang et al’s approach concerning rt-fMRI (real-time functional magnetic resonance neurofeedback) therapy for training for patients of insomnia.","PeriodicalId":169205,"journal":{"name":"Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114343794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Evolving Profile of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in the Far Ouest of Algeria 阿尔及利亚远西部地区脑静脉血栓形成的流行病学、临床特征和演变概况
Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/nnoaj-16000145
Zahira Bb
{"title":"Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Evolving Profile of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in the Far Ouest of Algeria","authors":"Zahira Bb","doi":"10.23880/nnoaj-16000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000145","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is rare conditions related to occlusions of isolated dural sinuses or occlusions of cortical veins. They are characterized by their clinical and radiological polymorphism. 1.1. Methods: Our work is a descriptive (between January 2010 to December 2015). We collected 96 patients, all over the age of 18 years, for which we studied the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical presentations, and evolution outcomes. 1.2. Results: The average age in our study was 36.65 ± 6.1years with predominance in females (sex ratio 0,1 Clinical presentation was sub-acute in 73,9% of all cases. CIH syndrome was the most common presenting symptom (51,1% and focal symptoms in 25% of cases. Thrombosis was mainly located at the superior sagittal sinus (44,8%) followed by the lateral sinus (20,8%). Cerebral CT scan showed hemorrhagic venous infarction (73,9%). Identified causes were polymorphic and associated, dominated by post-partum (25%). Septic causes remained significant (19, 8%). The outcome was favorable in 75% of cases. 1.3. Conclusion: CTV is a thrombotic condition that is not as rare as thought, requiring early diagnosis and emergency management.","PeriodicalId":169205,"journal":{"name":"Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133246395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Innovative Therapies for ALS under the Pipeline 肌萎缩性侧索硬化症:管道下的ALS创新疗法
Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/nnoaj-16000166
Ravi Kumar
{"title":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Innovative Therapies for ALS under the Pipeline","authors":"Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.23880/nnoaj-16000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000166","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 5 decades, a multiple of experimental drugs compounds have been shown to dissuade disease progression in preclinical animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but failed to show any efficacy in human clinical trials or are still waiting for approval under Phase I–III trials. Only 2 main drug compounds are discovered till date and approved by USA Food and Drug Administration for ALS treatment that show better efficacy, effective against ALS progression in early stages and enhances the survival rate of patients. The riluzole is a glutamatergic neurotransmission inhibitor and edaravone is act as an antioxidants. Various clinical trials carried out for ALS treatment but do not show any effective pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data. We required further study on genetics and pathophysiology of ALS that associated with progression of disease. In this review, we focused on pathological aspects and some important drug molecules that participate in clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":169205,"journal":{"name":"Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127125699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Unwonted Cause of Acute Cerebellar Ataxia in a Young Lady: A Rare Path to Lupus 一位年轻女士急性小脑共济失调的罕见原因:罕见的红斑狼疮路径
Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/nnoaj-16000169
R. Gomes
{"title":"An Unwonted Cause of Acute Cerebellar Ataxia in a Young Lady: A Rare Path to Lupus","authors":"R. Gomes","doi":"10.23880/nnoaj-16000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000169","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropsychiatric manifestations are commonly observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. In particular, neurological involvement is known to be more common in patients with positive anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulants. Nevertheless, cerebellar ataxia has rarely been reported, especially as the first clinical manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Cerebral vascular infarction or ischemia, vasogenic oedema and antibody-mediated cerebral vasculopathy or vasculitic process have been supposed as possible aetiologies of acute cerebellar ataxia related to SLE. We report the clinical and radiological features of a 38 years old diabetic lady who developed a rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome as first sign of SLE; no other cause explaining her cerebellar ataxia was found. Imaging of brain in this patient revealed prominent cerebellar atrophy. She was treated with initial pulse intravenous methylprednisolone later oral prednisolone and oral mycophenolate mofetil. There was no further progression of her neurological signs after the initiation of therapy. The appearance of a cerebellar syndrome with unknown aetiology with associated features of possible systemic autoimmune dysfunction, should be taken into account in clinical practice for appropriate diagnostic workup in order to provide effective therapeutic options.","PeriodicalId":169205,"journal":{"name":"Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122007471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Report of Four Cases and Review of Literature 多形性黄色星形细胞瘤4例报告并文献复习
Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/nnoaj-16000157
B. K
{"title":"Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Report of Four Cases and Review of Literature","authors":"B. K","doi":"10.23880/nnoaj-16000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000157","url":null,"abstract":"We present a review of four patients who developed pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, presenting the clinical features, pathology findings and therapeutic approach of these rare tumours which almost always occur in children and young adults. The pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (P.X.A.), a low grade leptomeningeal glioma are reported. Prominent histological features used for diagnosis were a cellular pleomorphism of G.F.A.P. positive cells, with intracytoplasmic lipidic vacuols. Our cases were observed during the surgical management of young patients with resistant epilepsy. Neuroradiological examinations showed a tumor superficially located within the temporal or the parietal lobe. This tumor could be calcified and/or cystic. Operative aspects showed a firm and non-encapsulated leptomeningeal tumor with possible various colors. Our patients were seizures- free after surgery even during the follow-up. From the currently reported cases clinical follow-up ranging for 1.5 to 7 years is not sufficient to predict a favorable carcinologic prognosis. P.X.A. is an uncommon tumor and less than 50 cases are reported throughout the literature. This tumor affecting young subjects mainly during the second decade is revealed in the majority of cases (3/4) by epileptic seizures or by an intracranial hypertension. Optimal management of P.X.A. seems to be primary surgical resection with later surgery for residual or recurrent tumor. The role of radiotherapy in the management of P.X.A. is at this time uncertain.","PeriodicalId":169205,"journal":{"name":"Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116455520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stroke in Young Patients: Epidemiology, Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatment 年轻中风患者:流行病学、表现、诊断和治疗
Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/nnoaj-16000164
Christian Pérez-Calvo
{"title":"Stroke in Young Patients: Epidemiology, Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatment","authors":"Christian Pérez-Calvo","doi":"10.23880/nnoaj-16000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000164","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke ranks fifth among the leading causes of death and is considered one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. However, its incidence has been decreasing in the general population in recent decades. Nevertheless, in the young adult population (18-44 years) the incidence and global burden of stroke has increased due also to the increase of traditional risk factors in this population. Its etiology is varied and may differ from the most frequent causes in older adults (>65 years), in addition to the fact that in its clinical presentation there may be atypical manifestations, making its diagnosis delayed compared to older adults. Regarding its management, medical and surgical treatment is similar to that performed in the elderly, although the evidence shows better results in terms of treatment complications. However, the prognosis of stroke in the young adult is not as favorable as previously thought, as well as in mortality and physical/psychosocial consequences.","PeriodicalId":169205,"journal":{"name":"Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126760468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Giant Cell Arteritis - A Disease not to be Missed in Acute Ischemic Stroke 巨细胞动脉炎——急性缺血性脑卒中不可忽视的疾病
Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/nnoaj-16000167
Aravinda Rv
{"title":"Giant Cell Arteritis - A Disease not to be Missed in Acute Ischemic Stroke","authors":"Aravinda Rv","doi":"10.23880/nnoaj-16000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000167","url":null,"abstract":"Giant cell arteritis is described classically as a medium and large vessel inflammatory disease. It generally affects the external carotid vascular system and causes its typical symptoms. However, relatively uncommon is its involvement of internal carotid artery to cause visual disturbances and ischemic strokes. Typically, ultrasonography of the superficial temporal artery shows classical feature of the disease i.e., halo sign with a high sensitivity. Biopsy of the affected vessel, even though less sensitive, is diagnostic. We are describing such a case of giant cell arteritis involving both external and internal carotid vascular system which is negative on biopsy and did not show typical ultrasonographic features but diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Additionally the patient also had a severe atherosclerotic carotid vascular disease. Both of which may be associated with ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":169205,"journal":{"name":"Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125256545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurotization of Musculocutaneous Nerve with Intercostal Nerves Assisted with Videothoracoscopy. Clinical Case of a Patient with Brachial Plexus Palsy 肋间神经辅助胸腔镜下肌肉皮神经的神经化。臂丛神经麻痹1例临床分析
Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/nnoaj-16000172
J. Cáceres
{"title":"Neurotization of Musculocutaneous Nerve with Intercostal Nerves Assisted with Videothoracoscopy. Clinical Case of a Patient with Brachial Plexus Palsy","authors":"J. Cáceres","doi":"10.23880/nnoaj-16000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000172","url":null,"abstract":"In total brachial plexus preganglionic lesions (C5 for T1), different extraplexual neurotizations are indicated for partial motor function restitution specially for the elbow flexion. Neurotization with intercostal nerves (ICN) [Spanish Acronym] to musculocutaneous nerve has been known and accepted during many years with different results. The customary technique as described by various authors is carried out by means of a large submammary incision to harvest three or four intercostal nerves. Then are anatomosed by direct suture or grafts to the musculocutaneous nerve or its motor branches. Based on a previous study by the author on the possibility of performing the dissection of the intercostal nerves by videothoracoscopy, we present a clinical case of a 29-year-old patient with a complete brachial plexus injury in which we performed this technique and its results at 2 years.","PeriodicalId":169205,"journal":{"name":"Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127746154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Intracerebroventricular Injection (ICV) of Simvastatin on Cerebellum and CA1 Region of the Hippocampus 脑室注射辛伐他汀对小脑和海马CA1区的影响
Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/nnoaj-16000165
F. Farokhi
{"title":"Effect of Intracerebroventricular Injection (ICV) of Simvastatin on Cerebellum and CA1 Region of the Hippocampus","authors":"F. Farokhi","doi":"10.23880/nnoaj-16000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000165","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Simvastatin is a lipophilic statin. Lipophilic statins can cross the blood-brain barrier. The present study investigates the effect of simvastatin on cerebellum and region CA1 neurons of hippocampal in adult male rats without brain injury by the ICV method. Method: In this experimental study, 26 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into six groups (n=6) including: control ICV (without injection), Shm (3μl ICV distilled water), simvastatin 28.5 nmol ICV, simvastatin 28.5 nmol ICV + vitamin D 5 µg/kg. Simvastatin treatment was performed for seven days. After the treatment period, Histological and biochemical studies were performed. Findings: Based on the results, the groups receiving simvastatin with a concentration 28.5 nmol did not have a significant difference in the percentage of degenerative cerebellar neurons compared to the control group (P> 0.05), but a significant percentage of degenerated cells in the neurons of the hippocampal region CA1 compared to the control group (P <0.05). Was observed with the control group. No significant effect was observed on the level of MDA and FRAP in any of the groups compared to the control group (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The present study results showed a negative effect of simvastatin on hippocampal pyramidal neurons, but this negative effect was not observed on Russian Purkinje cerebellar neurons.","PeriodicalId":169205,"journal":{"name":"Neurology &amp; Neurotherapy Open Access Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115916996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Typical Psychological Treatment with EMDR 典型的EMDR心理治疗
Neurology &amp; Neurotherapy Open Access Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/nnoaj-16000171
Alejandro Checa
{"title":"A Typical Psychological Treatment with EMDR","authors":"Alejandro Checa","doi":"10.23880/nnoaj-16000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000171","url":null,"abstract":"EMDR is a method of structured psychotherapy that facilitates the treatment of various psychopathologies and problems related to both traumatic events and more common but emotionally stressful experiences.","PeriodicalId":169205,"journal":{"name":"Neurology &amp; Neurotherapy Open Access Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133872023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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