{"title":"Strategy for Environmental Sustainability for Island-State Singapore – Engaging the Public","authors":"Seck L. Tan","doi":"10.18003/AJPA.20173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18003/AJPA.20173","url":null,"abstract":"Policymaking involves multiple stakeholders in an increasingly complicated set of relationships. Yet, very little is understood about the influence of the public on policy making. Public involvement may transform service offerings, but in the present era the public itself is also often transformed by the service offering. The island-state Singapore has prided itself on a top-down policymaking landscape (with minimal public engagement). Sustainable development has greater success when there is an equal emphasis on both economy and environment. An economy remains a subset of the ecosystem and operates within an environmental domain permitted by the ecosystem. A continuous extraction of ecosystem services will render economic growth unsustainable. Due to the vulnerability of island-states, further economic growth is likely to generate greater environmental stress and hamper development. This paper seeks to address strategies available to Singapore for environmental sustainability by outlining the island-state’s progression of environmental policy. One significant achievement has been Singapore’s use of a regulatory mechanism, namely the Environmental Impact Assessment, to involve the public for developments and projects. This serves to protect the environment as the island-state seeks to develop in a sustainable fashion. As Singapore continues to balance economic performance and environmental protection, future policy directions and recommendations toward sustainable development will be critical.","PeriodicalId":164717,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Environment (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114608884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highway Toll and Air Pollution: Evidence from Chinese Cities","authors":"Shihe Fu, Yizhen Gu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2517819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2517819","url":null,"abstract":"Most highways in urban China are tolled to finance their construction. During the eight-day National Day holiday in 2012, highway tolls are waived nationwide for passenger vehicles. We use this to test highway tolls’ effect on air pollution. Using daily pollution and weather data for 98 Chinese cities in 2011 and 2012 and employing both a regression discontinuity design and differences-in-differences method with 2011 National Day holiday as a control, we find that eliminating tolls increases pollution by 20% and decreases visibility by one kilometer. We also estimate that the toll elasticity of air pollution is 0.16. These findings complement the scant literature on the environmental impact of road pricing.","PeriodicalId":164717,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Environment (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134363996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finding Order Amid Complex Small-Scale Fisheries Self-Governance Arrangements","authors":"X. Basurto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2873306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2873306","url":null,"abstract":"Small-scale fisheries are distributed in isolated, rural coastal areas around the globe, often far away from the control of the State. As such they are a quintessential example of self-governance. Our aim is to find order in the overwhelming institutional diversity we see in small-scale fisheries around the world. To do this in this paper we develop some theoretical tools we argue are key to organize ideas and build and test theory about self-governance in the context of small-scale fisheries. We argue that the first step is to start by making clear which is the basic set of action situations most common in fishing. What are the basic set of action situations that make up what we define as “small-scale fisheries”? We argue they are a set of regularized relations of production that start by accessing capital and other means of production and property-rights to go harvesting and end with the discount of costs of fishing to determine the fisher’s profit. In continuing this relation of production into the future fishers and fishbuyers seek certain characteristics in one another. We investigated what characteristics do they seek in one another to give meaning to the concept of micro-institutional arrangements in fishing. We then investigated the role of micro-institutions in the context of the two dominant types of self-governance around the world: patron-client relationships and fishing cooperatives. We conclude with the identification of different patterns of behavior among the two different forms of self-governance in the case studies we investigated. It remains to be investigated in the future whether these patterns are generalizable or unique.","PeriodicalId":164717,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Environment (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125292562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food Waste: The Actions of Public and Private Actors Globally","authors":"J. Mansuy","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2903253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2903253","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this report is to explore the various actions which have been taken by public and private actors across the globe to tackle the issue of food waste.","PeriodicalId":164717,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Environment (Topic)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130602928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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