{"title":"The Basics","authors":"James A. Hepokoski","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780197536810.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780197536810.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Following the first three introductory chapters, chapter 4 lays out the essentials of Sonata Theory’s understanding of the guidelines within which classical sonatas work. This is the chapter that summarizes the approach’s technical details and terminology: Sonata Theory in a nutshell. It begins with an overview of the five sonata types and notes that the “Type 3” or the “textbook” sonata, with exposition, development, and recapitulation, is by far the most common. It proceeds to move through each of the action zones of a typical “two-part exposition”—primary theme (P), transition (TR and medial caesura), secondary theme (S), and closing zone (C), noting the various commonly encountered, “default” options within each zone, and how each zone is vectored toward a generically expected cadence. The several issues involved with determining where secondary themes begin and end—within Sonata Theory’s view of things—are given special attention. Along with way it introduces some concepts new to this handbook, such as that of the “narrative” grouping of S (concluding cadentially with the EEC) and the thematic portions of any C that might follow: “the S/C thematic complex.” Following a close study of expositional practice, the chapter moves on, similarly, to describe standard features of developments, recapitulations, and codas. It ends with a few remarks on the Type 1 sonata and its expanded variant, which will be revisited in more detail at the end of chapter 11 and in chapter 12.","PeriodicalId":164617,"journal":{"name":"A Sonata Theory Handbook","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133552328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Type 2 Sonata","authors":"James Hepokoski, W. Darcy","doi":"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195146400.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195146400.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"The Type 2 sonata is a “double-rotational” (or “binary”) sonata: (1) exposition (P TR’ S / C); and (2) developmental space (P and/or TR) plus tonal resolution (S / C). The Type 2 lacks the “double return” of P and the tonic at the onset of other sonata types. For that reason Sonata Theory does not use the term “recapitulation” for Type 2s. This format was widely used in sonatas c. 1740–70, after which its use began to wane sharply, though several examples of it persist throughout the nineteenth century. Because the Type 2 has been the most frequently misunderstood sonata type (sometimes misread through ahistorical claims of a supposed “reversed recapitulation”), this chapter is devoted to building a case for the Type 2 sonata, beginning with the simplest, prototypical examples in early Mozart and then moving through more extended, complex examples from later years, including toward the end, a look at two deformational Type 2s by Mozart: K. 311/i and the Overture to La clemenza di Tito. At its conclusion the chapter lays out an argument on behalf of Sonata Theory’s case for the persistence of the Type 2 and double-rotational sonatas into the nineteenth century (these include both Type 2s and expanded Type 1 sonatas, which under some conditions are almost indistinguishable) and responds to some recent critics of the Type 2 concept for romantic works, along the way presenting an overview of Wagner’s (expanded Type 1) Overture to Tannhäuser, which in this case presents the same structural questions as those of a Type 2 sonata.","PeriodicalId":164617,"journal":{"name":"A Sonata Theory Handbook","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121920885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}