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Abduction and Scientific Discovery最新文献

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A Computational Definition of 'Consilience’ “一致性”的计算定义
Abduction and Scientific Discovery Pub Date : 1998-01-02 DOI: 10.21825/philosophica.82312
J. Hernández-Orallo
{"title":"A Computational Definition of 'Consilience’","authors":"J. Hernández-Orallo","doi":"10.21825/philosophica.82312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21825/philosophica.82312","url":null,"abstract":"This paper defines in a formal and computational way the notion of ‘consilience’, a term introduced by Whewell in 1847 for the evaluation of scientific theories. Informally, as it has been used to date, a model or theory is ‘consilient’ if it is predictive, explanatory and unifies the evidence. Centred in a constructive framework, where new terms can be introduced, an initial and more classical approach based on the inverse idea of separation soon manifests the problem of the introduction of fantastic concepts to unify disparate sub-theories. Our second approach is constructed by using a detailed evaluation of the relationship between the theory and the evidence by means of reinforcement propagation. With the use of reinforcement, fantastic concepts can be better detected and the role of consilience for theory construction and revision can be specialised for different inference mechanisms like explanatory induction, abduction, deduction and analogy.","PeriodicalId":163813,"journal":{"name":"Abduction and Scientific Discovery","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115387014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Aux sources de la psychanalyse. Une analyse des premiers écrits de Freud (1877-1900). Paris, L’Harmattan, 1998. Filip Geerardyn & Gertrudis Van de Vijver (eds) 精神分析的根源。弗洛伊德早期著作分析(1877-1900)。巴黎，l ' harmattan, 1998。菲利普·吉拉尔丁和格特鲁迪斯·范·德·维杰弗(编)
Abduction and Scientific Discovery Pub Date : 1998-01-02 DOI: 10.21825/philosophica.82317
Dominiek Hoens
{"title":"Aux sources de la psychanalyse. Une analyse des premiers écrits de Freud (1877-1900). Paris, L’Harmattan, 1998. Filip Geerardyn & Gertrudis Van de Vijver (eds)","authors":"Dominiek Hoens","doi":"10.21825/philosophica.82317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21825/philosophica.82317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163813,"journal":{"name":"Abduction and Scientific Discovery","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130976171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discovery Knowledge and Reliable Limiting Convergence - The KALC-Paradigm 发现知识与可靠的极限收敛——kalc范式
Abduction and Scientific Discovery Pub Date : 1998-01-02 DOI: 10.21825/philosophica.82316
V. Hendricks, S. A. Pedersen
{"title":"Discovery Knowledge and Reliable Limiting Convergence - The KALC-Paradigm","authors":"V. Hendricks, S. A. Pedersen","doi":"10.21825/philosophica.82316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21825/philosophica.82316","url":null,"abstract":"From the point of view of the KaLC-paradigm (Knowledge as Limiting Convergence) this paper has two aims. First of all it attempts to sketch some of the pertiqent problems of scientific discovery and secondly, it outlines how these problems can be treated in the KaLC -paradigm.","PeriodicalId":163813,"journal":{"name":"Abduction and Scientific Discovery","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127704436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abduction-Prediction Model of Scientific Inference Reflected in a Prototype System for Model-based Diagnosis 基于模型诊断的原型系统中体现的科学推理溯因-预测模型
Abduction and Scientific Discovery Pub Date : 1998-01-02 DOI: 10.21825/philosophica.82311
J. Josephson
{"title":"Abduction-Prediction Model of Scientific Inference Reflected in a Prototype System for Model-based Diagnosis","authors":"J. Josephson","doi":"10.21825/philosophica.82311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21825/philosophica.82311","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes in some detail a pattern of justification which seems to be part of common sense logic and also part of the logic of scientific investigations. Calling this pattern \"abduction,\" the paper lays out an \"abduction-prediction\" model of scientific inference as an update to the traditional hypothetico-deductive model. According to this newer model, scientific theories receive their claims for acceptance and belief from the abductive arguments that support them, and the processes of scientific discovery aim to develop theories with strong abductive support. It is suggested that the study of diagnosis presents a good opportunity for studying abduction under somewhat simpler and more reproducible conditions than occur in scientific discovery. A computer-based diagnostic system is described which provides a small-scale validation of the abduction-prediction model by showing that a version of it can be made precise enough to be implemented and to perform correctly for diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":163813,"journal":{"name":"Abduction and Scientific Discovery","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121548966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Abduction and Conjecturing in Mathematics 数学中的溯因与猜想
Abduction and Scientific Discovery Pub Date : 1998-01-02 DOI: 10.21825/philosophica.82315
F. Arzarello, Valeria Andriano, F. Olivero, O. Robutti
{"title":"Abduction and Conjecturing in Mathematics","authors":"F. Arzarello, Valeria Andriano, F. Olivero, O. Robutti","doi":"10.21825/philosophica.82315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21825/philosophica.82315","url":null,"abstract":"The logic of discovering and that of justifying have been a permanent source of debate in mathematics, because of their different and apparently contradictory features within the processes of production of mathematical sentences. In fact, a fundamental unity appears as soon as one investigates deeply the phenomenology of conjecturing and proving using concrete examples. In this paper it is shown that abduction, in the sense of Peirce, is an essential unifying activity, ruling such phenomena. Abduction is the major ingredient in a theoretical model suitable for describing the transition from the conjecturing to the proving phase. In the paper such a model is introduced and worked out to test Lakatos' machinery of proofs and refutations from a new point of view. Abduction and its categorical counterpart, adjunction, allow to explain within a. unifying framework most of the phenomenology of conjectures and proofs, encompassing also the method of Greek analysis-synthesis.","PeriodicalId":163813,"journal":{"name":"Abduction and Scientific Discovery","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123207711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Is Gödelian Model-based Deductive Reasoning Computational? Gödelian基于模型的演绎推理是可计算的吗?
Abduction and Scientific Discovery Pub Date : 1998-01-02 DOI: 10.21825/philosophica.82314
S. Bringsjord
{"title":"Is Gödelian Model-based Deductive Reasoning Computational?","authors":"S. Bringsjord","doi":"10.21825/philosophica.82314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21825/philosophica.82314","url":null,"abstract":"Model-based reasoning (MBR) , including specifically the deductive variety on which I focus herein (MBRD), is promising in large part because of the intellectual hravery it reflects. The deductive reasoning carried out by today's automated theorem provers is one-dimensional: such reasoning can be reduced to standard linear and linguistic chains of inference, and such chains, as well as the manipulation thereof, can be wholly captured by computation. In short, machine deduction, as the century turns, is mere symbol manipulation. But MBRD moves beyond symbols: MBRD embraces the likes of . diagrams and mental images, despite the oizzying possibility that such things, and the manipulation of such things, may be beyond computation. In this paper I share some thoughts about the sort of deductive modelb~sed reasoning that is part and parcel of our establishing G6del' s first incompleteness theorem. I take the G6delian case to be paradigmatic; the idea is to generalize from it to MBRD. More exactly, I am specifically concerned with these two questions, where the second is a generalization of the first:","PeriodicalId":163813,"journal":{"name":"Abduction and Scientific Discovery","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114709994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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