Advances in Entomology最新文献

Visible Light and Its Influence on the Embryonic Viability of the Cricket Acheta domesticus 可见光及其对蟋蟀胚胎活力的影响家养小蟋蟀

Advances in Entomology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ae.2023.114022

Matthew J. Ferenz

{"title":"Visible Light and Its Influence on the Embryonic Viability of the Cricket &lt;i&gt;Acheta domesticus&lt;/i&gt;","authors":"Matthew J. Ferenz","doi":"10.4236/ae.2023.114022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2023.114022","url":null,"abstract":"During in vitro fertilization, human embryos are incubated without light, and these conditions do not ensure embryo survival. This study explored whether environmental conditions can influence the embryo viability rates of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. In particular, the experiment tested what colors of visible light provide the best incubation conditions to ensure cricket embryo viability. The concept was to use house cricket embryos to represent human embryos. Cricket embryos were chosen as their eggs have soft outer membrane casings and resemble human embryos during the first few days after fertilization. During the experiment, the adult crickets laid their eggs into one of six soil-filled boxes called substrates. Each substrate was placed into one of six storage containers filled with adult crickets and lit with a different colored visible light (red, yellow, green, blue, white, or no light). After two days of breeding, the egg-filled substrates were removed from the adult crickets and placed in another storage container of the same color light. After incubation under heat-emitting lamps and under one of six light colors, nymphs were counted after hatching to determine embryo viability. After three trials, the red light provided the significantly highest viability rate, with yellow and no light being comparable seconds. The green, blue, and white lights showed significantly lower viability rates than no visible light. My results raise the speculation that exposing fertilized mammal eggs to visible light colors might have the same effects during the in vitro fertilization process.","PeriodicalId":163076,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Entomology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135212845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First Record of Pristomerus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) (Kriechbaumer) Parasitizing Hellula undalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Crucifer Crop in Senegal 首次记录到 Pristomerus pallidus&lt;i&gt; (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) (Kriechbaumer) 寄生于塞内加尔十字花科作物中的 &lt;i&gt;Hellula undalis&lt;/i&gt; (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Advances in Entomology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ae.2023.114018

Etienne Tendeng, Etienne Tendeng, Babacar Labou, El Hadji Serigne Sylla, Amadou Baldé, Mamadou Diatte, Oumar Seydi, Issa Alé Ndiaye, Pape Diop, Serigne Omar Sène, Saliou Djiba, Karamoko Diarra

{"title":"First Record of &lt;i&gt;Pristomerus pallidus&lt;/i&gt; (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) (Kriechbaumer) Parasitizing &lt;i&gt;Hellula undalis&lt;/i&gt; (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Crucifer Crop in Senegal","authors":"Etienne Tendeng, Etienne Tendeng, Babacar Labou, El Hadji Serigne Sylla, Amadou Baldé, Mamadou Diatte, Oumar Seydi, Issa Alé Ndiaye, Pape Diop, Serigne Omar Sène, Saliou Djiba, Karamoko Diarra","doi":"10.4236/ae.2023.114018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2023.114018","url":null,"abstract":"Cabbage is today an economically important crop grown in more than 90 countries around the world. Production is constantly threatened by pests including the cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) which just one or two larvae can cause severe damage by infesting the growing points or shoots of young plants. Hellula undalis is difficult to control by the use of chemical insecticides. The establishment of effective biological control is needed. The parasitoid species Pristomerus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) was recorded for the first time in Senegal on larvae of Hellula undalis from cabbage fields infested with H. undalis. Laboratory observed parasitism was 7.4%. This is the first record of Pristomerus pallidus parasitizing Hellula undalis from Senegal. Furthermore, studies on the potential regulation of Hellula undalis under controlled and field conditions need to be evaluated for utilizing this parasitoid as a biocontrol agent against the cabbage webworm.","PeriodicalId":163076,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Entomology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136052989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glucosinolates and Their Hydrolysis Products in Arabidopsis thaliana Influence Performance and Feeding Choice of Pieris rapae and Spodoptera exigua 拟南芥中的葡萄糖苷酸盐及其水解产物影响油菜皮氏囊蚜虫&lt;i&gt;和外翅蝶类&lt;/i&gt;的表现和取食选择

Advances in Entomology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ae.2023.114020

Julie A. Kemarly-Dowland, Maria Gabriela Bidart

{"title":"Glucosinolates and Their Hydrolysis Products in &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt; Influence Performance and Feeding Choice of &lt;i&gt;Pieris rapae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Spodoptera exigua&lt;/i&gt;","authors":"Julie A. Kemarly-Dowland, Maria Gabriela Bidart","doi":"10.4236/ae.2023.114020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2023.114020","url":null,"abstract":"Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, found in plants of the order Brassicales, are well-known for their defensive properties against insect herbivores. Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) genetic lines with mutations that modify the type of glucosinolates (i.e. myb28myb29 and cyp79B2cyp79B3 are deficient in the production of aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates, respectively) make it possible to test for the specific effects of these secondary chemicals on insect herbivores. The Pad3 mutant (deficient in camalexin), which has a role in resistance to pathogens, was also tested. Likewise, the effects of different glucosinolate hydrolysis products can be evaluated using genetically modified (GM) lines of the wild type Col-0 ecotype, which naturally produces isothiocyanates. These GM lines include the nitrile-producing 35S: ESP and the double knockout tgg1tgg2, which virtually lacks hydrolysis products. In both no-choice and choice experiments, the crucifer specialist Pieris rapae was virtually unaffected by differences in the type of glucosinolates or hydrolysis products. In contrast, the generalist insect Spodoptera exigua had statistically significant increases in pupae/adult weight and faster developmental times when reared on mutants deficient in the production of aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. There were no differences in the performance of either insect species when reared on wild type Col-0 or Pad3. Results from feeding choice trials showed that Pieris rapae had no statistically significant preference for any of the genetic lines. In contrast, Spodoptera exigua had a significant feeding preference for the double mutant tgg1tgg2. This study provides evidence that variation in the type of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products can influence insect performance and feeding choices, and that responses are species-specific.","PeriodicalId":163076,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Entomology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pest Status of Antestia Bug, Antestiopsis spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Arabica Coffee Fields of Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania 蜜蜂害虫现状，< > 在坦桑尼亚小农户的阿拉比卡咖啡田里的一种(半翅目:蝽科)

Advances in Entomology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ae.2023.114019

Edmond Zani, Gration M. Rwegasira

{"title":"Pest Status of Antestia Bug, &lt;i&gt;Antestiopsis&lt;/i&gt; spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Arabica Coffee Fields of Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania","authors":"Edmond Zani, Gration M. Rwegasira","doi":"10.4236/ae.2023.114019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2023.114019","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is a crop of major economic significance in Tanzania with annual revenue estimated at 100 Million USD. The current mean annual production of the crop is 68,000 MT of clean coffee of which 90% is contributed by about 450,000 smallholder farmers and while large estate owners contribute the rest. Antestia bug (Antestiopsis orbitalis spp.), the pest known to attack all vegetative and fruiting parts of the coffee tree with substantial yield reduction of up to 45% has been reported to occur contemporary on Arabica coffee in Tanzania, particularly in Kilimanjaro Region. Despite the reported existence of Antestia bug and its damages that badly inflict on the productivity and quality of coffee, the pest status of the bug in Tanzania has never been established. The present study examined the incidence damage severity of Antestia bug in the Arabica coffee fields in major producing regions of Kilimanjaro, Ruvuma and Songwe. A stratified sampling of 360 coffee farms was done on which the Antestia bug incidence and severity were recorded. Results suggested that all regions were infested and the shade intensity influenced the pest incidences with the highest severity record in Kilimanjaro and the least affected was Songwe Region. Dense shade had the highest Antestia bug incidence than sparse shade canopy (p < 0.001). The current study sheds insights into understanding the pest status of Antestia bugs on Arabica coffee in Tanzania which could be used in designing effective management strategies.","PeriodicalId":163076,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Entomology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Mineral and Natural Oils in Integration with Inorganic Salts and Some Insecticides in Suppressing the Invasion of the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (RPW) Affecting Date Palms with Estimation of Its Residues in the Resulting Date Fruits 矿物油和天然油与无机盐和某些杀虫剂协同作用对红棕象甲入侵的抑制作用Rhynchophorus ferrugineus(RPW)对枣树的影响及其在椰果中的残留量估算

Advances in Entomology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/ae.2023.114021

Mohammad I. Mogahed

{"title":"The Role of Mineral and Natural Oils in Integration with Inorganic Salts and Some Insecticides in Suppressing the Invasion of the Red Palm Weevil &lt;i&gt;Rhynchophorus ferrugineus&lt;/i&gt; (RPW) Affecting Date Palms with Estimation of Its Residues in the Resulting Date Fruits","authors":"Mohammad I. Mogahed","doi":"10.4236/ae.2023.114021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2023.114021","url":null,"abstract":"Applied experiments were conducted in the palm orchard in the Nubaria region. The orchard includes the varieties of Al-Barhi (imported) and Zaghloul (local) to examine the efficacy of some natural materials alone and in combination with some pesticides against the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (RPW) that infects palm trees in Egypt. Most insects caught by light traps, which have a role in the spread of the red palm weevil in palm groves, appear in early February and March. Peak numbers for the month of May until September namely Phyllgnathus excavatus. Pseudophilus testaceus, Phonapata frontalis, and Oryctes elegans. The neglected gardens of date palms are more compensating for insect infestation than those maintained in terms of agricultural and pest control services. Individual injection of insecticide (Mosspilan) was the most potent against RPW-infested Barhi var. with a recovery rate of 91.7%, followed by Selikron at 80%, and finally Saydon at 37.5%. Injection of the car oil used with Mosspilan followed by Selikron was effective against RPW. No significant difference between treatments of injection (F-value: 1.2). Mixing injection of mineral oils with chemical pesticides is effective against red palm weevil after two successive seasons. As a result, the pesticide was poured around the affected palm root, with a low recovery rate. There is no effect of palm spray. The best way to control the red palm weevil is the method of injecting the tested material (single or mixed) with the pure pesticide into the trunk of the infected palm tree. The tested pesticide residues gradually decrease as the period after application is prolonged with an average loss of 0.12, 0.02 and 0.07 ppm after 90 consecutive days.","PeriodicalId":163076,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Entomology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136258816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0