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Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management最新文献

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Fitting Power-Law Relations in Watershed Science and Analysis, with an Example Using the R Language 在流域科学与分析中拟合幂律关系，以 R 语言为例
Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.22230/jwsm.2024v7n1a53
R. D. Moore
{"title":"Fitting Power-Law Relations in Watershed Science and Analysis, with an Example Using the R Language","authors":"R. D. Moore","doi":"10.22230/jwsm.2024v7n1a53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jwsm.2024v7n1a53","url":null,"abstract":"Many quantitative relationships in the environmental sciences, and specifically in watershed science, can effectively be modelled using a power-law function. Such relationships are often estimated using ordinary least squares regression after linearizing the relationship by log-transforming both the x and y variables. Alternative approaches include nonlinear least squares regression and generalized nonlinear least squares regression. However, there are some differences in the underlying characteristics of  these models that can result in the generation of different relationships and associated prediction limits. This article provides an overview of the statistical models underlying these approaches, then illustrates their application using the R language for an example based on fitting a regional relationship to predict flood quantiles from catchment area.\u0000Keywords: law relationships, log-transformation, nonlinear least squares regression, generalized nonlinear least squares regression","PeriodicalId":155719,"journal":{"name":"Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Groundwater Resource Allocation in British Columbia: Challenges and Ways Forward 不列颠哥伦比亚省地下水资源分配:挑战与前进方向
Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.22230/jwsm.2023v6n1a49
Diana Allen, T. Gleeson
{"title":"Groundwater Resource Allocation in British Columbia: Challenges and Ways Forward","authors":"Diana Allen, T. Gleeson","doi":"10.22230/jwsm.2023v6n1a49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jwsm.2023v6n1a49","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater allocation in British Columbia is facing several important challenges. Groundwater is licensed under the Water Sustainability Act and potentially included in modern treaties. These challenges include acknowledging the importance of groundwater in supporting environmental flowneeds and human water use, the uncertainty and misconceptions surrounding annual recharge estimates, and the under-appreciated importance of aquifer drainage, while tackling cumulative impacts in watersheds using adaptive management with clear sustainability goals. This article summarizes these challenges and suggests ways forward so that we can more robustly, holistically, and sustainably allocate groundwater resources. This includes some evidenced-based suggestions that are alreadymbeing implemented partially or in some regions. Not implementing these suggestions risks permanent over-allocation of groundwater resources that would impact stream ecology, endanger rural livelihoods, and challenge reconciliation with First Nations.\u0000Keywords: groundwater allocation, groundwater resources, water management, water policy, climate change","PeriodicalId":155719,"journal":{"name":"Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115575914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rainfall Interception by Mature Coastal and Interior Forests in British Columbia 不列颠哥伦比亚省成熟海岸和内陆森林的降雨拦截
Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.22230/jwsm.2023v6n1a55
D. Spittlehouse, D. Maloney
{"title":"Rainfall Interception by Mature Coastal and Interior Forests in British Columbia","authors":"D. Spittlehouse, D. Maloney","doi":"10.22230/jwsm.2023v6n1a55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jwsm.2023v6n1a55","url":null,"abstract":"Interception of rainfall by forest canopies and its evaporation back to the atmosphere is an important component of the hydrological balance. We quantify the influence of six mature forests at two coastal and one southern interior locations in British Columbia on interception loss. Drainage from the canopy was measured with throughfall troughs and stemflow collars that emptied into tipping buckets monitored by data loggers. Interception loss was evaluated on an event basis and summed to monthly and seasonal totals. The throughfall coefficients increased with a decrease in canopy volume with values of 0.3 for the south coast forest, 0.5 for the north coast forests, and 0.6 for the southern interior forests. The respective saturation capacities were 2.0, 1.1, and 0.6 mm. The average evaporation rates during events varied from 0.05 to 0.3 mm h-1 at all sites. Consequently, for large events, interception loss was dominated by evaporation and replenishment of water in storage during the event. Increasingn event size increased interception loss, which tended to plateau at large events. The coastal forests had throughfall 75±2 percent, stemflow 1±0.2 percent, and interception loss 24±2 percent of the May to November rainfall. The respective values for the interior forests were 72±3 percent, 0.05±0.05 percent, and 28±3 percent of the late May to October rainfall. The similarity between coastal and interior sites in the partitioning of the seasonal rainfall resulted from the differing distributions of event size and similar evaporation rates of intercepted water during events.","PeriodicalId":155719,"journal":{"name":"Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130236409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introducing the North American Stream Hydrographers (NASH) 介绍北美河流水文仪(NASH)
Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.22230/jwsm.2023v16n1a41
R. Moore, Derek R. Brzoza, P. Whitfield
{"title":"Introducing the North American Stream Hydrographers (NASH)","authors":"R. Moore, Derek R. Brzoza, P. Whitfield","doi":"10.22230/jwsm.2023v16n1a41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jwsm.2023v16n1a41","url":null,"abstract":"North American Stream Hydrographers (NASH) is a non-profit organization focused on the theory and practice of hydrometry. It became formally affiliated with the Canadian Water Resources Association in 2022. This article summarizes the organization’s historical development and provides an overview of its activities. All members of the water resources community with an interest in hydrometry are encouraged to get involved via the contact information provided.\u0000Keywords: hydrometry, streamflow measurement, hydrometric data","PeriodicalId":155719,"journal":{"name":"Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management","volume":"11 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120908648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Streamline Article Index 1996-2013 精简文章索引1996-2013
Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.22230/jwsm.2021v5n1a45
Robin C. Pike
{"title":"Streamline Article Index 1996-2013","authors":"Robin C. Pike","doi":"10.22230/jwsm.2021v5n1a45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jwsm.2021v5n1a45","url":null,"abstract":"Watershed restoration and management in British Columbia, 1996 to 2013.","PeriodicalId":155719,"journal":{"name":"Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124098167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Key Planning Questions to Consider in Small Stream Hydrometric Monitoring 小溪水文监测中应考虑的关键规划问题
Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management Pub Date : 2019-08-16 DOI: 10.22230/JWSM.2019V3N2A25
R. Pike, N. Goeller, J. Goetz, Sarah Crookshanks
{"title":"Key Planning Questions to Consider in Small Stream Hydrometric Monitoring","authors":"R. Pike, N. Goeller, J. Goetz, Sarah Crookshanks","doi":"10.22230/JWSM.2019V3N2A25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/JWSM.2019V3N2A25","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides key questions to consider when planning and operating a small stream hydrometric station. Office planning components include defining hydrometric monitoring objectives; the availability of hydrometric expertise; resource availability; safety plans and standard operating procedures; equipment availability (hydrometric station installation and streamflow measurement); sampling frequency and data availability; permissions and permitting requirements; data processing, access, and archiving; and metadata requirements. Key parts of field-based hydrometric planning include site safety; site accessibility; flow variability; channel control features; flow containment, diversions and additions; low flow considerations; high flow considerations; flow measurement challenges in small streams; benchmarks and survey criteria; and public safety and vandalism. Theoverall  goal of the article is to help non-professionals collect better hydrometric data and to highlight the varied planning aspects of typical hydrometric installations and operations.","PeriodicalId":155719,"journal":{"name":"Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124696941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Role of the Hydrographer in Rating Curve Development 海道测量师在额定值曲线发展中的作用
Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management Pub Date : 2019-04-10 DOI: 10.22230/JWSM.2019V3N1A11
S. Hamilton, M. Watson, R. Pike
{"title":"The Role of the Hydrographer in Rating Curve Development","authors":"S. Hamilton, M. Watson, R. Pike","doi":"10.22230/JWSM.2019V3N1A11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/JWSM.2019V3N1A11","url":null,"abstract":"Stage-discharge rating curves are used to produce most of the world’s discharge data. The shape of these curves is dependent on the shape of the channel that controls flow. Changes in rating curves occur over time in response to transitory (e.g., vegetation, ice, debris) or persistent (e.g., aggradation/degradation) changes of the rated channel. Errors in rating curve development can result from the mischaracterization of the shape of the curve at a given time, or the misidentification of patterns of change over time. While data-driven methods for rating curve calibration are desirable, conventional statistical regression techniques, unfortunately, require far more data points to fully characterize the patterns of change in the curve shapes than are commonly available. This article discusses the benefits of field observations of the stream channel in support of rating curve development. The mathematical form of the rating curve can be inferred from observations of natural channel control features that link to principles of flow. In this article, the theoretical components of the rating curve equation are discussed with emphasis on how field observations can be used to groundtruth calibrated values for the coefficient, offset, and exponent for each segment of a stage-discharge rating curve. The article also explains how conceptual models developed by the hydrographer add value to the calibration process.","PeriodicalId":155719,"journal":{"name":"Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123632570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A Review of Free Optical Satellite Imagery for Watershed-Scale Landscape Analysis 用于流域尺度景观分析的自由光学卫星图像综述
Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management Pub Date : 2018-07-04 DOI: 10.22230/JWSM.2018V2N2A18
A. Bevington, H. Gleason, Xavier Giroux-Bougard, J. D. De Jong
{"title":"A Review of Free Optical Satellite Imagery for Watershed-Scale Landscape Analysis","authors":"A. Bevington, H. Gleason, Xavier Giroux-Bougard, J. D. De Jong","doi":"10.22230/JWSM.2018V2N2A18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/JWSM.2018V2N2A18","url":null,"abstract":"Watershed-scale landscape analysis includes many disciplines, including ecological, hydrological, and geographical sciences. The recent proliferation of free optical satellite imagery (FOSI) has changed the possibilities for the monitoring of environmental change at local and global scales. Many reviews exist for discipline-specific remote sensing applications; however, this article seeks to highlight the rapidly growing archive of FOSI and applied tools that can be used by all levels of users. Herein, ten techniques and eight applications of FOSI are reviewed, along with the specifications and limitations of various sources of FOSI. Although this review focuses on Western Canada, the democratization of FOSI is globally relevant, and the objective is to explain basic concepts via figures and reference materials to help summarize this rapidly changing field.","PeriodicalId":155719,"journal":{"name":"Confluence: Journal of Watershed Science and Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122102891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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