ERN: Europe (Randomized) (Sub-Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Southern and Northern Italy in the Great Divergence: New Perspectives from the Occupational Structure","authors":"David Chilosi, Carlo Ciccarelli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3852318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3852318","url":null,"abstract":"Structural transformation is a key indicator of economic development. This paper reconstructs and examines spatial patterns of the occupational structure in pre-unification Italy, combining direct observations and urbanization rates. In 1861, the agricultural labour share was higher in Southern Italy than in the Centre and North. During the Risorgimento, provincial wages converged within the Centre-North. The predicted Centre-North/South GDP per capita ratio declined in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as the Centre-North stagnated and the South grew slowly. Southern Italy forged ahead of China after, and fell behind Britain before, the Centre-North did, but by pre-modern standards it nonetheless emerged as a middle-high income area.","PeriodicalId":155507,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Europe (Randomized) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133505116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cost of Services and Incentives in the UK Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) Demonstration: Preliminary Analysis","authors":"D. Greenberg, J. Walter, G. Knight","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1965830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1965830","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents a preliminary cost analysis of Britain’s Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) demonstration, which has been carefully evaluated through a large-scale randomized control trial. Aimed at helping low-income individuals sustain employment and progress in work, ERA is distinguished by a combination of job coaching and financial incentives that it offers to participants once they are working. The ERA demonstration project began operations in late 2003 as a pilot programme. Programme operations are now completed. It was administered by Jobcentre Plus in six regions of the country: East Midlands, London, North East England, North West England, Scotland and Wales. The preliminary cost estimates included here have been updated to include the costs to Jobcentre Plus and other Government agencies to subsidise education and training activities.","PeriodicalId":155507,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Europe (Randomized) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"708 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133847126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"İkametgâh Memnuniyeti ve Şehir İçi İkametgâh Hareketliliği (Residential Satisfaction and Intra-Urban Residential Mobility)","authors":"E. Özgür","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3418273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3418273","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Turkish Abstract:</b> İkametgâh memnuniyeti; coğrafya, sosyoloji, psikoloji ve planlama gibi disiplinler arasında uzun zamandır başlıca araştırma konusu olmuştur. Bu konunun gözde oluşu iki nedene dayanmaktadır: Birincisi, ikametgâh memnuniyetinin bireyin genel yaşam kalitesinin önemli bir unsuru olarak kabul edilmesidir. İkincisi, bireylerin konut ve oturdukları semte ilişkin kişisel değerlendirmelerinin, onların ikametgâh çevresine bir yanıt verme ve kamu faaliyetlerinin ana taleplerini şekillendirme yolu olmasıdır. Göçün davranışsal kavramsallaştırması içinde düşük düzeyli ikametgâh memnuniyeti, konut ve hareketlilik davranışında öncelikli kabul edilmektedir. Bireyler halen oturdukları konut ve semtten memnuniyetsizlik duyuyorlarsa; başka bir yere yerleşme konusunu düşünebilirler ve fiili olarak başka bir yere taşınabilirler. Bu nedenle, ikametgâh memnuniyetine yön veren etmenler hakkındaki bilgi, hane halkının hareketlilik karar sürecini daha iyi kavramak üzere son derece önemlidir. Birinin ikametgâh konumundan memnuniyeti, o kişinin halen oturduğu ve oturmak istediği yerler arasındaki yüksek düzeyli bir uyuma, ihtiyaç ve özlemlere göre bu yerden bir şikâyetin olmayışına işaret eder. Diğer taraftan halen oturulan konut veya semt ile gerekli koşullar arasındaki uyumsuzluk ise, memnuniyetsizliği başlatabilir. Memnuniyetsizlik yaklaşımı literatürü, halen oturulan ikametgâh çevresinin, hane halkının ürettiği baskı veya memnuniyetsizlikle etkileşim halinde olduğu ve bu memnuniyetsizliğin bazı eşiklere ulaştığında hane halkının, ikametgâhla ilgili harekete yol açabilecek bir arama sürecine başladığı üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu makale, ikametgâh memnuniyeti ve ikametgâh hareketliliği hakkındaki literatürü gözden geçirmekte ve ikametgâh hareketliliği ile ikametgâh memnuniyeti arasındaki ilişkileri anlamak üzere bağlamsal bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> Residential satisfaction has long been a major research topic in such disciplines as geography, sociology, psychology, and planning. The reason for this topic’s popularity is twofold. First, residential satisfaction is recognized as an important component of individuals’ general quality of life. Second, individuals’ subjective evaluations of their housing and neighborhood determine the way they respond to residential environment and form the basis of demands for public action. In behavioral conceptualization of migration, low levels of residential satisfaction is postulated to precede housing and mobility behavior. If individuals feel dissatisfied with their current housing or neighborhood, they may very well consider relocating and actually move to a different unit. Knowledge about the factors that shape residential satisfaction is therefore critical for a better understanding of household mobility decision process. Satisfaction with one’s residential situation indicates the absence of complaints and a high degree of congruence between actual and desired situations. On the oth","PeriodicalId":155507,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Europe (Randomized) (Sub-Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134598253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}