Defending Democracies最新文献

Defending Democracies Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197556979.003.0013

Evelyn Douek

{"title":"The Free Speech Blind Spot","authors":"Evelyn Douek","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197556979.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197556979.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The current system for monitoring and removal of foreign election interference on social media is a free speech blind spot. Social media platforms’ standards for what constitutes impermissible interference are vague, enforcement is seemingly ad hoc and inconsistent, and the role governments play in deciding what speech should be taken down is unclear. This extraordinary opacity—at odds with the ordinary requirements of respect for free speech—has been justified by a militarized discourse that paints such interference as highly effective, and “foreign” speech as uniquely pernicious. But, in fact, evidence of such campaigns’ effectiveness is limited, and the singling out and denigration of “foreign” speech is at odds with the traditional justifications for free expression. Hiding in the blind spot created by this foreign-threat, securitized framing are more pervasive and fundamental questions about online public discourse, such as how to define appropriate norms of online behavior more generally, who should decide them, and how they should be enforced. Without examining and answering these underlying questions, the goal that removing foreign election interference on social media is meant to achieve—re-establishing trust in the online public sphere—will remain unrealized.","PeriodicalId":152648,"journal":{"name":"Defending Democracies","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114884657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Defending Democracies via Cybernorms 通过网络规范捍卫民主

Defending Democracies Pub Date : 2020-06-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3635782

D. Hollis, J. Neutze

引用次数: 0

Election Interference 选举的干扰

Defending Democracies Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/9781108859561

J. Ohlin

引用次数: 9

Foreign Election Interference and International Law 外国选举干预与国际法

Defending Democracies Pub Date : 2020-05-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3599586

Chimène I. Keitner

{"title":"Foreign Election Interference and International Law","authors":"Chimène I. Keitner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3599586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3599586","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the possibilities, and limitations, of international law in regulating states’ attempts to influence each other’s elections. The principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence, self-determination, and nonintervention reflect core understandings about the attributes and entitlements of states in the international system. The chapter begins by tracing attempts to further codify the nonintervention principle in the 1960s and 1970s. It then examines the tension produced by states’ conflicting desires to preserve the greatest possible freedom of action for themselves and to constrain the behavior of others. To date, this dynamic has impeded the ability to formulate explicit treaty-based solutions to the problem of foreign election interference. Identifying customary international law in this area requires inferring specific conduct-regulating rules from general principles, which can yield contested results. States are unlikely to agree to more granular, binding international rules as long as regimes currently in power benefit from constructive ambiguity. Although agreement on more concrete rules and enforcement mechanisms might remain elusive, like-minded states should continue to emphasize the importance of supporting peoples’ abilities to determine their own political destinies. This requires, at a minimum, promoting an antideception norm as a matter of both domestic and international law.","PeriodicalId":152648,"journal":{"name":"Defending Democracies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134061894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1