EngRN: Nuclear Engineering (Topic)最新文献

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A New Hypothesis About the Nuclear Hydrogen Structure 关于原子核氢结构的一个新假说

EngRN: Nuclear Engineering (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3482167

R. Petrescu, R. Aversa, A. Apicella, T. Abu-lebdeh, F. Petrescu

引用次数: 3

The 'Double Standard' of Nonproliferation: Regime Type and the U.S. Response to Nuclear Weapons Program 核不扩散的“双重标准”:政权类型和美国对核武器计划的反应

EngRN: Nuclear Engineering (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-11-28 DOI: 10.7290/IJNS040101

Alina Shymanska

{"title":"The 'Double Standard' of Nonproliferation: Regime Type and the U.S. Response to Nuclear Weapons Program","authors":"Alina Shymanska","doi":"10.7290/IJNS040101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/IJNS040101","url":null,"abstract":"There is no doubt that the NPT regime is far from being equal for all states involved. As the predominant hegemonic power since WWII, the United States plays a major role in deciding the fates of non-great power proliferators. This article tries to find the logical explanation of the phenomenon whereby some nuclear proliferators are absolved regardless of their active accumulation of nuclear arsenals while others are labeled as “rogue states” and ordered to disarm. The article suggests that a particular proliferator’s political regime could affect the way in which its state is approached by the U.S., known for its loyalty to democratic values. To check this argument’s feasibility, the author analyzes and compares types of political regimes of proliferators—which refer to non-great powers that commenced their nuclear programs since 1964. The study also shows that alignment with the U.S. and presence or absence of hostility toward the West are also influential factors. Along with the proliferator’s political regime, these factors determine whether the country is necessarily absolved, required to disarm, or heavily punished. The author finds that the U.S. tends to free democratic proliferators from charges, especially those aligned with the U.S., officially or unofficially. In most cases, the autocratic governments are coerced to give up their proliferation ambitions, though an alignment with the U.S. may work as an extenuating circumstance to render the punishment less harmful. The article aims to demonstrate that the U.S.’s tendency to coerce undemocratic de facto nuclear powers, while avoiding coercion against democratic partners, is not a mere “double standard” or bias, but rather, a part of the U.S.’s strategic policy.","PeriodicalId":152302,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Nuclear Engineering (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127517947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ion Distribution Models for Defect Fluorite Zro 2 - AO 1.5 (A = Ln, Y) Solid Solutions: I. Relationship between Lattice Parameter and Composition 缺陷萤石Zro 2 - ao1.5 (A = Ln, Y)固溶体的离子分布模型:I.晶格参数与组成的关系

EngRN: Nuclear Engineering (Topic) Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3614844

A. Bukaemskiy, V. Vinograd, P. Kowalski

{"title":"Ion Distribution Models for Defect Fluorite Zro 2 - AO 1.5 (A = Ln, Y) Solid Solutions: I. Relationship between Lattice Parameter and Composition","authors":"A. Bukaemskiy, V. Vinograd, P. Kowalski","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3614844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3614844","url":null,"abstract":"The composition dependence of the lattice constant, a, in AxB1-xO2-0.5xV0.5x, fluorite-type solid solutions (B = Zr, A = {Nd-Yb, Y}, V = oxygen vacancy) is characterized by changes in slope at x ~ 1/3, which cannot be described by existing models. Moreover, over the range of 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 1/3 the a vs. x data on all systems can be fitted with a linear equation, a = q + rx, with the same intercept, q, however, over the range of 1/3 ≤ x ≤ 1/2 the data bifurcate requiring different intercepts for A={Nd-Gd] and for A={Dy-Yb,Y} systems, implying steeper slopes for the first group. An adequate description is achieved via close-packing models involving two anion species, O2- and V, and three combinations of cation species, namely 8A, 7B, 8B (0 ≤ x ≤ 1/3), 7A, 8A, 7B (1/3 ≤ x ≤ 1/2) and 8A, 6B, 7B (1/3 ≤ x ≤ 1/2), that take into an account the constraint on the average coordination number, K(x), of K(x) = 8 - 2x and two additional short-range order (SRO) constrains referring to vacancy-vacancy avoidance and vacancy-to-Zr association. The consistent fit to a vs. x data with these models requires the effective size of the oxygen vacancy to be larger than the radius of the oxygen anion by ~11%. The latter observation seems to play an important role in the understanding of structure-property relationships in AxB1-xO2-0.5xV0.5x systems.","PeriodicalId":152302,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Nuclear Engineering (Topic)","volume":"484 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132704356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4