{"title":"Focus Annotation of Task-based Data: Establishing the Quality of Crowd Annotation","authors":"K. Kuthy, Ramon Ziai, Walt Detmar Meurers","doi":"10.18653/v1/W16-1713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W16-1713","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the annotation of information structure in German and compare the quality of expert annotation with crowdsourced annotation taking into account the cost of reaching crowd consensus. Concretely, we discuss a crowd-sourcing effort annotating focus in a task-based corpus of German containing reading comprehension questions and answers. Against the backdrop of a gold standard reference resulting from adjudicated expert annotation, we evaluate a crowd sourcing experiment using majority voting to determine a baseline performance. To refine the crowd-sourcing setup, we introduce the Consensus Cost as a measure of agreement within the crowd. We investigate the usefulness of Consensus Cost as a measure of crowd annotation quality both intrinsically, in relation to the expert gold standard, and extrinsically, by integrating focus annotation information into a system performing Short Answer Assessment taking into account the Consensus Cost. We find that low Consensus Cost in crowd sourcing indicates high quality, though high cost does not necessarily indicate low accuracy but increased variability. Overall, taking Consensus Cost into account improves both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation measures.","PeriodicalId":150065,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Linguistic Annotation Workshop held in\n conjunction with ACL 2016 (LAW-X 2016)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127784519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dependency Annotation Choices: Assessing Theoretical and Practical Issues of Universal Dependencies","authors":"Kim Gerdes, Sylvain Kahane","doi":"10.18653/v1/W16-1715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W16-1715","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to place dependency annotation options on a solid theoretical and applied footing. By verifying the validity of some basic choices of the current dependency reference framework, Universal Dependencies (UD), in a perspective of general annotation principles, we show how some choices can lead to inconsistencies and discontinuities, partly due to UD’s alternation between syntax and semantics. For some constructions, we propose better suited alternative structures with a clear-cut distinction of syntax and semantics. We propose a classification of conception-oriented, annotatororiented, and finally, treebank end-useroriented considerations to be used in the creation of new annotation schemes.","PeriodicalId":150065,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Linguistic Annotation Workshop held in\n conjunction with ACL 2016 (LAW-X 2016)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117251836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}