{"title":"CrN Sputtered Thin Films for Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"M. Arif, Amit Sanger, A. Singh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81469","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand of energy storage device has attracted significant atten-tion toward transition metal nitrides because of their remarkable mechanical, electronic, and catalytic applications. Here, sputtered chromium nitride thin films deposited on steel substrate have been used as a working electrode for supercapacitor application. The deposited columnar CrN thin films show (111) and (200) planes of cubic phase. The electrochemical properties of CrN working electrode exhibit high specific capacitance of 41.8 F/g at the scan rate of 5 mV/s with excellent capacitance retention up to 2000 cycles. The supercapacitive performance of the CrN films suggests the potential application for supercapacitors.","PeriodicalId":148293,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology and Advanced Application of Supercapacitors","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132111356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaogang Sun, Wei Chen, Xu Li, Jie Wang, Hao Hu, Guodong Liang, Yapan Huang, Chengcheng Wei
{"title":"Performance and Applications of Lithium Ion Capacitors","authors":"Xiaogang Sun, Wei Chen, Xu Li, Jie Wang, Hao Hu, Guodong Liang, Yapan Huang, Chengcheng Wei","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80353","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have a wide range of applications in the fields of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) for their both high energy density and high power density. Lithium-ion capacitors have become a potential alternative for next-generation chemical energy storage equipment owing to high energy density, high power density, and excellent cycle performance. The prelithiated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electrode was prepared by internal short circuit (ISC) and doping to intercalate lithium into MWCNTs. SLMP and lithium metal were used as lithium resources, respectively. The prelithiated carbon nanotubes were used as anode and activated carbon electrode as cathode. The capacitors were assembled in a glove box filled with argon. The prelithiated MWCNTs electrode eliminated irreversible capacity and improved substantially electrochemical performance of lithium-ion capacitors.","PeriodicalId":148293,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology and Advanced Application of Supercapacitors","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132219636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transition Metal Oxide-Based Nano-materials for Energy Storage Application","authors":"A. Ray, Atanu Roy, Samik Saha, Sachindranath Das","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80298","url":null,"abstract":"With improvement of global economy, the fatigue of energy becomes inevitable in twenty-first century. It is expected that the increase of world energy requirements will be triple at the end of this century. Thus, there is an imperative need for development of renewable energy sources and storage systems. Among various energy storage systems, supercapacitors are ascertained one of the most significant storage devices. But the development of supercapacitor devices with high power and energy density are the greatest challenges for modern research. In this article, transition metal oxides such as TiO 2 -V 2 O 5 , NiMn 2 O 4 etc. with porous structure are considered as high performance supercapacitors electrode. The effects of its struc-tural, morphological and electrochemical properties have been studied extensively. A TiO 2 -V 2 O 5 and NiMn 2 O 4 based electrode delivered specific capacitance of 310 and 875 F g (cid:1) 1 , respectively at a scan rate 2 mV s (cid:1) 1 . This TiO 2 -V 2 O 5 based asymmetric supercapacitor also exhibits excellent device performance with specific energy 20.18 W h kg (cid:1) 1 at specific power 5.94 kW kg (cid:1) 1 , and retained 88.0% specific capacitance at current density of 10 A g (cid:1) 1 after 5000 cycles.","PeriodicalId":148293,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology and Advanced Application of Supercapacitors","volume":"308 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133848665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. N. Kanakaraj, Paa Kwasi Adusei, Y. Hsieh, Yanbo Fang, N. Alvarez, V. Shanov
{"title":"Fabric-Integrated, Ionic Liquid-Based Supercapacitor as a Tunable and Flexible Power Source","authors":"S. N. Kanakaraj, Paa Kwasi Adusei, Y. Hsieh, Yanbo Fang, N. Alvarez, V. Shanov","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80693","url":null,"abstract":"With the introduction of flexible and wearable electronic technologies such as displays, antenna’s, etc., there has been an increased need for integrable, easily scalable, and safe electric power sources. Advances in flexible lithium-ion batteries have been recently reported, however they may still suffer from potential thermal runaways. In this chapter we review the progress in the topic of wearable energy storage devices. These devices have taken the form of both sheets and fibers entirely made of active material. We also discuss the advantages and drawbacks of each forms. Finally, we present our own work revealing a simplistic way to integrate working carbon electrode materials into suitable textile and to functionalize the obtained flexible structure with ionic liquid thus creating fabric supercapacitors. These devices can then be connected easily in series (9 V) or in parallel (high cur-rent), depending on the current or voltage requirements. The area of the electrodes can also be tuned to sustain higher capacitances. We report an energy density of 48 Wh/kg for a functional device at 3 V working window, which reveals no losses in energy density after 10,000 bending cycles.","PeriodicalId":148293,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology and Advanced Application of Supercapacitors","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114891611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbon-Based Composites for Supercapacitor","authors":"Mohmmad Khalid, Prerna A. Bhardwaj, H. Varela","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80393","url":null,"abstract":"Supercapacitor is an emerging technology that promises to play an advance role in new generation electronic devices and systems. Carbon (activated carbon, graphene and carbon nanotube) have attracted tremendous attention for their potential applications in supercapacitor technologies due to their excellent mechanical strength, good electrical conductivity, high electron mobilities, excellent chemical stability in acidic and basic medium, good thermal stability in wide range of temperature, various morphological structures, and large specific surface area. This chapter aims to assess the current status of carbon nanomaterials and their composites for supercapacitor application by discussing the literature in this field and presenting a perspective for future research in supercapacitor technologies.","PeriodicalId":148293,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology and Advanced Application of Supercapacitors","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127820086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Evaluation and Control Strategy Comparison of Supercapacitors for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle","authors":"E. Wang, M. Ouyang, Fujun Zhang, Changlu Zhao","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80948","url":null,"abstract":"Electrification of powertrain system is a great technical progress of traditional vehicle, leading to a significant reduction of fuel consumption and emission pollution. Energy storage system (ESS) normally consisting of batteries is a key component of an electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle. An ESS can recover braking energy during the regenerative braking process. Currently, lithium-ion batteries are the main energy storage device due to their high energy density. However, sometimes, a sudden large increase of operation current is required during acceleration or regenerative braking processes, which will jeopardize the operation life of batteries. A supercapacitor takes advantage of high power density and can tolerate large current in a short time. Application of supercapacitor in an ESS can reduce the peak current of batteries effectively, and the life time of batteries can be extended. Meanwhile, the braking energy can also be recovered sufficiently. Supercapacitors can be used solely in some hybrid electric vehicles. In this chapter, the application of supercapacitors in electric vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles is reviewed briefly. Then, the performance of a series hybrid transit bus, which uses a compressed natural gas engine and supercapacitors as power sources, is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":148293,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology and Advanced Application of Supercapacitors","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116637015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paa Kwasi Adusei, Y. Hsieh, S. N. Kanakaraj, Yanbo Fang, Kevin S. Johnson, N. Alvarez, V. Shanov
{"title":"Fiber Supercapacitors Based on Carbon Nanotube-PANI Composites","authors":"Paa Kwasi Adusei, Y. Hsieh, S. N. Kanakaraj, Yanbo Fang, Kevin S. Johnson, N. Alvarez, V. Shanov","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80487","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible and wearable electronic devices are of a high academic and industrial interest. In order to power these devices, there is a need for compatible energy storage units that can exhibit similar mechanical flexibility. Fiber-based devices have thus become increasingly popular since their light-weight, and flexible structure can be easily integrated into textiles. Supercapacitors have garnered a lot of attention due to their excellent cycling durability, fast charge times and superior power density. The primary challenge, however, with electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs), which are part of the supercapacitor family, is that their energy densities are significantly lower compared to those of batteries. Pseudocapacitors, on the other hand, can be designed and created with large energy densities and other outstanding properties typical for supercapacitors. This chapter discusses the fabrication and testing of supercapacitors based on carbon nanotube-polyaniline (PANI) composite fibers. These flexible and light-weight devices are assembled using different electrolytes for comparison. The created in this work PANI-CNT composite devices attain an energy density of 6.16 Wh/kg at a power density of 630 W/kg and retained a capacitance of 88% over 1000 charge-discharge cycles.","PeriodicalId":148293,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology and Advanced Application of Supercapacitors","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131285179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deterioration Factors of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Obtained from Voltage Hold Test","authors":"D. Tashima","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79260","url":null,"abstract":"A chemical analysis was carried out before and after a constant voltage hold test (applied at 2.5, 2.8, 3.0, and 3.2 V individually for 1 week) that was an acceleration deterioration examination to clarify the deterioration factors of electric double-layer capacitors. The results showed that the stress test slightly raised the internal resistances and decreased the capacitances. It was also confirmed that a range of fluorochemicals was formed on the electrode surface for approximately 10–13 nm in depth using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. From a chemical analysis of the electrolyte using an inductively coupling plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), it was confirmed that the electrolyte included Si, which is an ingredient element of an electrode, and that the increase in the holding voltage during the stress test decreased the Si density in the electrolyte.","PeriodicalId":148293,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology and Advanced Application of Supercapacitors","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134151405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}