{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Chemistry and Biological Activity of Steroids - Scope and Overview","authors":"M. Silva, J. Salvador","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145245,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Biological Activity of Steroids","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129339981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Steroid-Based Supramolecular Systems and their Biomedical Applications: Biomolecular Recognition and Transportation","authors":"Ruilong Sheng","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.86752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86752","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the biomedical application of steroid-based compounds at “beyond the molecule”—supramolecular level—is reviewed. The renewable and economic natural steroid compounds could be employed as building blocks in the design and construction of steroid-based supramolecular systems. The specific physicochemical features (size, shape, topology, hydrophobicity, chemical modifiability, etc.) and biological properties (biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioaffinity, etc.) could be integrated into functional supramolecular systems by chemical synthesis, modification and intermolecular interactions (such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, van der Waals forces, inclusion interactions, chiral interactions, electrostatic interactions, and so on). The steroid-based (supra)molecules could be employed for molecular recognition and/or be self-assembled into various functional supramolecular assemblies for biomedical applications. The specific physicochemical and biological properties, good biocompatibility, and biological activity endow the steroid-based supramolecular systems good feasibility to be employed in biomolecular recognition/sensing and biomolecular transportation (gene/drug delivery). The examples in this chapter are exemplificative of the transformation of natural steroid-based compounds into functional steroid-based supramolecular systems through molecular and supramolecular engineering technology, moreover, which may inspire the systematic study of natural product-based supramolecular (nano)materials toward future pharmaceutical and biomedical industry.","PeriodicalId":145245,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Biological Activity of Steroids","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131634306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biotransformation of Steroids Using Different Microorganisms","authors":"Arturo Cano-Flores, J. Gómez, R. Ramos","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85849","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of a hydroxyl group “biohydroxylation” in the steroid skeleton is an important step in the synthesis of new steroids used physiologically as hormones and active drugs. There are currently about 300 known steroid drugs whose production constitutes the second category within the pharmaceutical market after antibiotics. Several biotransformations at industrial scale have been applied in the production of steroid hormones and drugs, which have functionalized different types of raw materials by means of chemo -, regio- , and stereo selective reactions (hydroxylation, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, oxidation reactions, reduction of group carbonyl, isomerization, and Michael additions, condensation reactions, among others). In Green Chemistry, biotransformations are an important chemical methodology toward more sustainable industrial processes.","PeriodicalId":145245,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Biological Activity of Steroids","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123630534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estrone Sulfatase Inhibitors as New Anticancer Agents","authors":"Svetlana N. Morozkina, Alexander G. Shavva","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85850","url":null,"abstract":"Enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS) is considered as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of hormone-dependent oncological diseases such as breast, endometrial, prostate cancers, and endometriosis. The discovery of potent and irreversible STS inhibitors stimulated huge efforts of preclinical and clinical work. Various STS inhibitors such as steroid sulfamate, steroid nonsulfamate, nonsteroidal sulfamate, and nonsteroidal nonsulfamate-based inhibitors have been developed. In the review known STS inhibitors from the point of view of their safety, side-effects and perspectives for clinical application are considered. Among STS inhibitors several dual (multitargeted) compounds have huge potential being nonestrogenic and acting in nanomolar levels on the targets. The dual aromatase-sulfatase inhibitors (DASI) approach has a great potential when a synergy between STS and aromatase inhibition is expected and, thus it could address acquired resistance mechanisms. Among STS inhibitors based on steroid skeleton 17 α -benzyl-, 17 β -arylsulfonamides, 17-diisopropylcarbamoyl-3-O-sulfamates exhibit the best properties, especially as dual anticancer potential drugs. The same modifications result in the increased activity against STS in 2-OMe-3-O-sulfamates as well as 2-OMe-3, 17 β -bissulfamates, which are also active against triple negative breast cancer. 8 α -Steroid estrogen analogs without estrogenic properties also possess high STS-inhibitory activity and block breast cancer cells growth with the activity comparable to tamoxifen.","PeriodicalId":145245,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Biological Activity of Steroids","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126623165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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