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Thermal Resistance Properties of Polyurethanes and Its Composites 聚氨酯及其复合材料的耐热性能
Thermosoftening Plastics Pub Date : 2019-11-08 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.87039
J. Q. Amado
{"title":"Thermal Resistance Properties of Polyurethanes and Its Composites","authors":"J. Q. Amado","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.87039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87039","url":null,"abstract":"The nature of starting materials and the condition of polyurethane (PU) preparation are regarded as the main general parameters that determine PU thermal resistance. The effect of structure and presence of additives were identified as the major general factors on this regard. Structural factors include phase microstructure, i.e., chemical structure, proportion, and segregation of soft and hard segments, polyol type (petrochemical or natural oil-based), isocyanate and chain extender type, and thermoplasticity of PU. In respect to the effect of additives, the incorporation of fillers is the most direct strategy to increase PU heat resistance. With respect to fiber additives, in general a positive effect is found on improving thermal resistance, although this generalization could not apply, considering the large number of different PU and environmental conditions of usage.","PeriodicalId":143510,"journal":{"name":"Thermosoftening Plastics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132241027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Multi-Field Synergy Process for Polymer Plasticization: A Novel Design Concept for Screw to Facilitate Phase-to-Phase Thermal and Molecular Mobility 聚合物增塑化的多场协同过程:一种新的螺杆设计概念，以促进相与相的热迁移和分子迁移
Thermosoftening Plastics Pub Date : 2019-10-11 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89616
Ranran Jian, Hongbo Chen, Weimin Yang
{"title":"Multi-Field Synergy Process for Polymer Plasticization: A Novel Design Concept for Screw to Facilitate Phase-to-Phase Thermal and Molecular Mobility","authors":"Ranran Jian, Hongbo Chen, Weimin Yang","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89616","url":null,"abstract":"A novel concept of screw design has been proposed considering the multi-field synergy principle to facilitate phase-to-phase thermal and molecular mobility; subsequently, a torsion element has been designed. This new screw design allows an innovative and effective way to resolve a growing challenge in polymer process engineering, especially for nanocomposites or biopolymers, that is, an inadequate control of mass transfer and thermal management for multicomponent melt flows through narrow channels during extrusion or injection. The adaption of torsion element in the screw facilitated the plasticization mixing and thermal distribution in polymer melts, and the torsional flow induced by the torsion elements shows a synergistic effect on the melt-phase mass flow and the thermal flow field. The latter effect enhances the mass and heat transfer of heterogeneous polymer systems and realizes effective heat management to achieve properly uniform temperature field.","PeriodicalId":143510,"journal":{"name":"Thermosoftening Plastics","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123317227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cellulose-Based Thermoplastics and Elastomers via Controlled Radical Polymerization 通过可控自由基聚合制备纤维素基热塑性塑料和弹性体
Thermosoftening Plastics Pub Date : 2019-09-28 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89436
F. Jiang, Fenfen Wang, Chenqian Pan, Yanxiong Fang
{"title":"Cellulose-Based Thermoplastics and Elastomers via Controlled Radical Polymerization","authors":"F. Jiang, Fenfen Wang, Chenqian Pan, Yanxiong Fang","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89436","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is concerned with the recent progress in cellulose-based thermoplastic plastics and elastomers via homogeneous controlled radical polymerizations (CRPs), including atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and nitroxidemediated polymerization (NMP). The first section is a brief introduction of cellulose and cellulose graft copolymers. The second section is recent developments in cellulose graft copolymers synthesized by CRPs. The third part is a perspective on design and applications of novel cellulose-based materials. The combination of cellulose and CRPs can provide new opportunities for sustainable materials ranging from thermoplastics to elastomers, and these fascinating materials can find a pyramid of applications in our daily life in the near future.","PeriodicalId":143510,"journal":{"name":"Thermosoftening Plastics","volume":"23 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133364600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Thermoplastic Recycling: Properties, Modifications, and Applications 热塑性塑料回收:性能、改性和应用
Thermosoftening Plastics Pub Date : 2019-09-27 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81614
T. O. Azeez
{"title":"Thermoplastic Recycling: Properties, Modifications, and Applications","authors":"T. O. Azeez","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.81614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81614","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing rate of plastic waste generation coupled with undesirable disposal, especially in the urban areas, has resulted to environmental threat in the globe which has been attributed to legislation, poor biodegradability, economic growth, rural to urban migration, increase in consumption, and standard or cost of living. This chapter will focus on overview, properties of virgin and recycled thermoplastics, recycling techniques, and applications of different types of thermoplastic articles such as HDPE, LDPE, PVC, PET, and polypropylene (PP) with improved properties based on modifications using eco-friendly materials for sustainable applications in order to save human existence from the menace of environmental and economic issues.","PeriodicalId":143510,"journal":{"name":"Thermosoftening Plastics","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124770941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Processing and Properties of Plastic Lumber 塑料木材的加工和性能
Thermosoftening Plastics Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82819
F. D. Santos, L. B. Canto, Ana L. N. Silva, L. Visconte, Elen B. A. V. Pacheco
{"title":"Processing and Properties of Plastic Lumber","authors":"F. D. Santos, L. B. Canto, Ana L. N. Silva, L. Visconte, Elen B. A. V. Pacheco","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82819","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic residue can be processed into composites using wood flour, mineral fillers, plant or synthetic fibers to obtain plastic lumber, a substitute material for natural wood. The composition and processing conditions are largely responsible for the final characteristics of the plastic lumber. Factors such as density, particle size and moisture content in the material to be processed require extruders with specific technical characteristics, in order to reduce the residence time of the plastic inside the equipment, maintain a constant feed rate and ensure good degassing and homogenization of the components. The composites can be manufactured using single-screw, co- or counter-rotating conical or parallel twin-screw extruders. Plastic lumber exhibits different physical and mechanical properties from natural wood, including lower stiffness (elastic modulus) and superior weathering resistance.","PeriodicalId":143510,"journal":{"name":"Thermosoftening Plastics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132122750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Recycled Polypropylene-Coffee Husk and Coir Coconut Biocomposites: Morphological, Mechanical, Thermal and Environmental Studies 再生聚丙烯-咖啡壳和椰壳生物复合材料:形态学、力学、热学和环境研究
Thermosoftening Plastics Pub Date : 2018-11-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81635
M. A. Hidalgo-Salazar, Juan P. Correa-Aguirre, Juan M. Montalvo-Navarrete, Diego Fernando Lopez-Rodriguez, A. F. Rojas-González
{"title":"Recycled Polypropylene-Coffee Husk and Coir Coconut Biocomposites: Morphological, Mechanical, Thermal and Environmental Studies","authors":"M. A. Hidalgo-Salazar, Juan P. Correa-Aguirre, Juan M. Montalvo-Navarrete, Diego Fernando Lopez-Rodriguez, A. F. Rojas-González","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81635","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, biocomposites based on recycled polypropylene (r-PP) and two different natural fibers (coffee husk-CHF and coconut coir-CCF fibers) were prepared using extrusion and injection molding processes. Also, the addition of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent on the biocomposites was explored. Recycled polypropylene and its biocomposites were tested following ASTM standards in order to evaluate tensile and flexural mechanical properties. Also, thermal behavior and the morphology of these materials have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that the addition of CHF and CCF to the r-PP resulted in an increase in the flexural modulus and thermal properties of the composites but resulted in poor impact properties. Thermal characterization showed that CHF possesses a better thermal stability compared to CCF. However, both fibers act as nucleating agents and generate an increase in the thermal stability of the r-PP phase. Finally, it was observed that addition of 4% of MAPP significantly improved the mechanical strength and impact behavior of the biocomposites. Regarding environmental issues, a cradle to gate life cycle assessment was made in order to define the carbon footprint of the materials.","PeriodicalId":143510,"journal":{"name":"Thermosoftening Plastics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129968721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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