ERN: Urban Economics (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Urban Bias Revisited: Evidence from China's Fiscal Policy Reforms","authors":"Andrew Macdonald","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2024192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2024192","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that the Chinese central government has fully abandoned the previous policy of an urban bias in resource distribution. Party doctrine for much of the Maoist era sought to take the economic surplus from the countryside and use it to feed the industrialization of the urban areas. In the immediate post Maoist period, each locality was assigned fixed revenue targets by the government and was able to keep any surplus, allowing many non-urban areas to rapidly grow wealthy (sometimes at the expense of urban areas). In 1994, the central government recentralized revenue collection and began to redistribute the funds collected as grants to various local governments. This new fiscal power again allowed the central government to dictate whether China would have a pro- or anti- urban policy. Using statistical data from the Ministry of Finance, I argue that China now has, if anything, a pro-rural fiscal policy. The implications of this finding touch on issues of democratization, interest group power, and distributional politics.","PeriodicalId":143269,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Urban Economics (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123368909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"City: Utility, Measurability, Preferability","authors":"I. Shafranskaya, D. Potapov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2007253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2007253","url":null,"abstract":"One of the basic principles of successful place marketing and branding is the thoughtful analysis of target groups needs and preferences. Many authors show favour to the city residents as the core target group. The residents may also be segmented into the smaller groups, and in some cases successful strategies are targeted to the needs of this very specific group of citizens. One of such groups – the so-called creative class – became very popular among practitioners as a primary target group for place marketing and branding. The purpose of the paper is to compare creative and non-creative class in terms of their preferences of particular attributes, which describe a city as a whole.Design/methodology/approach: To answer research questions we describe the city in the terms of its attributes and measure preferences over these attributes (part-worths) with the help of specific conjoint analysis technique: hierarchical information integration (HII) approach, proposed by Louviere (Louviere, 1984). This technique is targeted to solve conjoint tasks with a large number of attributes. To describe the city we have chosen 4 sets of attributes (Urbanity and Diversity; City Comfort and Safety; Economic Development and Job Chances; City Facilities). Each set contains 4 attributes and each attribute has 2 or 3 levels of quality. HII approach implies building orthogonal experimental design for each set of attributes. Special bridge design is used to combine these sets. Then estimations of part-worths are calculated on the basis of linear additive model of total utility.Findings: Using the proposed analytical methodology we have measured part-worths of the above-mentioned attributes and modelled residents’ preferences as trade-offs among multiattributive alternatives on the sample of 129 respondents (61 - creative class representatives and 68 – non-creative class representatives). Simultaneously we have estimated the perceived quality level of each attribute for the city of Perm, Russia. Then we compared the preferences of different target groups using these estimations.Limitations: The results provide the evidences particularly interesting for the non-capital cities of Russia for the more effective process of city marketing, targeting and strategic development. Practical implication: The finding may be applied in the sphere of strategic planning of city development, when marketing approach is used and the core target group is the creative class.","PeriodicalId":143269,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Urban Economics (Topic)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132852849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Agglomeration Effects and Accessibility on Wages","authors":"Anna Matas, J. Raymond, Josep-Lluís Roig","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1953545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1953545","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the effects of agglomeration and road accessibility on productivity of firms by looking at the case of Spain. We approach productivity indirectly by using individual wages allocated at the NUTS III level. We use a repeated cross-section of individual micro-data for the years 1995, 2002 and 2006. The availability of interprovincial travel time data for each of the three years allows controlling for transport improvements over the period by using a market potential variable. Additionally, agglomeration is approached by employment density and we control for localization economies, human capital externalities and a large set of individual and workplace characteristics. Estimating by instrumental variables, our results show a positive and significant effect of market accessibility on wages and non linear effect for employment density.","PeriodicalId":143269,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Urban Economics (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130443219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pricing of Specific Real Estate Market Risks for 66 Countries Worldwide","authors":"Karsten Lieser","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1941293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1941293","url":null,"abstract":"I address the construction of hurdle rates for 66 countries that adequately compensate investors for the specific real estate market risks involved when investing, operating and exiting a foreign market. To estimate the market-based framework, I run random-effect panel regressions over a six-year period (2004-2009) using IPD direct property market returns and a recently developed, integral composite index that takes into account all real estate market and investment-specific conditions. The regression results demonstrate that an increased perception of risk and instability in the countries’ socio-economic conditions and institutional frameworks imply higher investor return expectations. Finally, the results provide international investors with an absolute hurdle rate that prices the risks and opportunities of national real estate markets and guides investors in the decision between a core, value-add, or opportunistic investment strategy.","PeriodicalId":143269,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Urban Economics (Topic)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127052938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowding Perception in a Tourist City: A Question of Preference","authors":"Bart Neuts, P. Nijkamp","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1938174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1938174","url":null,"abstract":"Two main topics are analyzed in this paper: a crowding model for an urban destination is tested by the use of a binary logistic model in order to identify the variables influencing crowding perception; and the inherent negativity of the crowding concept, as is often assumed, is examined through association statistics. The results confirmed that personal and behavioral variables have a larger effect on the perception of crowding than use-level. Furthermore, the relationship between crowding and experience, while significantly negative, could only be found in respondents with a preference for low, and a perception of high, use-levels, while for the majority of individuals the perception of a certain crowding level did not lead to a negative evaluation of the conditions. This proves that the concept of crowding cannot be assumed to be implicitly negative, and needs individual preferences to be fully understood.","PeriodicalId":143269,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Urban Economics (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122119141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting Future Trends in Dubai Housing Market by Using Box - Jenkins Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average","authors":"Ali Hepşen, Metin Vatansever","doi":"10.1108/17538271111153004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538271111153004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - It is important to forecast index series to identify future rises, falls, and turning points in the property market. From the point of this necessity and importance, the main purpose of this paper is to forecast the future trends in Dubai housing market. Design/methodology/approach - This paper uses the monthly time series of Reidin.com Dubai Residential Property Price Index (DRPPI) data. In order to forecast the future trends in Dubai housing market, Box-Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting method is utilized. Findings - The results of the ARIMA modeling clearly indicate that average monthly percentage increase in the Reidin.com DRPPI will be 0.23 percent during the period January 2011-December 2011. That is a 2.44 percent increase in the index for the same period. Practical implications - Reidin.com residential property price index is a crucial tool to measure Dubai's real estate market. Based on the current index values or past trend, real estate investors (i.e. developers and constructors) decide to start new projects. Attempts have also been made in the past to forecast index series to identify future rises, falls, and turning points in the property market. The results of this paper would also help government and property investors for creating more effective property management strategies in Dubai. Originality/value - There is no previous study analyzing the future trends in Dubai housing market. At this point, the paper is the first academic study that identifies this relationship.","PeriodicalId":143269,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Urban Economics (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129443279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slum Clearance and Urban Renewal in the United States","authors":"W. Collins, K. Shester","doi":"10.1257/APP.5.1.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/APP.5.1.239","url":null,"abstract":"The Housing Act of 1949 established a federally subsidized program that helped cities clear areas of existing buildings for redevelopment, rehabilitate deteriorating structures, complete comprehensive city plans, and enforce building codes. The program ended in 1974, but not before financing over 2,100 urban renewal projects and generating great controversy. We use an instrumental variable strategy to estimate the programi?½s effects on city-level outcomes. The estimates are generally positive and economically significant and are not driven by differential changes in citiesi?½ demographic composition. We caution that the results do not imply that the program was an equitable or optimal approach to dealing with central-city problems.","PeriodicalId":143269,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Urban Economics (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126145282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Economic Zones","authors":"S. Prikhodko, N. Volovik, A. Hecht, B. Sharpe, Michael Mandres","doi":"10.1628/978-3-16-154984-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/978-3-16-154984-7","url":null,"abstract":"The work is concerned with free economic zones classification and basic principles of operation. Foreign experience of free economic zones creation is regarded. Considerable attention is paid to the his\u0001 tory of free economic zones organization in Russia. The main causes of failures of their implementation are analyzed. At present the work on creation of special economic zones of main types – industrial and production, innovation and technological, tourist and recreation \u0001 has started in Russia. The main part of the work is devoted to Canadian experience of regional development.","PeriodicalId":143269,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Urban Economics (Topic)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126431264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cruise Tourism Externalities and Residents' Support: A Generalized Ordered Logit Analysis","authors":"J. Brida, G. del Chiappa, M. Meleddu, M. Pulina","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1994246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1994246","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates residents' preferences towards cruise tourism investment in their home port. The research uses data collected during the peak cruise season in 2011 at Messina, a port of call in Sicily, Italy. A generalized ordered logit analysis is run to analyse what factors influence the residents' preferences towards investment in cruise tourism. Positive and negative externalities produced by this economic activity, as well as socio-demographic and economic determinants are taken into account. Overall, the resource investment choice of residents in Messina was dependent upon: their income dependency on the cruise activity, their own personal cruise experience, family size, the expected increase in welfare (i.e. increase in public and private investment), whether they are affected by urban and rural gentrification and the value placed on community life style and heritage conservation. Nevertheless, residents would tend to decrease investments in cruise activity if they are female, retired or perceive the environment to be deteriorating. Implications for policy makers are drawn from the empirical findings.","PeriodicalId":143269,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Urban Economics (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123934372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}