Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions最新文献

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Raman Fiber Laser–Based Amplification in Telecommunications 基于拉曼光纤激光的电信放大
Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions Pub Date : 2018-07-25 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73632
M. Tan
{"title":"Raman Fiber Laser–Based Amplification in Telecommunications","authors":"M. Tan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73632","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter demonstrates a detailed study of Raman fiber laser (RFL)-based amplification techniques and their applications in long-haul/unrepeatered coherent transmission systems. RFL-based amplification techniques are investigated from signal/noise power distributions, relative intensity noise (RIN), and fiber laser mode structures. RFL-based amplification techniques can be divided into two categories according to the fiber laser generation mechanism: cavity Raman fiber laser with two fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and random distributed feedback (DFB) Raman fiber laser using one FBG. In addition, in cavity fiber laser–based amplification, reducing the reflectivity near the input helps mitigate the signal RIN, thanks to the reduced efficiency of the Stokes shift from the secondorder pump. To evaluate the transmission performance, different RFL-based amplifiers were optimized in long-haul coherent transmission systems. Cavity fiber laser–based amplifier introduces >4.15 dB Q factor penalty, because the signal RIN is transferred from the second-order pump. However, random DFB fiber laser–based amplifier prevents the RIN transfer and therefore enables bidirectional second-order pumping, which gives the longest transmission distance up to 7915 km. In addition, using random DFB laserbased amplification achieves the distance of >350 km single mode fiber in unrepeatered DP-QPSK transmission.","PeriodicalId":138705,"journal":{"name":"Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127841052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introductory Chapter: A Revisit to Optical Amplifiers 导论章:光放大器重访
Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions Pub Date : 2018-07-25 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78671
P. Choudhury
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: A Revisit to Optical Amplifiers","authors":"P. Choudhury","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78671","url":null,"abstract":"The modern age of information may be regarded as the era of fastand high-bandwidth communication, which exploits fiber-optic communication system. Transmission of signals spanning distances of over thousands of kilometers essentially cause signal degradation. Due to varieties of loss mechanisms in the medium (the optical channel used for transmission), there happens gradual attenuation in the power of signals being transmitted, as those propagate through a communication channel. Clearly, the attenuation imposed by the medium remains a serious issue that affects light propagating ultra-long distances through a fiberoptic cable (the communication link). The degradation of signal must be overcome, which makes the utilization of the process of amplification (of signal) vital. Further, in order for the information carried by a signal to be detectable at the receiving end, there must be a minimum amount of threshold power, which the signal must possess. As such, optical amplifiers, which would incorporate optical fibers and/or waveguides, remain indispensable in fiber-optic communication systems owing to the limitations imposed by the transmission channels/systems. These limitations would arrive in the form of fiber loss and dispersion, which are usually overcome by exploiting varieties of amplifiers. In reality, loss and dispersion are related to each other [1], which can be well-understood upon giving a thought to a pulse shape—more broad a pulse becomes (causing dispersion), more will be the decrease in power (causing loss), and vice-versa.","PeriodicalId":138705,"journal":{"name":"Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116900987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Quantum Dot-Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (QD-SOA): Dynamics and Applications 量子点半导体光放大器(QD-SOA):动力学与应用
Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions Pub Date : 2018-07-25 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74655
Y. B. Ezra, B. Lembrikov
{"title":"Quantum Dot-Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (QD-SOA): Dynamics and Applications","authors":"Y. B. Ezra, B. Lembrikov","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74655","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum dot-semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOA) attracted strong interest for applications in optical communications and in all-optical signal processing due to their high operation rate, strong nonlinearity, small gain recovery time of about few picosec- onds, broadband gain, low injection current and low noise figure (NF). In this chapter, we present the theoretical investigation of the gain recovery time acceleration in DQ SOA; the specific features of the cross gain modulation (XGM) in QD-SOA; the influence of the optical injection on the dynamics of QD-SOA based on the QD in a well (QDWELL) structure. We describe the following applications of QD-SOA: the all-optical ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse generation based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with a QD-SOA; the ultra-fast all-optical signal processor based on QD-SOA-MZI; the ultra-fast all-optical memory based on QD-SOA. The contents of the chapter are mainly based on the original results. that the proposed memory is characterized by high operation rate up to 100 Gb = s due to the QD-SOA fast dynamics and in particular rapid gain recovery process. Evaluations show that for the 4 PAM modulation format, l ¼ 1 km light velocity in the optical fiber v ≈ 2 (cid:4) 10 8 m = s and typical values of the bit rate of 50 Gb = s and 100 Gb = s the memory storage values are 0 : 25 Mb and 0 : 5 Mb , respectively. The corresponding storage times are 5 μ s and 10 μ s , respectively.","PeriodicalId":138705,"journal":{"name":"Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123590501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Fiber Lasers and Their Medical Applications 光纤激光器及其医疗应用
Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions Pub Date : 2018-07-25 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76610
Amira Tandirovic Gursel
{"title":"Fiber Lasers and Their Medical Applications","authors":"Amira Tandirovic Gursel","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76610","url":null,"abstract":"Advancing of photonics, aided with fruitful and abundant experimental and theoretical studies, over the last four decades has brought about the invention of a large variety of lasers. Among them one of the most popular types is a fiber laser, which is a variation of the standard solid-state laser, with the medium being a clad fiber waveguide structure and different dopants inside core serve as a gain media. They were derived from erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers, which are still important component for telecommunications. Since discovery, fiber laser has become a natural choice for many uses, primarily because of the physical characteristics of fiber waveguide structure. Their rapid progress may show how excellent they really are. Although fiber lasers are today widely used in various research and industrial areas, one of the most meaningful applications of fiber laser technology has been through its use in medicine. A wide variety of wavelengths generated by fiber lasers as well as the diversity of physical mechanisms employed in pulse generation also additionally underpins the flexibility of fiber laser technology. This study is devoted to background technology of fiber lasers in the light of medical applications. Basic physics and theories of optical fibers and their important properties are introduced.","PeriodicalId":138705,"journal":{"name":"Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129095729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Parametric Amplifiers in Optical Communication Systems: From Fundamentals to Applications 光通信系统中的参数放大器:从基础到应用
Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions Pub Date : 2018-03-14 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73696
Jing Huang
{"title":"Parametric Amplifiers in Optical Communication Systems: From Fundamentals to Applications","authors":"Jing Huang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73696","url":null,"abstract":"Optical parametric amplifiers (PAs) utilize highly efficient nonlinear effects in an optical fiber and they have the ability to operate in phase-sensitive mode. The inclusion of PAs in optical systems can give an ultimate limit for lumped amplified links in terms of achiev- able signal to noise ratio. The drawback is the complexity stemming from the requirement of phase matching a number of waves at each amplifier, phase lock, and the extra spec- trum consumed by idler waves. In this chapter, the theories of a parametric amplifier, including the quantum-optical equations, are given. The properties of the gain saturation and the noise figure are presented. Practical amplifier systems and their applications in phase-sensitive amplification, all-optical signal regeneration, and squeeze state generation are outlined. zero (CSRZ) modulation. Experiments are performed with driving frequencies 20 and 40 GHz. The sideband separation is twice the driving frequency of the modulator, while power at the carrier frequency is typically 23 dB below that of either sideband. A FBG is used to further suppress light at the carrier frequency in the pump path to (cid:1) 38 dB and to minimize interference in the DPSK signal when the waves are mixed.","PeriodicalId":138705,"journal":{"name":"Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129685992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Quantum Noise in Optical Amplifiers 光放大器中的量子噪声
Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72992
K. Inoue
{"title":"Quantum Noise in Optical Amplifiers","authors":"K. Inoue","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72992","url":null,"abstract":"Noise is one of the basic characteristics of optical amplifiers. Whereas there are various noise sources, the intrinsic one is quantum noise that originates from Heisenberg ’ s uncertainty principle. This chapter describes quantum noise in optical amplifiers, including population- inversion – based amplifiers such as an Erbium-doped fiber amplifier and a semiconductor optical amplifier, and optical parametric amplifiers. A full quantum mechanical treatment is developed based on Heisenberg equation of motion for quantum mechanical operators. The results provide the quantum mechanical basis for a classical picture of amplifier noise widely used in the optical communication field.","PeriodicalId":138705,"journal":{"name":"Optical Amplifiers - A Few Different Dimensions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128993905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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