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Reduction of Organic Pollutants with Recovery of Value-Added Products From Soda Black Liquor of Agricultural Residues by Electrolysis 电解法回收农业废渣碱黑液中高附加值产品减少有机污染物
July 2009 Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.32964/tj8.7.4
H. R. Ghatak
{"title":"Reduction of Organic Pollutants with Recovery of Value-Added Products From Soda Black Liquor of Agricultural Residues by Electrolysis","authors":"H. R. Ghatak","doi":"10.32964/tj8.7.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj8.7.4","url":null,"abstract":"Batch electrolysis experiments were carried out on soda black liquors from agricultural residues at different interelectrode potentials. At low potential, the process was slow but energy-efficient, providing partial COD removal. It produced lignin at the anode with the exclusion of oxygen evolution. Hydrogen was produced at the cathode as a value-added product. At high interelectrode potential, the nascent oxygen produced at the anode led to oxidation of the organics. With prolonged electrolysis, complete removal of COD was possible, with a solution of sodium carbonate remaining. Low-potential electrolysis required about 2000 J of electricity per gram of COD removed, producing 180–190 mL hydrogen and approximately 0.55 g lignin. Electricity requirement per gram of COD removed in high-potential electrolysis varied from approximately 17,700 J at 1.5 V to approximately 149,000 J at 12 V. Approximately 1365 mL of hydrogen was produced for every gram of COD removed.","PeriodicalId":134391,"journal":{"name":"July 2009","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126216782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Highly Substituted Cationic Starch as an Anionic Trash Catcher for High-Yield Pulp 高取代阳离子淀粉作为高得率纸浆的阴离子垃圾捕收剂
July 2009 Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.32964/tj8.7.31
Hongjie Zhang, Huiren Hu, Zhibin He, Y. Ni
{"title":"Highly Substituted Cationic Starch as an Anionic Trash Catcher for High-Yield Pulp","authors":"Hongjie Zhang, Huiren Hu, Zhibin He, Y. Ni","doi":"10.32964/tj8.7.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj8.7.31","url":null,"abstract":"High-yield pulp (HYP) and recycled fibers containing anionic trash are being used increasingly in the manufacture of various paper grades. Traditionally, anionic trash catchers (ATCs), such as PEI, CPAM, and poly-DADMAC, are used to minimize the anionic trash problem. In this work, we studied an alternative ATC, highly substi-tuted cationic starch (HS-CS). We determined the efficiency of HS-CS with different degrees of substitution of 0.57-0.97 in furnish containing dissolved colloidal substances (DCS). Flocculation behavior was also demonstrated in a dynamic drainage jar (DDJ). The results showed that HS-CS is a very good ATC. With the addition of HS-CS, the neg-ative effects of DCS on the microparticle retention system can be minimized and the effectiveness of retention aids can be improved. The results from the dynamic flocculation experiments support the same conclusion.","PeriodicalId":134391,"journal":{"name":"July 2009","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131385620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
New Method for Measuring Colorimetric Properties of FWA-Treated Paper fwa处理纸比色性能的新测定方法
July 2009 Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.32964/tj8.7.11
K. Imura
{"title":"New Method for Measuring Colorimetric Properties of FWA-Treated Paper","authors":"K. Imura","doi":"10.32964/tj8.7.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj8.7.11","url":null,"abstract":"A new method is proposed for measuring the total spectral radiance factor B(λ), from which all colorimetric values are derived, of paper treated by FWA (fluorescent whitening agent) illuminated by a specific standard illuminant. The method replaces unstable real fluorescent standards by bi-spectral luminescent radiance factor data that works as virtual fluorescent standards. This method was used to measure total spectral radiance factors by two illuminants for fluorescent standard paper supplied by STFI, and the ISO brightness and CIE whiteness were derived from them. The values agreed with values assigned by STFI well enough to prove the validity of the method. Total spectral radiance factors of four FWA-treated papers with fluorescence eliminated or suppressed were also measured by the method and those colorimetric values were derived from them.","PeriodicalId":134391,"journal":{"name":"July 2009","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131210906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retaining Surface Fibrillation of Wet-Beaten Wood Pulp in the Dry State 湿打木浆在干燥状态下保持表面颤动
July 2009 Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.32964/tj8.7.25
Jing Mao, J. Kadla, R. Kerekes
{"title":"Retaining Surface Fibrillation of Wet-Beaten Wood Pulp in the Dry State","authors":"Jing Mao, J. Kadla, R. Kerekes","doi":"10.32964/tj8.7.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj8.7.25","url":null,"abstract":"\"Air filters produced from surface-fibrillated wood pulp may be a promising new, environmentally friendly means of removing pathogens from air. Such filters combine the attributes of large surface area with large permeability, are produced from a renewable resource, and are disposable by incineration as a carbon-neutral fuel when contaminated. We explored various approaches to producing high-surface fibrillated wood pulp fibers in the dry state and then forming them into high-performance filter pads. Wet beating of the bleached chemical pulp, followed by wet forming and partial freeze-drying to 85% consistency, then air-drying was the best approach. The resulting pads possessed large surface area and produced low pressure drop suitable for high-performance filtering of nano-size particles suspended in air.\"","PeriodicalId":134391,"journal":{"name":"July 2009","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132891924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Effect of Dead Load Chemicals in the Kraft Pulping and Recovery System 恒载化学品对硫酸盐浆回收系统的影响
July 2009 Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.32964/tj8.7.18
T. M. Grace, H. Tran
{"title":"The Effect of Dead Load Chemicals in the Kraft Pulping and Recovery System","authors":"T. M. Grace, H. Tran","doi":"10.32964/tj8.7.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj8.7.18","url":null,"abstract":"\"The primary dead load chemicals are sodium carbonate from incomplete conversion during causticizing, and sodium sulfate from low reduction efficiency in the recovery boiler, but thiosulfate and chloride also are potentially important. The difference between a low and high dead load operation might amount to as much as 125kg/metric tons of pulp (mtp). A 1% increase in causticizing efficiency reduces dead load by 6-7 kg/mtp, and a 1% increase in reduction efficiency decreases dead load by 2-3 kg/mtp. Costs associated with dead load include increased internal energy use, greater chemical losses, reduced equipment capacity, and operating problems. The differences in energy use between a low and high dead load operation can be as much as 0.7 GJ/mtp. Evaporators are likely to be affected most, but the green and white liquor system and recovery boiler also could be affected. This paper provides some guidelines for minimizing the effects of dead load.\"","PeriodicalId":134391,"journal":{"name":"July 2009","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114888003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
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