Journal of Advanced Agriculture & Horticulture Research最新文献

{"title":"Benefit: Cost Ratio (BCR) analysis of Botanical extracts against Brown spot disease of rice caused by Helminthosporium oryzae (Breda de Haan)","authors":"D. Kamei","doi":"10.55124/jahr.v1i1.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jahr.v1i1.139","url":null,"abstract":"Many investigations has been done on the efficacy of botanicals against various pest and diseases of crops but there is paucity of information on benefit cost ratio of their application. In the present study five indigenous botanicals extracts of Solanum incanum, Allium hookerii, Mariandra benghalensis and Flogacanthus thyrsiflorus, the indigenous plants of Manipur have been used against the brown spot disease of rice caused by Helminthosporium oryzae. The analysis of benefit cost ratio (BCR) recorded maximum value of BCR in Millettia pachycarpa (1.45:1) followed by Solanum incanum (1.36:1), Allium hookerii (1.33:1), Mariandra benghalensis (1.30:1) and Flogacanthus thyrsiflorus (1.26:1) and in Control (1.13:1).  It was found that in treatment M. Pachycarpa an investment of Re.1.00 will generate a gross income of  Rs.1.45 or net return (Rs.0.45) and net return for following treatment S. incanum (Rs. 0.36), A. hookerii (Rs.0.33),  M. Benghalensis (Rs. 0.30) and F. thyrsiflorus (0.26) as compared to low net return in Control (Rs.0.13).\u0000References\u00001.Arivudainambi, S.; Selvamuthukumaran, T.;  Baskaran, P Efficacy of herbal extracts in management of amaranth leaf caterpillar. Int.J.Veg.Sci. 2010, 16: 167-173.\u0000\u0000Aziz, M.A.; UI Hasan, M.; Ali, A.; Iqbal, J Comparative efficacy of different strategies for management of spotted bollworms, Earias spp .on Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench. Pak. J. Zool. 2012, 44: 1203-1208.\u0000\u0000\u0000Bedi, K.S.; and Gill, H.S. Losses caused by the brown leaf spot disease in the Punjab. Indian Phytopath . 1960, 13: 161-164.\u0000\u0000\u0000Blankson, W.; Amoabeng, Geoff M. Gurr.; Catherine W. Gitau.; Philip C. Stevenson Cost:         benefit analysis of botanical insecticide use in cabbage: Implications for      small holder farmers in developing countries. Crop Protection. 2014, 57: 71-76.\u0000\u0000\u0000 Datnoff E. L.; and Lentini, S. Richard Brown spot in Florida Rice. 1994, 128                \u0000\u0000\u0000Devi. O.; Jitendiya. D and Chhetry, G.K.N Evaluation of antifungal properties of certain plants against Drechlera oryzae causing brown leaf spot of rice in Manipur valley, Int.J.of Scientific & Res.Publications. 2013, 3(5) 1-3.\u0000\u0000\u0000Chavan, R.T.; Deshmukh, V.L and Kadam, A.S Antibacterial activity of Cassia toria leaves. Recent Research in Science and Technology. 2011, 3(5): 12-14.\u0000\u0000\u0000Gaichui, G Studies on efficacy of plant extracts and used of panchagavya against wilt disease of Chilli caused by Fusarium oxysporum, M.Sc.(Agri.) Thesis submitted to COA, CAU, Imphal.  2008, 54-65.\u0000\u0000\u0000Khalili, E.; Sadravi, M.; Naeimi, S. and Khosravi,V Biological control of rice brown spot with native isolates of three Trichoderma species. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2012, 43: 297-305.\u0000\u0000\u0000Khus, N Assessment of organic and inorganic fertilization and plant density on production potential of rice-rice- cropping system. Madras Agric. J. 2011, 85 (12): 604-607.\u0000\u0000\u0000Oerke, E. C., Dehne D. W., Schonbeck F and Weber A Crop production and crop protection:     estimated losses in major food and cash cro","PeriodicalId":133730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Agriculture & Horticulture Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125603361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Online Apps in Fostering Agri-Enterprise Development along the Agricultural Value Chain in Kenya","authors":"Patrick MutwiriKaritu, Joram Ngugi Kamau","doi":"10.55124/jahr.v1i1.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jahr.v1i1.118","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzed how the sampled farmers use online applications to exploit the opportunities along the agricultural value chain. More specifically, the study considered how access to digital credit, online market platforms, youtube tutorials and the social economic characteristics of the sampled farmers influence their agri-enterprise development at the various stages of the agricultural supply chain. Multinomial logistic regression was employed as the regress and was a categorical variable consisting of three mutually exclusive choices. The study identified gender, online tutorials and household income as the key variables towards the development of different agricultural enterprises along the agricultural supply chain. With agricultural processing reporting the highest audience in the online tutorials, value addition of agricultural produces would be a milestone in agricultural industrialization. While the multiplier effect of value addition cannot be underestimated, the direct impact of this is a catalyst towards a turnaround investment in agriculture and agricultural technological innovations. \u0000Introduction \u0000  \u0000According to Okello (2017), agricultural enterprises (agri-enterprise) are businesses which derive most of their revenue from agricultural based activities either directly or indirectly and they include; farmers, individual traders, shops and kiosks, brokers, processors, marketers and input firms among others. With the advancement in technology and intelligence based production techniques, the survival of agriculture in Kenya relies on how actors will integrate modern technologies in the entire value chain. \u0000Agribusiness innovations in Kenya are emerging albeit marred by various challenges. Like any other enterprises, entrepreneurs in the agricultural value chain find challenges in accessing capital to venture into marketing and value addition of agricultural commodities. A study by Okirigiti and Raffey (2015) on entrepreneurship challenges in Kenya found that one of the major challenges towards innovations is the start-up capital. Such capital would be expected to come in the form of a loan. Mwangi and Ouma (2012) notes that to qualify for a loan in a commercial bank in Kenya, one needs collateral or a pay slip from a reputable organization where one needs to have worked for a minimum of six months. \u0000In the adoption of digital credit, the perceived ease by borrowers in accessing credit as opposed to traditional methods has increased the rate of borrowing. The time involved before getting a loan from a commercial bank has also acted as a catalyst to drive thousands away. Banks in Kenya often require the borrower to offer them security and have a sound financial record as an assurance that they will be able to service the loan if granted (Gichukiet al., 2014). \u0000For agri-enterprise development in the country, startup capital is a prerequisite. Accessing this has been revised through digital credit where no collaterals and securities ","PeriodicalId":133730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Agriculture & Horticulture Research","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132490003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers’ Knowledge and Perception of Climate Change Impact on Crop Production in Akinyele Local Government Area, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Ismail O Azeez, Temitope Tolulope Oyekanmi","doi":"10.55124/jahr.v1i1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jahr.v1i1.64","url":null,"abstract":"Article history: Received Received in revised form Accepted Available online The vicissitudes of climatic conditions in Nigeria negatively impact agricultural production. Sustainability of agricultural production depends largely on farmers’ ability to make decisions based on their level of knowledge and information available to them. This paper reports farmers’ knowledge and perception of climate change on crop production in Akinyele Local Government Area, Southwestern Nigeria. Stratified random sampling method was employed for the study. Data obtained through administration of structured questionnaire on local residents were analyzed using descriptive and chi-square (χ2) statistics at α0.05. Secondary data were also obtained on some climatic variables and crop production in the study area. Modal age among the respondents’ (31.1%) was between 5060years, 78.9% were males and 95.6% were married. Although 83.3% of them perceived their knowledge level on climate change as good, only 42.2% perceived reduced rainfall as impact of climate change. However, 70.0% perceived change in seasonal rainfall pattern as indicator of climate change while 97.8% believed that humans are not responsible for the observed climate change. But, respondents’ fingered deforestation (41.1%), bush burning (27.8%) and vehicular emissions’ (11.1%) as agents of climate change. Further, respondents’ age impacted their knowledge on climate change (χ2 = 33.85; df = 18) and their perceptions of climate change (χ2 = 27.77; df = 12) and its effect (χ2 = 46.69; df = 24). Secondary information corroborated famers’ perception of climate vagaries, most noticeably, the rainfall pattern. Therefore, farmers’ knowledge and perception of micro climate indices are important inputs in the formulation of sustainable food production policy.","PeriodicalId":133730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Agriculture & Horticulture Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125801933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative study on Yield performance of Finger Millet Varieties under rainfed conditions in South Eastern Ghat Zone of Odisha","authors":"S. R. Dash","doi":"10.55124/jahr.v1i1.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jahr.v1i1.63","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L)  commonly known  as ragi  is an important crop used for food, forage and industrial products. Finger millet has a wide ecological and geographical adaptability and resilience to various agro-climatic adversities hence, it is highly suited to drought condition and marginal land and requires low external input in cultivation.. Farmers participatory field demonstrations  of  ragi  variety Arjun and Bhairabi were conducted at  two villages  ie   Pedawada of Malkangiri block   and MPV -1 of Kalimela block of Malkangiri district, comprising 40 farmers in cluster approach in  Kharif 2018  and 2019 , by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malkangiri  , in South Eastern Ghat Zone of Odisha .  Conducting front line demonstrations on farmer’s field help to identify the constraints and potential of the finger millet in the specific area as well as it helps in improving the economic and social status of the farmers.  Observation on growth and yield parameters were taken and economic analysis was done. The final seed yield was recorded at the time of harvest and the gross return in (Rs ha -1) was calculated based on prevailing market prices. The results from the demonstration conclusively proved that   finger millet  variety   Arjun (OEB-526)   recorded the higher yield ( 18.8 q ha-1) , followed by  Bhairabi      ( 15.3 q ha-1)    and  farmer’s  traditional variety Nali Mandia ( Dasaraberi)  recorded an average yield of  (8.6 q ha-1 )  .    HYV   Finger millet variety Arjun  with proper nutrient management and plant protection measures gave 118 % higher over farmer’s practices. The technological and extension gap was 1.9 q ha-1  and 12.07  q ha-1 respectively. Similarly, technological index was 8.2 percent.  The benefit cost ratio was 2.4 and 1.9 in case of Arjun and Bhairabi respectively and in case of farmer’s variety Nali Mandia it was  1.4.  Hence the existing local finger millet   variety can be replaced by   HYV Arjun ans Bhairabi , since it fits  good to the existing  rainfed farming situation for higher productivity.   By conducting front line demonstrations on millet   on large scale in farmer’s field, yield potential of finger millet can be enhanced largely which will increase in the income level of farmers and improve the livelihood condition of the farming community. \u0000Introduction \u0000Among small millets, finger millet (Elusine coracana L,) locally known as  Ragi/Mandia  is the most important crop grown in tribal districts of Odisha  and it is the staple food of the tribals. It was originated about 5000 years ago in east Africa (possibly Ethiopia) and was introduced into India, 3000 years ago (Upadhyaya et al., 2006) and it is highly suited to drought condition and marginal land and requires low external input in cultivation. Millet is a collective term referring to a number of small seeded annual grasses that are cultivated as grain crops, primarily on marginal lands in dry areas in temperate, subtropical and tropical","PeriodicalId":133730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Agriculture & Horticulture Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134314216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inventory of the types of rodent spread in Houses with a study of external parasites of the most dominant species at Esna area, Luxor Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Abdelnaeem M Fahmy","doi":"10.55124/jahr.v1i1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jahr.v1i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to identify of rodent species and the ectoparasites are widely recognized for the type prevalent in homes, at Esna District, Luxor Governorate, Egypt, during 2020 year. The results were revealed that the presence of three species of rats included gray-bellied rat, Rattusrattusalexandrinusthe dominant species from, Rattusrattusfrugivorusand the Nile grass rat, Arvicanthisniloticus. The results also indicated that the identification of two types of fleas, Xenopsyllacheopis&Pulexirritans, and one species of lice, Polyplaxspinulosa, associated with the gray-bellied was identified. The study reports the interest in making integrated control programs for rodents to get rid of them and the risks of their external parasites. \u0000Introduction \u0000Rodents play an important role as hosts for ectoparasites and as repositories for various types of viruses, bacteria, rickets, protozoa, and parasitic worms that cause zoonotic diseases (Durden and Page, 1991; Azad and Beard, 1998; Coleman et al., 2003; Salibay and Claveria, 2005). Some examples of such diseases are rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever, plague, Lyme disease, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, murine typhus, scrub typhus, toxoplasmosis, shistosomiasis, nematodes and tapeworms. The close association between commensal rodents and humans and domestic animals is a risk factor for transmission of these diseases (Kia et al., 2009). \u0000The aim of this study is to identify rodent species spread with a study of external parasites of the most dominant species in houses of study area. \u0000Materials and methods \u0000 • Study Area \u0000The present study was carried out to inventory of the types of rodent spread in houses with a study of external parasites of the most dominant species at Esna area, Luxor Governorate, Egypt, during 2020 year. • \u0000 Identification of the different species of rodents \u0000Rodent species were collected from the aforementioned sites using 10 common wire traps. Each trap was stabbed with bread and distributed twice every 15 days at 6 PM. The next morning at 7 a.m., traps were examined, rodents identified and recorded for data processing. Captured rodents were graded and recorded (Desoky, 2011). \u0000• IdentificationRattusrattusalexandrinusectoparasites: \u0000Five rats were taken all Month during the study period, rodent were anesthetized in jar containing a cotton pad with chloroform and then brushed in a deep white plate using a relatively hard brush. After collection of the ectoparasites, they were preserved in plastic bags containing 70% ethyl alcohol and labeled with necessary information. The parasites were sorted and transferred to the microscope slide for identification. The ectoparasites were classified.(Soulsby, 1982&Meerburget al., 2009). \u0000Results and discussion \u0000The results showed in table 1 and figure 1 a survey of three types of rodents: It was also found that the gray-bellied rat is the most common species in the study area (Esna homes), because the gray-bellied rat is considered a househ","PeriodicalId":133730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Agriculture & Horticulture Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129619529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Security Under The Era Of Climate Change Threat","authors":"D. Mukherjee","doi":"10.55124/jahr.v1i1.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55124/jahr.v1i1.78","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture production is directly dependent on climate change and weather. Possible changes in temperature, precipitation and CO2 concentration are expected to significantly impact crop growth and ultimately we lose our crop productivity and indirectly affect the sustainable food availability issue. The overall impact of climate change on worldwide food production is considered to be low to moderate with successful adaptation and adequate irrigation. Climate change has a serious impact on the availability of various resources on the earth especially water, which sustains life on this planet. The global food security situation and outlook remains delicately imbalanced amid surplus food production and the prevalence of hunger, due to the complex interplay of social, economic, and ecological factors that mediate food security outcomes at various human and institutional scales. Weather aberration poses complex challenges in terms of increased variability and risk for food producers and the energy and water sectors. Changes in the biosphere, biodiversity and natural resources are adversely affecting human health and quality of life. Throughout the 21st century, India is projected to experience warming above global level. India will also begin to experience more seasonal variation in temperature with more warming in the winters than summers. Longevity of heat waves across India has extended in recent years with warmer night temperatures and hotter days, and this trend is expected to continue. Strategic research priorities are outlined for a range of sectors that underpin global food security, including: agriculture, ecosystem services from agriculture, climate change, international trade, water management solutions, the water-energy-food security nexus, service delivery to smallholders and women farmers, and better governance models and regional priority setting. There is a need to look beyond agriculture and invest in affordable and suitable farm technologies if the problem of food insecurity is to be addressed in a sustainable manner.\u0000 \u0000Introduction\u0000Globally, agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. This vulnerability is relatively higher in India in view of the large population depending on agriculture and poor coping capabilities of small and marginal farmers. Impacts of climate change pose a serious threat to food security. “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” (World Food Summit, 1996). This definition gives rise to four dimensions of food security: availability of food, accessibility (economically and physically), utilization (the way it is used and assimilated by the human body) and stability of these three dimensions.\u0000According to the United Nations, in 2015, there are still 836 million people in the world living in extreme poverty (less than US","PeriodicalId":133730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Agriculture & Horticulture Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124346694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Yield Performance of Selected Wheat Genotypes at Variable Irrigation Management","authors":"Md. Abdur Rahman, Shamima Akter Baly, M. A. Jahan, A. Shamsuddoha, Sonia Nusrin, Sifat Jahan, M. S. Islam","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4680431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4680431","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted in the Agronomy Field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207 during the period of November 17, 2016 to March 29, 2017 on growth and yield performance of selected wheat genotypes at variable irrigation. In this experiment, the treatment consisted of three varieties viz. V1 = BARI Gom 26, V2 = BARI Gom 28, V3 = BARI Gom 30, and four different irrigations viz. I0 = No Irrigation throughout the growing season, I1 = One irrigation (Irrigate at CRI stage), I2= Two irrigation (Irrigate at CRI and grain filling), I3= Three irrigation (irrigate at CRI, booting and grain filling stages). The experiment was laid out in two factors split plot with three replications. The collected data were statistically analyzed for evaluation of the treatment effect. Results showed that a significant variation among the treatments in respect majority of the observed parameters. Results showed significant variation in almost every parameter of treatments. The highest Plant height, number of effective tillers hill-1, spike length, number of grain spike-1 was obtained from BARI Gom-30. The highest grain weight hectare-1 (3.44 ton) was found from wheat variety BARI Gom-30. All parameters of wheat showed statistically significant variation due to variation of irrigation. The maximum value of growth, yield contributing characters, seed yield was observed with three irrigation (irrigate at CRI, booting and grain filling stages). The interaction between different levels of variety and irrigation was significantly influenced on almost all growth and yield contributing characters, seed yield. The highest yield (3.99 t ha-1) was obtained from BARI Gom-30 with three irrigation (irrigate at CRI, booting and grain filling stages). The optimum growth and higher yield of wheat cv. BARI Gom-30 could be obtained by applying three irrigations at CRI, booting and grain filling stages. \u0000Introduction \u0000Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops cultivated all over the world. Wheat production was increased from 585,691 thousand tons in 2000 to 713,183 thousand tons in 2013 which was ranked below rice and maize in case of production (FAO, 2015). In the developing world, need for wheat will be increased 60 % by 2050 (Rosegrant and Agcaoili, 2010). The International Food Policy Research Institute projections revealed that world demand for wheat will increase from 552 million tons in 1993 to 775 million tons by 2020 (Rosegrantet al.,1997).  Wheat grain is the main staple food for about two third of the total population of the world. (Hanson et al., 1982). \u0000It supplies more nutrients compared with other food crops. Wheat grain is rich in food value containing 12% protein, 1.72% fat, 69.60% carbohydrate and 27.20% minerals (BARI, 2006). It is the second most important cereal crop after rice in Bangladesh.  So, it is imperative to increase the production of wheat to meet the food requirement of vast population of Bangladesh that w","PeriodicalId":133730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Agriculture & Horticulture Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126092734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}