Frontiers in Carbon最新文献

{"title":"Advances in graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for on-site pesticide detection","authors":"M. A. Zafar, David Waligo, O. Varghese, Mohan V. Jacob","doi":"10.3389/frcrb.2023.1325970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcrb.2023.1325970","url":null,"abstract":"The infiltration of pesticides into agricultural soils has emerged as a critical concern, posing substantial threats to the agriculture industry due to soil and water contamination. The detection of these contaminants is critical towards implementing effective environmental remediation strategies and achieving ecosystem sustainability. Electrochemical sensor technology has been demonstrated to be highly promising for this application. Graphene and its derivatives and composites are widely used as modifying materials in these sensors to enhance their analytical performance. This short review discusses recent progress in the application of graphene-based electrochemical sensors in three-electrode and field-effect transistor configurations for the detection of pesticides posing significant risks to the agricultural sector. It highlights the growing significance of graphene-based sensors in mitigating pesticide-related environmental challenges and underscores their role in ensuring the health and diversity of agricultural ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":133043,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Carbon","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of nitrogen atoms implanted in graphite and diamond","authors":"Orlando Auciello, J. Veyan, M. J. Arellano-Jimenez","doi":"10.3389/frcrb.2023.1279356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcrb.2023.1279356","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Insertion of N atoms at a nanoscale subsurface depth in single-crystal diamond (SCD) may enable new generations of quantum electronics devices. In this sense, it is critical to understand the interaction between implanted N atoms and C atoms in the diamond lattice.Methods: The investigation of the interaction of N atoms with SCD at the atomic scale using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis involves in situ bombardment of the SCD surface with relatively low-energy (5,000 eV) N2 ions. In situ XPS analyses of SCD and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) before and after N-atom implantation are compared with published XPS analyses of C-N materials (e.g., g-CN, N in poly/single-crystal diamond).Results: The analyses revealed three N 1s peaks at 398–399 eV (N1), 399–400.5 eV (N2), and 401–403 eV (N3), with the N1 and N2 peaks assigned to C-N bonds and an N3 peak inaccurately assigned, in prior publications, to N-bonded contaminants (e.g., O, NH). In situ cleaning of the SCD and HOPG surfaces prior to N-atom implantation was performed to eliminate all atmospheric contaminants. This cleaning process revealed that the N3 peak is associated with N-C-bonded atoms and not the C-O/NH linkage, as previously suggested. Ex situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies of N-implanted SCD show a defect-structured subsurface region.Discussion: An important side effect of the relatively low-energy N implantation in SCD is the formation of a 5–8 nm electrically conductive surface layer, an effect that may open the pathways for future research in diamond-based micro- and nano-electronics.","PeriodicalId":133043,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Carbon","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene-reduced graphene oxide composite scaling up to produce wear resistant plates","authors":"Leice Gonçalves Amurin, Poliane Neves De Oliveira, Ana Flávia Tavares S. Pereira, Nirvana Cecília Ribeiro, Daniel Bastos De Rezende, Glaura Goulart Silva","doi":"10.3389/frcrb.2023.1291283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcrb.2023.1291283","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining the properties of nanocomposites obtained at the laboratory scale when evolving to pilot and industrial scales is a great challenge. In this work, the route for a 3000-fold increase in scale between the laboratory and production in an industrial environment was conducted in two stages–Pilot 1 and Pilot 2–to obtain polymeric nanocomposite plates for pilot testing. The nanocomposite was based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and several different operations were optimized for complete scale-up, i.e., 1) production of reduced graphite oxide (rGrO); 2) exfoliation of rGrO; 3) milling of rGO with UHMWPE in a ball mill to produce masterbatch; and 4) RAM extrusion to produce the plates. All these steps were accompanied by characterizations that show the quality of the nanomaterial, masterbatch and nanocomposite plates. The gains in nanocomposite properties with 0.25 wt% rGO with respect to UHMWPE were ∼45% in elastic modulus, ∼50% in hardness, ∼25% in impact strength and 15% in abrasion wear (two-body test). The nanocomposite surfaces after wear tests are more hydrophobic than UHWWPE. The Pilot 1 results were generally superior to the Pilot 2 results, probably due to the very different thicknesses of the plates, i.e., 10 mm in Pilot 1 and 40 mm in Pilot 2. The improvement in different properties confirms the multifunctionality of the nanocomposite UHMWPE/rGO now produced on a pilot scale.","PeriodicalId":133043,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Carbon","volume":"27 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in carbon nanotube patterning technologies for device applications","authors":"Yoosuk Kim, Irma Kuljanishvili","doi":"10.3389/frcrb.2023.1288912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcrb.2023.1288912","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained significant attention in the scientific and technology sectors due to their exceptional physical, chemical, and electronic properties. These qualities make them excellent candidates for several electronic applications, such as ballistic conduction, high current densities, low power consumption, outstanding single-photon capacity, and excellent nano-mechanical resonators. However, incorporating CNTs into specific micro- and nano-architectures and hybrid structures remains challenging. Developing fabrication and patterning technologies, involving CNTs, that can scale up while utilizing their exceptional properties has received significant attention in the last two decades. Various approaches have been investigated, including top-down and bottom-up methods, and new techniques have been used to achieve selective CNTs production through patterning. The continued developments of patterning technologies is critical for fully exploiting CNTs’ practical applicability. This mini-review looks at recent advances in fabrication and patterning of CNTs with micro- and nanoscale resolution, such as using pre-patterned substrates, dielectrophoresis, oxidative etching, and selective production and growth for CNTs, or direct printing of CNT-containing inks, etc. Article discusses advantages and limitations of various approaches for achieving accurate and scalable CNT patterning. Overcoming fabrication challenges will pave the way for a widespread use of CNTs in various applications including electronics, photonics, mechanical and biomedical devices and hybrid systems, etc.","PeriodicalId":133043,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Carbon","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135745103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicology of carbon nanomaterials in the Caenorhabditis elegans model: current status, characterization, and perspectives for testing harmonization","authors":"Francine Côa, L. Bortolozzo, Daiana Silva Ávila, Antonio G. Souza Filho, Diego Stéfani Teodoro Martinez","doi":"10.3389/frcrb.2023.1241637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcrb.2023.1241637","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanomaterials are promising advanced materials for novel technologies. Therefore, biosafety studies are mandatory to support their safe development, uses, and disposal in sustainable innovation. Traditional toxicological assays are typically expensive, time-consuming, and have low throughput; they have been replaced by new approach methodologies (NAMs) focused on in vitro, in chemico and in silico approaches, along with alternative models. Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a complete model organism for predictive toxicology due to its transparent body, short reproductive and life cycles, and fully sequenced genome with high homology with the human genome. In this review, we discuss the current status, state-of-the-art characterization techniques, and scientific gaps in nanotoxicity studies involving the carbon nanomaterials and the C. elegans model considering the last two decades of research. Moreover, we show the existing supportive tools to evaluate the internalization and biodistribution of carbon nanomaterials in C. elegans and discuss their advantages and limitations. Methodological and experimental gaps must still be discussed with the scientific community; hence, we bring this discussion to light and point out future orientations and perspectives. This review will contribute for guiding the research with C. elegans and harmonization of assays/protocols linked to computational tools and nanoinformatics approaches during the development of carbon nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":133043,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Carbon","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127316021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials from biobased resources for water treatment applications: emerging trends and prospects","authors":"A. Adeola, M. P. Duarte, R. Naccache","doi":"10.3389/frcrb.2023.1220021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcrb.2023.1220021","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-based nanomaterials have drawn significant interest as desirable nanomaterials and composites for the adsorptive removal of various classes of pollutants from water owing to their versatile physicochemical properties. The underlying sorption mechanisms serve as the bedrock for the development of carbonaceous adsorbents for various target pollutants. Microwave-assisted synthesis can be regarded as a recent and well-advanced technique for the development of carbon-based nanomaterials, and the use of biobased materials/wastes/residues conforms with the concept of green and sustainable chemistry. For advancements in carbon-based functional nanomaterials and their industrial/field applications, it is essential to fully comprehend the sorption performance and the selective/non-selective interaction processes between the contaminants and sorbents. In this regard, research on the development of carbon-based nanomaterials for the adsorption of chemical contaminants, both organic and inorganic, in water has made considerable strides as discussed in this review. However, there are still several fundamental hurdles associated with microwave-assisted chemical synthesis and commercial/industrial scale-up applications in nano-remediation. The challenges, benefits, and prospects for further research and development of carbon-based nanomaterials/nanocomposites for the purification of water are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":133043,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Carbon","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124226107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counter charge cluster formation in molecular doping of molybdenum disulfide","authors":"Jonghoon Lee, G. Kedziora, N. Glavin, Anisha Roy","doi":"10.3389/frcrb.2022.1089955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcrb.2022.1089955","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) gas sensor prototypes report orders of magnitude higher sensitivity toward nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over ammonia (NH3). Based on the cluster formation model and density functional theory calculations of charge transfer, NO2 was found to form a tightly bound cluster of counter charges upon carrier donation. In contrast, NH3 forms only a semi-localized cluster of counter charges over a wide area of MoS2, creating a larger collision cross section of coulomb interaction between the charge carrier and the counter charges. We discuss the potential effect of counter charge cluster localization on the efficiency of molecular doping.","PeriodicalId":133043,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Carbon","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grand challenges in graphene and graphite research","authors":"R. Capaz","doi":"10.3389/frcrb.2022.1034557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcrb.2022.1034557","url":null,"abstract":"Graphite is known and used by humankind since ancient times. It is composed of spbonded, two-dimensional, atomically flat, carbon layers called graphene, weakly joined together by van derWaals forces. Through the ages, graphite foundmany applications, from a refractory material to electrode for batteries, from pencils to lubricants, among others. In a pioneering calculation, Wallace obtained the electronic structure of graphite and graphene (Wallace, 1947) that revealed the linear dispersion when the bands cross the Fermi level at the vertices K and K’ of the hexagonal Brillouin zone, a feature that, many years later, became widely known as the perfect emulation of a two-dimensional massless Dirac fermion (Novoselov et al., 2005). For almost 60 years, this result appeared ellusive to experimental investigation, as the isolation of a single layer of graphene—the ultimate 2D system was thought to be forbidden by the Mermin-Wagner theorem (Mermin, 1968). But Nature has it own ways, and graphene research took a dramatic turn when Geim &Novoselov isolated graphene for the first time using the mechanical exfoliation (“scotch tape”) method (Novoselov et al., 2004). In 2010, they received the Physics Nobel Prize for this discovery and subsequent studies on this material, which led to a plethora of observations of the truly exquisite properties of 2D massless Dirac fermions to be accessible in tabletop experiments (Geim and Novoselov, 2007). The discovery of graphene ignited the broader field of 2D materials (Novoselov et al., 2016). Novel layered materials are discovered or predicted in a daily basis, with diverse properties (metals, insulators, semiconductors, magnetic, topological, etc). In addition, the possibility of combining these materials in stacked structures called “van der Waals heterostructures” offers endless possibilities of design engineering of novel structures to meet target functionalities. These already infinite possibilities can be yet infinitely multiplied by turning the knob that controls the twist angle between neighboring layers. From early theoretical predictions that the electronic structure of bilayer graphene could be tuned by the twist angle (Lopes dos Santos et al., 2007), this possibility evolved to a truly new subfield of graphene and 2D materials research called “twistronics”. A turning point was the discovery of superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene near the so-called “magical angle” (Cao et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2019; Yankowitz et al., 2019), where bands near the Fermi level become flat and give rise to a variety of strongly-correlated phenomena. This discovery sparkled verifications of such effects in similar and promising systems, such as trilayer graphene (Park et al., 2021; Hao et al., 2021). Today, twistronics is a hot topic not only in graphene but in 2Dmaterials research in general. Although the superconductivity in twisted graphene systems appears to be of unconventional type, the underlying theoretical","PeriodicalId":133043,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Carbon","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129781390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computationally assessing diamond as an ultrafast pulse shaper for high-power ultrawideband radar","authors":"C. Herrmann, J. Croman, S. Baryshev","doi":"10.3389/frcrb.2023.1230873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcrb.2023.1230873","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond holds promise to reshape ultrafast and high-power electronics. One such solid-state device is the diode avalanche shaper (DAS), which functions as an ultrafast closing switch where closing is caused by the formation of the streamer traversing the diode much faster than 107 cm/s. One of the most prominent applications of DAS devices is in ultrawideband (UWB) radio/radar. Here, we simulate a diamond-based DAS and compare the results to a silicon-based DAS. All DASs were simulated in mixed mode as ideal devices using the drift-diffusion model. The simulations show that a diamond DAS promises to outperform an Si DAS when sharpening the kV nanosecond input pulse. The breakdown field and streamer velocity (∼10 times larger in diamond than Si) are likely to be the major reasons enabling kV sub-50 ps switching using a diamond DAS.","PeriodicalId":133043,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Carbon","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127649542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}