AgriSciRN: Water Conservation (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Choosing the Phytoremediation Technologies for Cleaning Various Types of Wastewater","authors":"O. Dmitrieva, Irina Khorenzhaja, V. Vasylenko, S. Osypenko, N. Teliura, O. Lomakina, L. Melnik, I. Koldoba","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.200591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.200591","url":null,"abstract":"A methodological approach has been devised for determining the priority phytoremediation technology for the treatment of wastewater from settlements, based on the hierarchy analysis method (MAI). The proposed approach makes it possible to involve experts from municipal authorities of a settlement to substantiate decisions on managing the environmental safety of surface water bodies adjacent to the selected settlements. The criteria (groups of factors) have been proposed, which reflected the input and output parameters of a treatment system, conditions at a construction site of treatment plants, and the requirements for phytoremediation technologies. Experts in various professional aspects gave their judgments regarding the priority of advantages of the mentioned criteria. The multidisciplinary experts’ judgments, which reflected the specific features of phytoremediation and the conditions for a would-be location of treatment plants, processed according to the scientifically based MAI procedure, formed the basis for decision-making on the choice of a priority phytoremediation technology under specific conditions. The advantages of the proposed methodological approach include a possibility to link the entire array of the necessary information to a single algorithm for substantiating a solution. The information differs both in its content (environmental, biological, urban planning, social and economic) and in the form of its representation (the data on direct measurements, statistical and forecast estimates). The proposed methodological approach has been tested based on an example of choosing the phytoremediation technologies for treatment plants at three different types of facilities such as an industrial enterprise, a residential building, and a city hospital. The obtained results demonstrated an acceptable level of conformity, which testifies to their reliability. The devised methodological approach is useful for making managerial decisions on the choice of technology for the phytoremediation at treatment plants in order to substantiate their improvement or to build new plants","PeriodicalId":127532,"journal":{"name":"AgriSciRN: Water Conservation (Topic)","volume":"504 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126256128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentials of Waste and Wastewater Resources Recovery and Re-Use (RRR) Options for Improving Water, Energy and Nutrition Security","authors":"Maksud Bekchanov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2977212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2977212","url":null,"abstract":"Under increasing demand for water, fertilizer and energy, waste and wastewater treatment can be potential options for considerably enhancing not only the supply of these valuable economic assets but also for improving sanitation and ecological conditions. Effluents and treated wastewater are important for meeting water demands for agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, and environmental system enhancement. Fertilizer and nutrients recovered though recycling organic waste and filtering wastewater, or embedded in effluents can be essential inputs for increasing crop biomass, timber output, and production of aquatic crops and marine species such as fish. Similarly, energy recovered from waste and wastewater recycling (including dry manure for cooking and heating) is important for enhanced energy supply especially in remote rural areas of the developing countries. Yet, the utilization of the waste and wastewater resources for additional gains should consider the accepted safety measures in order to prevent environmental and health risks. Focusing on potential benefits from resources recycling and recovery yet being cautious on their external effects, this review critically assesses the available waste and wastewater treatment options, and their economic, environmental and health benefits and risks.","PeriodicalId":127532,"journal":{"name":"AgriSciRN: Water Conservation (Topic)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116273474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater Systems and Energy Saving in Urban India: Governing the Water-Energy-Food Nexus Series","authors":"Babette Never","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2811524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2811524","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the interdependency of water and energy in India’s wastewater sector. Wastewater treatment plants consume a great deal of energy. Energy-efficient technologies are available, but are only spreading slowly in developing countries. In India, only 10% of all wastewater generated is treated, while energy demand is soaring. The case for investments in energy-efficient solutions thus seems clear. This case study analyses under which conditions and with which instruments integrated approaches to the water, energy and food (land) sectors (WEF-Nexus) are useful in various different wastewater systems across the country. It focuses on the identification of existing drivers of and barriers to the diffusion of energy-efficient technologies in India’s urban wastewater sector, uncovering how investments in resource- and lifecycle-oriented solutions could be enhanced. Key findings are that India’s urban wastewater sector is still largely in a situation of lock-in although first innovative initiatives that focus on more resource-footprint, lifecycle-oriented approaches exist in some niches. The diffusion of energy-efficient technologies is driven by pricing, mandatory regulations and standard-setting that are gradually being tightened. The privatization of building, operation and maintenance of treatment plants together with green procurement can be helpful if designed carefully. The main barriers against technology diffusion and a shift of the sector towards integrated approaches are a lack of cost recovery; vested interests in the status quo; a lack of operation and maintenance skills; and complicated processes, with many agencies and bureaucratic layers involved. Land and water scarcity are found to be catalytic to a change in planning, depending on local conditions.","PeriodicalId":127532,"journal":{"name":"AgriSciRN: Water Conservation (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114910751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}