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Phonological Templates in Development最新文献

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Perspectives on phonological development 语音发展的观点
Phonological Templates in Development Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0001
M. Vihman
{"title":"Perspectives on phonological development","authors":"M. Vihman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter characterizes language as a system of links or associations and states the goal of gaining understanding of the origins of systematicity in the child. A working definition of ‘template’ is followed by an account of early accuracy followed by later regression in early phonological development, concomitants of emergent system-building. A review of the theoretical advances that led to the concept of ‘templates’ is followed by a brief summary of Dynamic Systems Theory, with its emphasis on non-linearity in development, and of holistic approaches to phonology, including exemplar representations. A broad chronological account of research into infant speech processing is complemented by a brief review of production studies, the articulatory filter hypothesis, and the experimental work that supports it. Finally, studies of adult word learning that distinguish between lexical configuration and lexical engagement are found to bring new insights to the construct of emergent systematicity.","PeriodicalId":124304,"journal":{"name":"Phonological Templates in Development","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116108854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Whole-word phonology 整词语音
Phonological Templates in Development Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0002
M. Vihman
{"title":"Whole-word phonology","authors":"M. Vihman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a historical overview of the ideas underlying ‘whole-word phonology’, from the 1970s to the present. The importance of a prosodic (syntagmatic) analysis is grounded in the ideas of Firth, as adapted to early child language (Waterson, 1971). Other studies have proposed ways in which ideas based on analyses of early child data, such as lexical primacy (Ferguson & Farwell, 1975) or Radical Templatic Phonology (Vihman & Croft, 2007), are relevant for adult as well as child language. Key ideas included in the overview are developmental reorganization (Macken, 1979), template matching and the two-stage model (Menn, 1983), and exemplar theory and usage-based models (Menn et al., 2013). The principles of Dynamic Systems Theory (Thelen & Smith, 1994) are related to early phonological and lexical development.","PeriodicalId":124304,"journal":{"name":"Phonological Templates in Development","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128515962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phonological Templates in Development 发展中的语音模板
Phonological Templates in Development Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.99
M. Vihman
{"title":"Phonological Templates in Development","authors":"M. Vihman","doi":"10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.99","url":null,"abstract":"Based on cross-linguistic data from several children each learning one of eight languages and grounded in the theoretical frameworks of usage-based phonology, exemplar theory, and Dynamic Systems Theory, this book explores the patterns or phonological templates children develop once they are producing 20–50 words or more. The children are found to begin with ‘selected’ words, which match some of the vocal forms they have practised in babbling; this is followed by the production of more challenging adult word forms, adapted—differently by different children and with some shaping by the particular adult language—to fit that child’s existing word forms. Early accuracy is replaced by later recourse to an ‘inner model’ of what a word can sound like; this is a template, or fixed output pattern to which a high proportion of the children’s forms adhere for a short time, before being replaced by ‘ordinary’ (more adult-like) forms with regular substitutions and omissions. The idea of templates developed in adult theorizing about phonology and morphology; in adult language it is most productive in colloquial forms and pet names or hypocoristics, found in informal settings or ‘language at play’. These are illustrated in some detail for over 200 English rhyming compounds, 100 Estonian and 500 French short forms. The issues of emergent systematicity, the roles of articulatory and memory challenges for children, and the similarities and differences in the function of templates for adults as compared with children are central concerns.","PeriodicalId":124304,"journal":{"name":"Phonological Templates in Development","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124631649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
First words and prosodic structures 第一个单词和韵律结构
Phonological Templates in Development Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0004
M. Vihman
{"title":"First words and prosodic structures","authors":"M. Vihman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents data from four to eight children each learning one of six languages, British English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Italian, and Welsh. As a basis for cross-linguistic comparison the chapter first considers similarities and differences in the target forms of the first words of these children. It then presents the children’s later prosodic structures, including American English in the comparison. The chapter considers the development changes apparent from comparing the first words with the later structures and quantifies the extent of variegation in first word targets and later child word forms. In concluding, it is found that common resources are strongly in evidence in the first words but by the later point there is good evidence of ambient language influence as well as of individual differences within the groups.","PeriodicalId":124304,"journal":{"name":"Phonological Templates in Development","volume":"417 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132415158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relation of child to adult templates, II 儿童与成人模板的关系，2
Phonological Templates in Development Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0008
M. Vihman
{"title":"Relation of child to adult templates, II","authors":"M. Vihman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter draws on informal or slang usage to look for parallels with child template use. Three sets of data are analysed in some detail. Clippings with suffixation are illustrated with both French and Estonian short forms and hypocoristics; similar patterns are cited for Australian English. The short forms in each case adhere to the minimal word constraints of the language in question, with French forms in -o fitting into one or two iambic feet while the Estonian forms, ending in obstruent+s, largely constitute a single heavy (monosyllabic) foot. Rhyming compounds are analysed for English. A strong bias is identified for the second word to begin with a labial, with parallels also cited in Hungarian. All of these adult template patterns are shown to stipulate both prosodic and segmental elements.","PeriodicalId":124304,"journal":{"name":"Phonological Templates in Development","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131548743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Issues around child templates 关于子模板的问题
Phonological Templates in Development Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0006
M. Vihman
{"title":"Issues around child templates","authors":"M. Vihman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter adds longitudinal analyses of children learning two languages not yet included here, Lebanese Arabic and Brazilian Portuguese. It then looks at two more children learning British English, a diary and an observational study, each of which permits closer examination of the emergence and facing of templates. The chapter then reviews a study of expressive late talkers, providing a procedure for quantifying template use and illustrating it with analyses of three British late talkers with good comprehension skills. The study was too small to draw firm conclusions, but it did show that for late talkers, unlike typically developing children, templates may prove more of a hindrance than a help in phonological and lexical advance. In concluding the chapter considers the function of child templates, noting ways in which they may be supporting of word learning for children whose strongest phonetic limitations fall within the first two years.","PeriodicalId":124304,"journal":{"name":"Phonological Templates in Development","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124797613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conclusion 结论
Phonological Templates in Development Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0009
M. Vihman
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"M. Vihman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the phases of early phonological and lexical development, based on the analyses of early words and prosodic structures (Chs. 3, 4), templatic patterns (Chs. 3, 5, 6), and the replacement of templates by more adult-like forms (Ch. 6). The role of memory in the process of template formation is discussed, contrasting the template model of lexical development with other theoretical approaches. The emergence of system-building is then related to the discussion (Ch. 1) of current studies in adult word learning and the distinction between lexical configuration and lexical engagement. In a brief account of current models of phonological development particular attention is given to the recently disseminated A-map model, which emphasizes accuracy and child-to-adult continuity within an Optimality Theoretic perspective. In a concluding section the function of adult and child templates is discussed again, highlighting the similarities observed in our data analyses (Ch. 8).","PeriodicalId":124304,"journal":{"name":"Phonological Templates in Development","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126517402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building the evidence 建立证据
Phonological Templates in Development Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0003
M. Vihman
{"title":"Building the evidence","authors":"M. Vihman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents data from six children learning American English at two developmental points: first word use and the end of the single-word period, when templates typically first begin to be identifiable. The chapter lays out procedures for identifying prosodic structures and variants and also consonant inventories, which give insight into the child’s resources for word production. Analysis of the most frequently used prosodic structures is followed by an analysis of each child’s data to permit template identification, based primarily on high proportionate use and adaptation. A developmental comparison of the two data sets shows continued reliance, by all the children, on the default or simplest CV structure, but advances in use of one- and two-syllable structures with codas. Consonant variegation is found to be the single greatest challenge for early word formation.","PeriodicalId":124304,"journal":{"name":"Phonological Templates in Development","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122026251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Relation of child to adult templates, I 儿童与成人模板的关系，1
Phonological Templates in Development Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0007
M. Vihman
{"title":"Relation of child to adult templates, I","authors":"M. Vihman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews uses of the concept of templates in the literature on core grammar, beginning with the classic studies of Arabic plural formation in Prosodic Morphology, framed in terms of the ‘authentic units of prosody’. The author provides Good’s (2016) broad definition of templates within his typological approach, with an extended example from Tiene, and additional illustrations from Inkelas’ (2014) account of templates at the interface of phonology and morphology, including the inflectional but somewhat unpredictable patterning of the comparative/superlative morphemes in English. The chapter then provides an account of prosodic constraints and morphological alternation in Estonian, which are templatic in spirit if not in specific detail. Further examples derive from uses of reduplication in core grammar; an account of Czech morphology evokes variable shape templates. Finally, the author reports an experiment with English speakers showing an effect of output templates in innovative word formation.","PeriodicalId":124304,"journal":{"name":"Phonological Templates in Development","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133836850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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