{"title":"Preparation and Applications of Nanocomposite Membranes for Water/Wastewater Treatment","authors":"M. Ince, Olcay Kaplan Ince","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101905","url":null,"abstract":"Because of scarcity of clean water all over the globe, it is leads to serious challenges to the survival of all living species. Advanced treatment of water/wastewater techniques such as filtration separation and ion exchange separation are necessary for degradable or non-biodegradable detrimental and hazardous wastes removal from water. Membrane technology is of critical importance to solve this vital problem. In membrane technology, nanocomposite membranes (NCMs) are the most preferred in terms of their convenience. These membranes and their constituent materials are eco-friendly, low-cost, and energy-efficient materials. Also they have operational flexibility and feasibility. The current study presents an overview of the progress in NCMs to treat water/wastewater. To prepare NCMs, various used methods are discussed. Also, to improve the mechanical, antibacterial, and adsorption, properties of NCMs have been investigated. The objective of this work was to summarize the removal of toxic wastes from water/wastewater using various NCMs and to emphasize the shortfalls, and future prospective of NCMs technology are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":123019,"journal":{"name":"Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes [Working Title]","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132523577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances in Measuring and Controlling Biofouling of Seawater Reverse Osmosis SWRO: A Review","authors":"Rana H. Idais, A. A. Abuhabib, S. Hamzah","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95782","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents recent literature that sheds light on the SWRO membrane biofouling, Inventory of causes, consequences, measurement, and possible solutions. In particular, biofouling of SWRO is considered as one of the challenges faced by seawater desalination today. For seawater desalination, mitigating membrane biofouling is essentially required and yet to be overcome. Specific shortcomings and prospective solutions are reviewed towards understanding the biofouling mechanism, pretreatment impacts, level of assimilable nutrients, and real-time monitoring. Accordingly, this review aims to address recent advances in biological fouling measurements and control to better understand biofouling and the best ways of dealing with such a challenging issue.","PeriodicalId":123019,"journal":{"name":"Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes [Working Title]","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131921459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shale Oil and Gas Produced Water Treatment: Opportunities and Barriers for Forward Osmosis","authors":"L. Ogletree, Hongbo Du, R. Kommalapati","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96001","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of shale oil & gas produced water is a complicated process since it contains various organic compounds and inorganic impurities. Traditional membrane processes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are challenged when produced water has high salinity. Forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation as two emerging membrane technologies are promising for produced water treatment. This chapter will focus on reviewing FO membranes, draw solute, and hybrid processes with other membrane filtration applied to produced water treatment. The barriers to the FO processes caused by membrane fouling and reverse draw solute flux are discussed fully by comparing some FO fabrication technologies, membrane performances, and draw solute selections. The future of the FO processes for produced water treatment is by summarizing life cycle assessment and economic analyses for produced water treatment in the last decade.","PeriodicalId":123019,"journal":{"name":"Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes [Working Title]","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121719165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}