Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World最新文献

Women's Market Work, Infant Feeding Practices, and Infant Nutrition Among Low-Income Women in Santiago, Chile* 智利圣地亚哥低收入妇女的市场工作、婴儿喂养做法和婴儿营养*

Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780429268656-6

I. Vial, E. Muchnik, F. Mardones

{"title":"Women's Market Work, Infant Feeding Practices, and Infant Nutrition Among Low-Income Women in Santiago, Chile*","authors":"I. Vial, E. Muchnik, F. Mardones","doi":"10.4324/9780429268656-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429268656-6","url":null,"abstract":"This study gains further insight into the interaction between womens employment status infant feeding practices and infant nutrition among low income urban families. Primary data from a prospective cohort study were collected from a sample of 404 working and nonworking mothers whose infants were observed from birth to 6 months of age in 1984-1985. The focus of the analysis here is on the competing demands on mothers time resulting from her maternal and working activities. The results showed that mothers work did not affect the decision to initiate breast feeding as most mothers did so but it did affect its duration shifting working mothers to the use of mixed breast feeding more frequently than nonworking mothers. On average a higher proportion of working mothers than their nonworking counterparts had already introduced artificial milk both as a substitute for as well as a complement to breast feeding when infants were 3 months old. Weaning foods were also introduced earlier in the diets of their infants. In analyzing the choices of breast feeding and other infant feeding practices the study considers that breast feeding is not desirable per se but rather as a means to achieve better infant nutrition. The results showed that exclusive breast feeding duration did not significantly affect the production of infant nutrition except when complemented with solid foods. This may suggest that the appropriate timing for the introduction of weaning foods rather than exclusive breast feeding duration per se is more important in influencing adequate infant nutrition. Mothers work has 2 opposing effects on infant nutrition: 1) it implies in this context an increased use of artificial milk and a more restricted use of breast feeding but 2) it makes it possible for low income households to increase food expenditures and to have better access to other complementary resources such as health thus improving the chances of better infant nutrition and child development.","PeriodicalId":120859,"journal":{"name":"Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116070750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Breastfeeding and Maternal Employment in Urban Honduras 洪都拉斯城市的母乳喂养和产妇就业

Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780429268656-5

C. O'Gara

引用次数: 0

Maternal Employment, Differentiation, and Child Health and Nutrition in Panama* 巴拿马的产妇就业、差别和儿童健康与营养*

Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780429268656-7

Katherine Tucker

引用次数: 0

Child Care Strategies of Working and Nonworking Women in Rural and Urban Guatemala* 危地马拉农村和城市工作和非工作妇女的儿童保育战略*

Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780429268656-8

P. Engle

引用次数: 0

Women's Community Service and Child Welfare in Urban Peru 秘鲁城市妇女社区服务和儿童福利

Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780429268656-11

Jeanine Anderson

引用次数: 0

Women's Work and Child Nutrition in the Third World* 第三世界妇女的工作和儿童营养*

Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780429268656-2

J. Leslie

引用次数: 0

Effects of New Export Crops in Smallholder Agriculture on Division of Labor and Child Nutritional Status in Guatemala 危地马拉小农新型出口作物对劳动分工和儿童营养状况的影响

Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780429268656-9

Joachim von Braun

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Women's Work on Breastfeeding in the Philippines, 1973-1983 菲律宾妇女工作对母乳喂养的影响，1973-1983

Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780429268656-4

B. Popkin, J. Akin, W. Flieger, E. L. Wong

{"title":"The Effects of Women's Work on Breastfeeding in the Philippines, 1973-1983","authors":"B. Popkin, J. Akin, W. Flieger, E. L. Wong","doi":"10.4324/9780429268656-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429268656-4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reports the results of a study on the effects of womens work on breast feeding in the Philippines between 1973 and 1983. In particular it describes the patterns of breast feeding and then tests the relative effects of selected population characteristics and structural-behavioral changes on trends in breast feeding extent and duration. The data for this research were collected as part of the 1973 and 1983 National Demographic Surveys of the Philippines with subsamples of 3573 and 5396 ever-married women and children respectively. From 1973-1983 the extent of ever breast feeding decreased by approximately 5% from 88.9 to 83.5%. Residents of Manila and Mindanao and women with clerical and sales transitional occupations showed the greatest declines in breast feeding over the period; women with high education levels or professional occupations were actually more likely to breast feed in 1983 than were similar groups in 1973. On the average the median age of the infant at which breast feeding ceased remained constant from 1973 to 1983. Relatively large increases in the duration of lactation occurred between 1973 and 1983 and for Visayan residents women with 10 or more years of education and women with traditional occupations. The increase for these subgroups occurred because they were more likely to breast feed their infants past the 1st year of life in 1983 than were similar groups in 1973. Most increases or decreases in breast feeding probabilities that had large impacts on the estimated duration of breast feeding took place during the 2nd year of the infants life. The notable exception to this pattern is that infants whose mothers were residents of rural areas were more likely to be breast fed at 5 months of age in 1983 than were similar group members in 1973. In general the longer duration of breast feeding into the 2nd year is expected to have only small health and demographic effects. In contrast in urban areas the decreased duration of breast feeding in 1983 resulted from reduced breast feeding during the 1st year of life.","PeriodicalId":120859,"journal":{"name":"Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129605759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Women's Agricultural Work, Child Care, and Infant Diarrhea in Rural Kenya 肯尼亚农村妇女的农业工作、儿童保育和婴儿腹泻

Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780429268656-10

M. Paolisso, M. Baksh, Thomas Jc

{"title":"Women's Agricultural Work, Child Care, and Infant Diarrhea in Rural Kenya","authors":"M. Paolisso, M. Baksh, Thomas Jc","doi":"10.4324/9780429268656-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429268656-10","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the relationship between womens agricultural work and childcare and the subsequent effect of different child care practices on infant diarrhea. The data were collected among the Embu a rural agricultural group in Kenya from 1984-1986. Time allocation data on womens work patterns and child care practices are used to explore the 1st part of the research question. An epidemiological study of the influence of caretaking practices on the risk of infant diarrhea addresses the 2nd part of the question. The results from these 2 facets of the study suggest that womens time in caretaking is influenced by corresponding increases in agricultural work that decreases in caretaking increase the risk of infant diarrhea but that participation of older children in caretaking responsibilities can reduce the risk of diarrhea among infants in the family. Among Embu women time spent in child care is affected by time allocated to food production. This is evidenced by 1) the time allocation differences between women with infants and women without infants 2) the negative correlation of these activities among women with infants and 3) the seasonal interactions of child care and food production activities. Child care in turn affects a childs physical health. This is seen in the increased risk of diarrhea for children of all ages studied who were held or touched less than other children. The older sisters of infants help out with the child care thereby enabling the mothers to spend more time in food production. A young family without older children however has few caretaking resources and thus fewer time allocation options. Such a family risks undernutrition from inadequate food production and/or a sick infant from inadequate child care.","PeriodicalId":120859,"journal":{"name":"Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130132836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Women's Work and Social Support For Child Care in the Third World* 第三世界妇女的工作和对儿童保育的社会支持*

Women, Work, and Child Welfare in the Third World Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.4324/9780429268656-3

S. Joekes

引用次数: 1