Plastics in the Environment最新文献

Biological Degradation of Polymers in the Environment 聚合物在环境中的生物降解

Plastics in the Environment Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85124

J. Glaser

引用次数: 53

Elemental Analyzer/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA/IRMS) as a Tool to Characterize Plastic Polymers in a Marine Environment 元素分析仪/同位素比质谱(EA/IRMS)作为表征海洋环境中塑料聚合物的工具

Plastics in the Environment Pub Date : 2019-01-21 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81485

D. Berto, F. Rampazzo, C. Gion, Seta Noventa, Malgorzata M. Formalewicz, F. Ronchi, Umberto Traldi, G. Giorgi

{"title":"Elemental Analyzer/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA/IRMS) as a Tool to Characterize Plastic Polymers in a Marine Environment","authors":"D. Berto, F. Rampazzo, C. Gion, Seta Noventa, Malgorzata M. Formalewicz, F. Ronchi, Umberto Traldi, G. Giorgi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81485","url":null,"abstract":"In the last 60 years, plastic has become a widely used material due to its versatil-ity and wide range of applications. This characteristic, together with its persistence, makes plastic waste a growing environmental problem, particularly in the marine ecosystems. The production of plant-derived biodegradable plastic polymers is assum-ing increasing importance. Here, we report the results of a first preliminary characterization of carbon stable isotopes ( δ 13 C) of different plastic polymers (petroleum- and plant-derived) and a first experimental study aimed to determine carbon isotopic shift due to polymer degradation in an aquatic environment. The results showed that the δ 13 C values determined in different packaging for food uses reflect the plant origin for “BIO” materials and the petroleum-derived source for plastic materials. Considering degradation, δ 13 C values of both bio bags and HDPE bags showed a gradual decrease toward less negative values when kept immersed in seawater, recording a δ 13 C variation ( Δδ 13 C) of 1.15 and 1.78‰, respectively. With respect to other analytical methods, the characterization of the plastic polymer composition by isotope ratio mass spectrometry is advantageous due to low cost and rapidity of analysis, small amount of sample required, high sensitivity, and the possibility of analyzing colored samples.","PeriodicalId":118214,"journal":{"name":"Plastics in the Environment","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127555815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Study of the Technical Feasibility of the Use of Polypropylene Residue in Composites for Automotive Industry 聚丙烯渣用于汽车复合材料的技术可行性研究

Plastics in the Environment Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81147

Denis R. Dias, M. J. O. Guimarães, C. Nascimento, C. A. Costa, Giovanio L. de Oliveira, M. C. Andrade, A. M. F. Sousa, A. L. N. Silva, Elen B. A. V. Pacheco

引用次数: 1

Technological Approaches for the Reduction of Microplastic Pollution in Seawater Desalination Plants and for Sea Salt Extraction 减少海水淡化厂微塑料污染及海盐提取的技术途径

Plastics in the Environment Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81180

Katrin Schuhen, M. Sturm, Adrian Frank Herbort

{"title":"Technological Approaches for the Reduction of Microplastic Pollution in Seawater Desalination Plants and for Sea Salt Extraction","authors":"Katrin Schuhen, M. Sturm, Adrian Frank Herbort","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81180","url":null,"abstract":"An increasingly serious and widespread problem is the introduction of plastics into the water cycle. The poor degradability leads to the plastic waste remaining in water for a long time and over time it fragments into smaller and smaller plastic particles. Both the visible plastic parts and in particular their decomposition products and functionalized plastic particles are an enormous burden. Seawater desalination and sea salt extraction are highly dependent on the quality of the seawater in terms of process utilization and cost structures, i.e., on the level of pollution. Especially microparticles represent a significant potential for blocking the microfiltration membranes (pore size > 100 nm) in the pretreatment and the very costly reverse osmosis (RO) membranes (pore size > 5 nm). An innovative approach for the removal of microplastics from industrially used seawater combines a chemically induced agglomeration and a new technological implementation step. The particular challenge in removing the synthetic impurities is not only their small size but also their inert properties against most of the physical and chemical additives for flocculation. With an easy implementation to existing systems, an economic aspect and a strong impact on the maritime ecological balance will be expected.","PeriodicalId":118214,"journal":{"name":"Plastics in the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130799856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

From Macroplastic to Microplastic Litter: Occurrence, Composition, Source Identification and Interaction with Aquatic Organisms. Experiences from the Adriatic Sea 从大塑性到微塑性凋落物:发生、组成、来源鉴定及其与水生生物的相互作用。来自亚得里亚海的经验

Plastics in the Environment Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81534

A. Gomiero, P. Strafella, G. Fabi

{"title":"From Macroplastic to Microplastic Litter: Occurrence, Composition, Source Identification and Interaction with Aquatic Organisms. Experiences from the Adriatic Sea","authors":"A. Gomiero, P. Strafella, G. Fabi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81534","url":null,"abstract":"Marine litter is human-created waste that has been discharged into the coastal or marine environment. “Marine debris” is defined as anthropogenic, manufactured, or processed solid material discarded, disposed of, or abandoned in the environment, including all materials discarded into the sea, on the shore, or brought indi-rectly to the sea by rivers, sewage, storm water, waves, or winds. A large fraction of marine debris is made up of plastic items. Plastic marine debris has become one of the most prevalent pollution related problems affecting the marine environment globally. The widespread challenge of managing marine litter is a useful illustration of the global and transboundary nature of many marine environmental problems. At a global level, plastic litter constitutes 83–87% of all marine litter. Land-based sources are estimated to be responsible for approximately 80% of marine litter. The largest portion of plastic associated with marine pollution is often linked to the contribution from terrestrial sources associated with accidental or deliberate spills as well as inefficient waste management systems in heavily anthropized coastal regions. This chapter is intended to serve as a catalyst for further discussion to explore the potential for developing a Mediterranean regional framework for addressing marine litter.","PeriodicalId":118214,"journal":{"name":"Plastics in the Environment","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133208812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15