{"title":"Copyright Law and Price Discrimination","authors":"M. Meurer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.274729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.274729","url":null,"abstract":"I show that copyright law is intimately connected to price discrimination. First, price discrimination is common in markets for copyrighted works. Second, many features of copyright law affect resale or personal arbitrage and so influence the profitability of price discrimination. For example, the first sale doctrine and the fair use doctrine often facilitate arbitrage and discourage discrimination, while the derivative and public performance rights impede arbitrage and promote discrimination. Third, optimal copyright policy requires attention to the social costs and benefits from price discrimination. I use models of price discrimination to unify the analysis of a wide range of copyright policy issues. I argue that public performance rights are desirable because they support fine-grained price discrimination and displace other forms of price discrimination that have greater social cost. I argue against a broad definition of the derivative right that includes movie merchandise. Movie merchandising usually imposes allocative and implementation costs with little offsetting benefit in terms of creative incentive. I show that personal copying and other activities possibly covered by fair use have mixed effects on price discrimination and social welfare. Finally, I argue that the importation right should not cover gray market goods and should not be used to facilitate geographic price discrimination.","PeriodicalId":112939,"journal":{"name":"Stanford/Yale Junior Faculty Forum","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129705839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Labour and Intersubjectivity: Notes on the Natural Law of Copyright","authors":"Abraham Drassinower","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.275470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.275470","url":null,"abstract":"The paper develops a theoretical approach to copyright law centred on authorial right, yet capable of accounting for the public interest in access to and dissemination of intellectual creations. The paper questions the deployment of Locke's labour theory of property in the formulation of a rights-based view of copyright, and offers a rights-based interpretation of the idea/expression dichotomy inspired by Kant's theory of property. Whereas Locke understood the property right in terms of the category of labour, Kant posited that, as a relation between persons, the property right cannot be derived from a unilateral act - such as labour - of a person on a thing. Deploying the interpersonal dimension of the property right, the paper demonstrates that the idea/expression dichotomy normatively structures the relation between the parties to a copyright action in terms of their equal rights to authorship. To the extent that the defendant has not copied the plaintiff's expression but has instead expressed an idea anew, the defendant has exercised her own authorship. The limits of the plaintiff's right (i.e. the law's refusal to copyright ideas) are thus the contours of a public domain that, as a matter of equality, the plaintiff himself must be held to recognize.","PeriodicalId":112939,"journal":{"name":"Stanford/Yale Junior Faculty Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129048515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}