Planta Animalia最新文献

{"title":"Surveillance of Apple Scab at Balochistan and Its <i>Invitro </i>Management through Synthetic Fungicides","authors":"Attaullah Kakar, Muhammad Waris, Fazal Haq, Basheer Ahmed, Sumbel Musa, Jahangir Khan, Jahangir Shah","doi":"10.71454/pa.004.02.0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.71454/pa.004.02.0206","url":null,"abstract":"Apple is one of the most widely cultivated specie in the genus Malus × domestica. It is one of the most important temperate fruits of Balochistan. Several diseases attack apple caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Apple scab is one of the major diseases of apple throughout the temperate regions of the world. The study was conducted to get acquainted with the distribution, incidence, and severity of apple diseases, a systematic survey was carried out in four districts of uplands of Balochistan (Killa Saifullah, Pishin, Killa Abdullah and Quetta) to check the disease incidence. An experiment was conducted to control the pathogen in vitro conditions with different concentrations of fungicides. The research was managed in randomize complete design (CRD) and mycellial growth was examined. However, the efficacy of some selected fungicides, such as (Proctor plus 50%EC, Aerosal 70%WP, Puslan 72%WP, Dew 25% EC and Stroll plus 30% SC) with three concentrations (150, 250, 350 ppm) against apple scab. The results manifested that among all fungicides Proctor plus 50%EC was more effective in dropping the linear colony growth of the fungus, whereas Dew 25% EC and Stroll plus 30% SC) appeared moderately effective, and Aerosal 70%WP, Puslan 72%WP were less effective. The present study revealed that apple scab could be effectively managed Proctor plus 50%EC fungicide, which could be future prospective in controlling the apple scabe under field conditions and data was statistically analyzed.","PeriodicalId":112512,"journal":{"name":"Planta Animalia","volume":"4 2","pages":"225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147919847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Diversity Pattern of Plants along Environmental Variables at Qazi Nag Range, Kashmir Region, Western Himalaya","authors":"Tariq Habib, Sadheer Ahmad, Zeeshan Hashmat Mughal","doi":"10.55627/pa.01.1.0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/pa.01.1.0158","url":null,"abstract":"Species composition and abundance patterns in eighteen forest sites from 1700m to 3400m elevation were studied to evaluate species diversity and richness at Qazi Nag Range, Kashmir region, Western Himalaya. Evaluation of species diversity was determined by Shannon-Weiner's index of diversity (H') Sheldon evenness index (E) and Margalef species richness index (R'). Species diversity values ranged from 3.497 to 2.773 at 1700m and 3400m respectively whereas species richness varied from 1.83 (1700m) to 0.8 at 3200m. The species diversity and richness values were recorded higher from 2300 to 2600 m having best combination of heat and precipitation which ensure survival of more species. Diversity values declined towards upper and lower reaches, which might be due to flow of individuals from both upslope and low-lying areas. Correlation analyses showed that the environmental variables as altitude and potassium were found negatively correlated with diversity index while pH, EC Organic matter and soil saturation were recorded positively correlated with species diversity. This study highlights the importance of local and landscape scale environmental variables on species diversity and vegetation patterns in Kashmir Region, Western Himalaya","PeriodicalId":112512,"journal":{"name":"Planta Animalia","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116145610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Eco-friendly Management of Dry Rot of Potato in Rawalpindi and Islamabad","authors":"A. Ullah, M. Inam-ul-Haq, G. Irshad","doi":"10.55627/pa.01.1.0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/pa.01.1.0153","url":null,"abstract":"The dry rot disease of potato is caused by Fusarium species is a disastrous disease of potato as postharvest disease that can contribute huge losses of potato during storage. During current study market based survey was done in Rawalpindi and Islamabad during year 2021to estimate the disease prevalence and diseases losses during storage of different potato verities in different months. It revealed that maximum dry rot disease prevalence of potato was 1.90%, 1.86% in Rawalpindi and Islamabad respectively. Fungi isolates were isolated from diseases samples and were preserved and identified on the basis of cultural and morphological keys. The pathogenicity test confirmed the virulence of pathogenic fungal isolates. Among the cultivars, average loss of dry rot of potato within the three months; August and September, October were found in cultivar Kuroda and Lady Rosetta was 1.36% and 1.21% respectively in Rawalpindi  while 1.86% and 1.48% average loss was estimated in Kuroda and Lady Rosetta respectively in Islamabad. During disease management studies in which biocontrol agent (Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus) were used during the dual culture technique and P. fluorescence was found most effective which reduced the 70% growth of fungal isolates and the maximum zone of inhibition 16mm was calculated. These preliminary postharvest disease studies will ultimately a source of information for the researchers and industrialist to develop cost effective and ecofriendly management against dry rot disease of potato during storage conditions.","PeriodicalId":112512,"journal":{"name":"Planta Animalia","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131071621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bombus haemorrhoidalis Abundance in Comparison with other Insect Pollinators from Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan","authors":"U. Sheikh, Muhammad Imran, J. Rahim, M. A. Ghaffar","doi":"10.55627/pa.01.1.0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/pa.01.1.0159","url":null,"abstract":"Bumblebees are important pollinators in both wild and managed cropping system and from the last few decades these bees are using as commercial pollinators to enhance the yield in greenhouse and glasshouse crops like tomato, cucumber and bell pepper. Indigenous bumblebee Bombus haemorrhoidalis, is an important pollinator of Northern Pakistan and plays key role in wild pollination. Present study was conducted to explore the relative abundance of B. haemorrhoidalis in comparison with other common insect pollinators. Monthly surveys were conducted from March, 2017 to February, 2018 to record the abundance of different pollinators. Hymenopteran pollinators were found as most abundant insect order with six species following by Lepidopteran pollinators with five species. B. haemorrhoidalis recorded with maximum abundance and Syrphus spp were recorded with second highest abundance. Maximum diversity of pollinators was observed at Banjosa and Paniola areas. Such ecological information about pollinators is important for possible conservation program in this region and it is also will be helpful in conservation program of Bumblebees in future","PeriodicalId":112512,"journal":{"name":"Planta Animalia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128202170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Bacterial Speck of Tomato caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in AJK, Pakistan","authors":"R. Ahmed","doi":"10.55627/pa.01.1.0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/pa.01.1.0152","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is the second most cultivated vegetable crop. World production of tomato is about 177 million metric tons from 4.78 million ha, and Pakistan contributed an annual production of 2.9 million metric tons from 0.15 million ha (FAO, 2021). The bacterial speck of tomato caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato has devastated tomato cultivars in terms of their production and quality in Poonch, AJK, Pakistan. In a systemic field survey of tomato growing areas of Poonch division including Rawalakot, Bagh and Hajira, 23 fields were selected randomly with an approximately 10km apart from each other in the temperate climate ranging temperature from 18-22 ℃ with humidity more than 70%. It was observed small black spots with yellow haloes on tomato leaves and on fruits small, dark slightly raised lesions were observed (Mensi et al., 2018). On the basis of symptomological parameters average disease incidence of 42% was observed. Twelve isolates were recovered from the collected leaf, twig and fruit samples on King’s B medium while incubation temperature was 27±2 ℃. All the isolates were gram found gram negative and produced levan when grown on sucrose supplemented medium. Hypersensitive reaction of all the isolates was positive on tobacco leaves and were non-fluorescent under UV light. Pathogenicity test was performed on tomato seedlings inoculated with bacterial suspension having concentration of 108 CFU/ml with five replications and for control treatment sterile distilled water was used. Small dark brown to black spots similar to the symptoms found in the field were observed while no symptoms appeared in the control thus confirming the Koch’s postulates (Valenzuela et al., 2022). The amplification of 16s rRNA and gyrB gene of two isolates was done using 16s rRNA universal primer and an housekeeping gene primer respectively by polymerase chain reaction as described by Karlson et al. (1993) and Yamamoto et al. (2000). The amplicones of 16s rRNA gene were sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. MK591077 and MK591130) and found 99% identical to the 16s rRNAgene sequences from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Pathogen was also confirmed by amplification of specific gene sequence gyrB gene (GenBank Accession Nos. MK608712 and MK608713) and successfully amplified 890bp gene sequence confirming the 99% identity upon BLAST. To best of our knowledge it is the first report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in AJK, Pakistan and was previously reported in Chile (Valenzuela et al., 2022), Tunisia (Mensi et al., 2018), California (Arredondo and Davis, 2000) and in several other countries in the world. The results of the current study will devise further epidemiological studies and quarantine measures to limit the outbreak of this disease on tomato.","PeriodicalId":112512,"journal":{"name":"Planta Animalia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129985534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epizootiology of Fasciolosis in Sheep (Ovis aries) Raising in Geoclimatic Setting of Poonch District of Azad Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"A. Mushtaq, N. Ahmad, A. Shamim, M. Hassan","doi":"10.55627/pa.01.1.0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55627/pa.01.1.0116","url":null,"abstract":"Fasciolosis is wide spread parasitic disease of herbivores outcomes in the form of financial losses in livestock looking in the form of deaths, infected livers, reduced growth, milk, meat and wool production. The presentinvestigation was intended to find out prevalence of ovine Fasciolosis in (Poonch) Rawalakot Azad Kashmir. For said determination, 300 sheep belong todifferent age groups and genders were randomly selected. Out of these, 101(33.6%) animals were found positive for Fasciolosis through coprological examination. The results demonstrated that 34.6% prevalence of Fasciolosis in female sheep and 30.6%in male sheep. There was insignificant variance in prevalence of Fasciolosis based on gender of sheep. Significant difference infrequencyof fasciolosis (P < 0.05) was found amongst sheep of different age groups. It was concluded that Fasciolosis is prevalent is sheep in and around Rawalakot Azad Jammu & Kashmir and is continuous threat to the health and production of sheep.","PeriodicalId":112512,"journal":{"name":"Planta Animalia","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126465738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}