Památky archeologické最新文献

{"title":"Recenze / Reviews","authors":"Lenka Černá, Ondřej Chvojka","doi":"10.35686/pa2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Recenzované publikace / Reviewed publications:\u0000Karsten Wentink: Stereotype. The role of grave sets in Corded Ware and Bell Beaker funerary Practises (rec./rev. by Lenka Černá), 269–273,\u0000\u0000Monika Griebl – Benedikt Biederer: Die Speichergruben der späturnenfelderzeitlichen Wallanlage von Stillfried an der March. Von der Getreidelagerung bis zur profanen oder kultischen Verfüllung. Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen Kommission, Band 92 (rec./rev. by Ondřej Chvojka), 273–276","PeriodicalId":111564,"journal":{"name":"Památky archeologické","volume":"316 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neolithic as a Historical Period and its Eurasian Variants / Neolit jako historické období a jeho podoby v Eurasii","authors":"I. Pavlů, Petr Čechák","doi":"10.35686/pa2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"It has become evident that the term Neolithic needs to be expanded to encompass the historical period during which human societies began, in various ways, to break away from a dependence on the products of natural evolution. This change was without doubt due to climatic oscillations which, over several centuries, disrupted the steady life of Palaeolithic hunters. New findings have shattered the unified notion of what was previously termed the Neolithic into a series of regionally and chronologically specific complexes. The first step is to redefine the terms ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ Neolithic according to the different developments that led to the emergence of pottery.","PeriodicalId":111564,"journal":{"name":"Památky archeologické","volume":"234 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jihočeská hradiště z přelomu starší a střední doby bronzové / South Bohemian Hillforts During the Transition from the Early to Middle Bronze Age","authors":"Daniel Hlásek, Tomáš Bayer, Lenka Kovačiková, R. Křivánek, J. Novák, Václav Vondrovský, Tereza Šálková","doi":"10.35686/pa2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Článek shrnuje poznatky o hradištích z přelomu starší a střední doby bronzové v jižních Čechách, kterých bylo dosaženo moderními výzkumy, geofyzikálními průzkumy a detektorovými prospekcemi v letech 2013–2020. Za jistá hradiště lze označit pouze lokality s moderně prozkoumaným a jistě datovaným opevněním. Jsou jimi Kostelec, Vrcovice, Skočice a Všemyslice – Kozí vrch. Dále je z regionu známo ještě dalších 22 potencionálních hradišť. Rozborem archeologických nálezů a získaných radiokarbonových dat byly definovány dvě fáze budování hradišť – sklonek starší doby bronzové (Br A2/B1) a počátek střední doby bronzové (Br B1). Modelací radiokarbonových dat je horizont vymezen intervalem 1800/1730–1490/1440 př. Kr., přechod mezi fázemi nastal mezi léty 1670–1610 př. Kr. Rozšířila se pramenná základna pro výzkum metalurgické činnosti, ale také vojenství. Opevnění se skládalo vždy z hradby, obvykle kamenné konstrukce s dřevěnou armaturou, která byla v základu široká kolem 6 m a její rekonstruovaná výška přesahovala 3 m. Hradba takřka vždy zanikla požárem. Opevněný prostor se pohyboval do 1 ha. Podařilo se doložit budování sídlištních teras. Byly pořízeny prameny k rekonstrukci původního přírodního prostředí a subsistence tehdejších populací.\u0000\u0000The work summarises knowledge of hillforts from the period between the Early and Middle Bronze Age in south Bohemia that were subjected to modern excavations, geophysical survey and metal detector prospection in the years 2013–2020. Only sites where the fortification has been modernly investigated and surely dated can be designated as hillforts with certainty, i.e., Kostelec, Vrcovice, Skočice and Všemyslice – Kozí vrch, while another 22 potential hillforts are known from the region. An analysis of the archaeological finds and obtained radiocarbon dates was used to define two phases in the construction of hillforts – the end of the Early Bronze Age (Br A2/B1) and the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age (Br B1). Based on the modelling of radiocarbon dates, the horizon is defined by the interval 1800/1730–1490/1440 BC, and the transition between phases occurred in 1670–1610 BC. The source base of metallurgical activity and the military expanded. The fortifications were always composed of wall, typically a stone construction with wooden elements, around 6 m wide at the base and a reconstructed height of over 3 m. The walls were nearly always destroyed by fire. The enclosed fortified area was up to 1 ha. The construction of settlement terraces was documented. Sources were acquired for a reconstruction of the original natural environment and subsistence of the population at the time.","PeriodicalId":111564,"journal":{"name":"Památky archeologické","volume":"162 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vícečetné hroby únětické kultury. Nové objevy z Roudnice nad Labem (okr. Litoměřice) a z Chleb (okr. Nymburk) / Mass Graves of Únětice Culture. New Discoveries from Roudnice nad Labem (Litoměřice District) and Chleby (Nymburk District) in the Czech Republic","authors":"Ondřej Švejcar, Petr Krištuf, Martin Trefný, Jana Kuljavceva Hlavová, E. Průchová, Luka Papac, Michal Ernée","doi":"10.35686/pa2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"Předmětem článku je zpracování a genetická analýza dvou hromadných hrobů únětické kultury (z Roudnice nad Labem a z Chleb) a jejich možná interpretace. Oba hroby lze zařadit do staršího období únětické kultury a z běžného rámce jejího pohřebního ritu vybočují především velkým počtem identifikovaných pohřbených jedinců (18 a 15–18). Celkem 15 jedinců z obou hrobů bylo podrobeno analýze DNA (u 14 úspěšné) a její výsledky byly konfrontovány s možnou interpretací tohoto typu hrobů jako rodinných hrobek. Na základě výsledků analýzy DNA a identifikovaných příbuzenských vazeb se však ukázalo, že ani v jednom z případů nenáleželi pohřbení jedinci pouze k jedné biologické rodině.\u0000\u0000The subject of the article is the processing and genetic analysis of two mass graves of the Únětice culture from Roudnice nad Labem and Chleby and their possible interpretation. Both graves date to the early period of the Únětice culture and they deviate from the typical framework of this period’s burial rite primarily in the large number of identified buried individuals (18 and 15–18). A combined total of 15 individuals from both graves were subjected to DNA analysis (14 successfully) and the results were evaluated in the context of these graves possibly representing family tombs. However, based on the results of DNA analyses and identified biological kinship relationships, it was shown that in neither tomb did the buried individuals belong to a single biological family.","PeriodicalId":111564,"journal":{"name":"Památky archeologické","volume":"141 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}