Joel T. Abrahamson, Hollis Z. Beagi, F. Salmon, C. Campbell
{"title":"Optically Clear Adhesives for OLED","authors":"Joel T. Abrahamson, Hollis Z. Beagi, F. Salmon, C. Campbell","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88659","url":null,"abstract":"Optically clear adhesives (OCA) have been used for more than a decade to bond rigid LCD and AMOLED displays for consumer electronics applications, offering optical, mechanical, and electrical performance benefits. The performance requirements of an OCA to bond cover window, touch sensors, and circular polarizers in a plastic OLED display to bent cover glass or a flexible, foldable OLED display are drastically different from a flat, rigid device. For plastic OLED to bent cover glass bonding, the adhesive needs to be strong enough to resist spring back of the flat, plastic OLED devices. For flexible, foldable OLED displays, the neutral plane needs to be managed during folding keeping strain to a minimum in critical layers of the device (e.g., touch sensor, TFT, TFE), and the OCA cannot deform (or cause other layers to deform) during the folding process. Folding also brings challenges to touch sensors that can no longer use conventional passivation layers. As a result, the OCA will be responsible for preventing corrosion of touch sensor materials such as metal mesh, silver nanowire, carbon nanotube, and graphene. The chapter will discuss OCA performance requirements for rigid, flexible, and foldable OLED bonding.","PeriodicalId":111525,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence - OLED Technology and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114883233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alhama Arjona-Esteban, Barbara Szafranowska, J. Ochsmann
{"title":"TADF Technology for Efficient Blue OLEDs: Status and Challenges from an Industrial Point of View","authors":"Alhama Arjona-Esteban, Barbara Szafranowska, J. Ochsmann","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86534","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of OLED technology for display applications over the past decade was impressive. Today, OLED displays can be found everywhere, for example, in smart-phones, TVs, smartwatches, monitors, cars, or digital cameras. However, as technology advances, the need for better OLED materials which help to improve energy efficiency and resolution of OLED displays is growing. While for the red and green pixels, phosphorescent materials have allowed for a boost in performance, the use of fluorescent materials for the blue pixel still limits the efficiency of OLED displays. Academic research has demonstrated many improvements regarding the efficiency of blue OLEDs using phosphorescent or TADF materials. However, studies on the limitations of device lifetime are rare. In the present chapter, the development of blue OLEDs based on TADF emitters is discussed from an industrial point of view. First, the material design principles for TADF molecules as well as the requirements for efficient blue TADF emitters are discussed. Moreover, a short literature over-view on the latest improvements in blue TADF materials in academia and industry is presented. Finally, an outlook on this technology, its industrial possibilities, and alternatives is given.","PeriodicalId":111525,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence - OLED Technology and Applications","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116679138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Yoo, Dong-Woo Kang, J. Kwon, Sunho Park, Jeong Sub Hwang, Don Gyou Lee, Bu-Yeol Lee, In Byeong Kang
{"title":"Picture Quality and Sound Quality of OLED TVs","authors":"J. Yoo, Dong-Woo Kang, J. Kwon, Sunho Park, Jeong Sub Hwang, Don Gyou Lee, Bu-Yeol Lee, In Byeong Kang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86647","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike the past when cathode-ray tube (CRT) dominated display industry, many different types of flat panel displays (FPDs) are now leading the industry. Of these, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display has recently become a next-generation display since this display is recognised as having advantages over other competing technologies in picture quality and form factor. With major attributes of picture quality considered, a series of evaluations based on objective measures was performed with an OLED TV compared to an LCD TV. OLED TV outperformed LCD TV 100 times in black, 20 times in colour contrast, 30% in dynamic range coverage, 50 times in local contrast and 20 times in viewing angle. In addition, sound quality of the OLED TV was assessed using both objective and subjective evaluation methods compared to conventional TV speakers since OLED panel speaker technology was recently commercialised. The OLED panel speaker showed better performance both in objective and subjective methods.","PeriodicalId":111525,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence - OLED Technology and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128800520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Luminescent Materials in Lighting, Display, Solar Cell, Sensing, and Biomedical Applications","authors":"A. Soni, B. Singh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82123","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter comprises a broader extent of the luminescence phenomenon with the mechanism involved therein as well as applications. Typically, the up and down conversion and downshifting behavior of the optical materials have been elucidated in brief. The fundamental understanding of these optical materials has been described by using schematic representations. It is well documented that the rare earth-based optical materials are known for their luminescent enrichment due to availability of the ladder-like energy levels. These energy levels can be utilized for the excitation of the luminescent materials by using a suitable excitation source. In the process of development of luminescent materials, choice of host matrices and dopant ions is very crucial. Strong correlation of these optical materials has been shown with the current scenario of our society and daily life. In view of the ongoing research, nanophosphor, glasses, and quantum dots with size- and shape-dependent optical behavior have been given in detail. The involved mechanism and the energy transfer phenomenon have been well elucidated by schematic and figures for the evident explanation to the readers. Our emphasis is to elucidate these optical materials in the development of innovative multifunctional applications such as lighting, display,","PeriodicalId":111525,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence - OLED Technology and Applications","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123811258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanism of Photoluminescence in Erbium-Doped Chalcogenide","authors":"V. Halyan, I. Ivashchenko","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81445","url":null,"abstract":"The monograph describes the technique of the synthesis of glasses and the method of the growth of erbium-doped single crystals. The photoluminescence spectra of Ag 0.05 Ga 0.05 Ge 0.95 S 2 -Er 2 S 3 glasses and glasses from the Ga 2 S 3 -La 2 S 3 -Er 2 S 3 system have been investigated in the visible and near-infrared ranges. According to the energy transitions in the erbium ions, a radiation mechanism for conversion and up-conversion luminescence has been established. The role of structural ordering and the influence of defects on the radiation efficiency of Er 3+ ions have been investigated. The spectra of photoluminescence of (Ga 54.59 In 44.66 Er 0.75 ) 2 S 300 and (Ga 69.75 La 29.75 Er 0.5 ) 2 S 300 single crystals have been studied. The efficiency of the radiation of the amorphous and crystalline materials has been compared. Also, the temperature dependence of the integral intensity of the radiation of glasses and single crystals has been studied. It is established that in a limited temperature range, these materials can be used for the manufacture of non-contact optical thermosensors.","PeriodicalId":111525,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence - OLED Technology and Applications","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114434365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Triboluminescence: Materials, Properties, and Applications","authors":"Zhaofeng Wang, Fu Wang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81444","url":null,"abstract":"Triboluminescence is one of the types of luminescence that could be activated by mechanical stress. Considering the rising research efforts and achievements in recent years, this chapter provides an overview on the study of triboluminescence. The first part gives a background description regarding the history, research status, and advantages of triboluminescence. Then, we summarize the material systems for triboluminescence in both organics and inorganics. In the third part, we review the properties of triboluminescence, particularly on the unique characteristics and their improvements. Finally, we give a comprehensive summary on the developments of triboluminescent devices for applications in various fields in terms of mechanical engineering, energy, biological monitoring, and sensors as well as lighting, imaging, and displaying.","PeriodicalId":111525,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence - OLED Technology and Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130519240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}