{"title":"Plural Classifier xie and Grammatical Number in Mandarin Chinese","authors":"Y. Wu","doi":"10.5070/bf221044622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/bf221044622","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Wu, Yi-Chi | Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of Mandarin Chinese as having both singular classifiers and a plural classifier, xie. The Num head is the cross-linguistic locus for number marking, hosting both plural suffixes (such as English -s) and classifiers. As Mandarin bare nouns are general number (inclusive plural), singular classifiers create a singular reading while plural classifier xie creates a plural (exclusive plural) reading; thus Mandarin makes a three-way grammatical number distinction.","PeriodicalId":110880,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Papers in Formal Linguistics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127043768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Kampa Consonants","authors":"Eric Chen","doi":"10.5070/bf221043963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/bf221043963","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Chen, Eric | Abstract: This article reconstructs the Proto-Kampa (Arawakan: Peru) consonant inventory using lexical data from Nomatsigenga, Asheninka, Pajonal Asheninka, Ashaninka, Kakinte, and Matsigenka. Cognate set and correspondence set construction was partly automated by the use of LingPy, Edictor, and Lingrex—computational tools developed by Johann Mattis-List. I agree with Michael (2010) in reconstructing an inventory of /m, n, N, p, b, t, k, g, ts, tʃ, s, ʃ, h, ɾ, j/. Sound changes that affected these Proto-Kampa consonants in the daughter varieties include palatalization, the development of contrastive aspiration in Asheninka and Pajonal, *Np g m and *Nk g ŋ in Nomatsigenga, lenition and loss of *g, and loss of *h.","PeriodicalId":110880,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Papers in Formal Linguistics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131049637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pragmatic Influences on Argument Word Order in Karuk Narrative Texts","authors":"K. Yu","doi":"10.5070/BF231053222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BF231053222","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Yu, Kevin | Abstract: Karuk is a non-configurational, polysynthetic, headmarking language spoken near the Klamath River in Northern California (Davis et al., 2020). This paper seeks to answer the following question about Karuk word order: what factors significantly influence the order in which nominal arguments appear with respect to their verbs? Specifically, I examine whether or not the following factors have a significant effect on word order: referential distance, topic persistence, thematic continuity, predicate transitivity, and animacy. Using a logistic regression model, I found that referential distance was a significant predictor of subject position (p l 0.05) and that animacy was a significant predictor of object position (p l 0.05). My findings indicate that for subjects, lower values of referential distance are correlated with a greater frequency of postverbal realizations. In addition, I found that animate objects are more likely than inanimate ones to appear postverbally. With some variations, my findings concerning referential distance are similar to findings from Ute (Givon, 1983a), Klamath (Meyer, 1992), and Chamorro (Cooreman, 1992), and my study supports the prediction that postverbal position has a tendency to encode continuous referents in languages with pragmatically controlled word order (Givon, 1983b). On the other hand, my findings concerning animacy suggest an iconic relationship between the markedness of animate objects in Karuk and the markedness of postverbal word order.","PeriodicalId":110880,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Papers in Formal Linguistics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125048695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}