Moad Ehfeda, A. Ganaw, Sohel Mohamed Gamal Ahmed, Arshad H. Chanda, Zia Mahood, Salem Jabira, Hossam Algallie, A. Almaqadma, Mahmud M.A. Ben Masoud, A. O. M. Khair, Qazi Zeeshan
{"title":"Anaesthetic Considerations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopies","authors":"Moad Ehfeda, A. Ganaw, Sohel Mohamed Gamal Ahmed, Arshad H. Chanda, Zia Mahood, Salem Jabira, Hossam Algallie, A. Almaqadma, Mahmud M.A. Ben Masoud, A. O. M. Khair, Qazi Zeeshan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96687","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal endoscopy has become fundamental procedure for diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases. Generally, the gastrointestinal endoscopy is minimally invasive procedure. However, it can cause considerable amount of discomfort and pain which make the procedure unsafe, complicated and refusal of follow up procedures if done without safe sedation. The sedation is required to alleviate anxiety, provide analgesia, amnesia and to improve endoscopic performance specifically in therapeutic procedures. The safe administration of sedative and analgesic medications, irrespective of the regimen used, requires knowledge of the individual needs of patients. The combination of benzodiazepines and opioids is now the most widely used sedation regimen for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. Generally, sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy is considered safe, however, it has the potential for serious complications. Therefore, endoscopist should assess the patients properly before the endoscopy as well as should be aware of all possible complications and the risk factors. Furthermore, skilled staff and emergency equipment should be available in endoscopy suit. This chapter discuss in details all the aspects of safe procedural sedation during GI endoscopies.","PeriodicalId":110151,"journal":{"name":"Gastritis [Working Title]","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114236647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincenzo Neri, N. Tartaglia, A. Fersini, P. Cianci, M. Pacilli, G. Pavone, A. Ambrosi
{"title":"Gastroduodenal Lesions Associated with Portal Hypertension: An Extensive Review","authors":"Vincenzo Neri, N. Tartaglia, A. Fersini, P. Cianci, M. Pacilli, G. Pavone, A. Ambrosi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96296","url":null,"abstract":"The block of the portal flow by obstacles in prehepatic, hepatic or posthepatic site and alterations of the splanchnic blood flow are the pathological conditions that lead to portal hypertension. The portal hypertension can cause also others gastroduodenal lesions, potentially hemorrhagic, in addition to esophageal varices commonly developed and habitual source of bleeding in these patients. The gastroduodenal lesions associated with portal hypertension, usually encountered in the clinical practice, are portal hypertensive gastropaty, gastric antral vascular ectasia, gastric and duodenal ulcer, isolated gastric varices. The pathophysiology and clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of these lesions are examined.","PeriodicalId":110151,"journal":{"name":"Gastritis [Working Title]","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130703222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}