Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VII最新文献

{"title":"Front Matter: Volume 10704","authors":"","doi":"10.1117/12.2505509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2505509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109872,"journal":{"name":"Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VII","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125163251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new sky subtraction optimised flat field calibration system for the 3.9m Anglo-Australian telescope (Conference Presentation)","authors":"A. Horton, C. Lidman, Doug Gray, P. Xavier","doi":"10.1117/12.2313343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109872,"journal":{"name":"Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VII","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129280836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STARS: framework for scheduling telescopes and space missions like CARMENES, TJO and ARIEL-ESA (Conference Presentation)","authors":"A. Garcia-Piquer, J. Colomé, J. Morales, I. Ribas, J. Guàrdia, J. Castroviejo, E. O. Wilhelmi, D. Torres, F. Vilardell","doi":"10.1117/12.2313209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313209","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient scheduling of astronomical surveys is a challenge with an increasing level of complexity as the observation strategies are becoming more sophisticated and operational costs are higher. In general, any kind of astronomical survey requires the execution of a huge number of observations fulfilling several constraints. The fulfillment and optimization of these constraints is a key factor for obtaining an efficient schedule with an adequate exploitation of the resources and with a high scientific return. In this contribution, we present the framework STARS (Scheduling Telescopes as Autonomous Robotic Systems) that computes optimal schedules for a variety of space- and ground-based infrastructures and scientific exploitation plans. STARS provides methods, tools and libraries for the definition of surveys (e.g., objects to observe, features of the objects, observation constraints), the definition of the observatories (e.g., location, number of telescopes, type of telescopes, sub-array configurations), the usage of astronomical calculations (e.g., object coordinates, object elevation, Sun and Moon position, Moon phase), and the application of schedulers (e.g., long-term, short-term) based on Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and astronomy-based heuristics.\u0000\u0000In STARS, two main types of schedulers are defined: long-term and short-term. The long-term scheduler is focused on scheduling object observations with a time scope ranging from one night to several months or years. It considers the observation constraints (hard-constraints) that can be predicted beforehand, and it optimizes some objectives (soft constraints) by using GAs. The execution of the long-term scheduler can be time-expensive, but it is not time-critical because it can be run before the start of the telescope operation, so it can be used as a standalone scheduling tool. On the other hand, the short-term scheduler computes in real-time the next observation (or scheduling block) to be executed by optimizing some soft constraints, fulfilling all the hard constraints and by considering all the observations previously executed. The short-term scheduler is time-critical and reacts in less than a second to the changing conditions (weather, errors, delays, targets of opportunity). It uses astronomy-based heuristics to repair the schedule obtained by the long-term scheduler, in order to keep the long-term perspective while avoiding intensive calculations.\u0000\u0000STARS has been successfully applied in several ground and space-based observatories. It is used to operate the CARMENES instrument (Calar Alto, carmenes.caha.es) and the Joan Oro robotic Telescope (www.oadm.cat). It is used to prototype the mission planning tool for the ARIEL M4-ESA candidate mission, and in prototypes for large ground-based installations, such i.e. the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Finally, STARS is also being extended to cover multi-observatory coordinated scheduling purposes, under the framework of the EU-H2020 ASTERICS proje","PeriodicalId":109872,"journal":{"name":"Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VII","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133260561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordance: In-flight calibration of x-ray telescopes without absolute references (Conference Presentation)","authors":"H. Marshall, V. Kashyap, M. Guainazzi, Yang Chen, Xufei Wang, X. Meng, J. Drake","doi":"10.1117/12.2314218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314218","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a process for cross-calibrating the effective areas of X-ray telescopes that observe common targets. The targets are not assumed to be \"standard candles\" in the classic sense, in that the only constraint placed on the source flux is that it is the same for all instruments. We apply a technique developed by Chen et al. (submitted to J. Amer. Stat. Association) that involves a popular statistical method called shrinkage estimation, which effectively reduces the noise in disparate measurements by combining information across common observations. We can then determine effective area correction factors for each instrument that brings all observatories into the best agreement, consistent with prior knowledge of their effective areas. We have preliminary values that characterize systematic uncertainties in effective areas for almost all operational (and some past) X-ray astronomy instruments in bands covering factors of two in photon energy from 0.15 keV to 300 keV. We demonstrate the method with several data sets from Chandra and XMM-Newton.","PeriodicalId":109872,"journal":{"name":"Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VII","volume":"335 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133225003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LBTO’s long march to full operation: step 3 (Conference Presentation)","authors":"C. Veillet","doi":"10.1117/12.2314337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109872,"journal":{"name":"Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VII","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116010646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Zwicky transient facility robotic observing system (Conference Presentation)","authors":"R. Riddle, J. Cromer, D. Hale, J. Henning, J. Baker, J. Milburn, S. Kaye, E. Bellm, R. Walters, R. Dekany, Roger M. Smith","doi":"10.1117/12.2312702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312702","url":null,"abstract":"The transient universe is fast becoming one of the most important research areas in astronomy. Finding objects that change, either quickly or periodically, has opened up new understanding of the cosmos around us, and brought up new questions that require further investigation. The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) has been developed to observe as much of the sky as possible at a rapid rate, in order to expand the regime of time domain measurement to shorter intervals and detect changes in the sky more quickly. \u0000\u0000ZTF is a fully automated system, composed of the Samuel Oschin 48-inch (1.2m) telescope at Palomar Observatory (P48), the mosaic camera constructed by Caltech, a filter exchange system, associated sensors and electrical systems, and the Robotic Observing Software (ROS) that controls the operation of the entire system. P48 is a 70 year old telescope that has been upgraded with new hardware, electronics, and a modern telescope control system to allow it to move quickly and accurately across the sky under robotic control. The ZTF mosaic camera is a custom system composed of 16 6Kx6K pixel CCDs, creating a mosaic camera with over 576 million pixels that can image 47 square degrees down to a magnitude of 20.5 in a 30 second exposure. The filter exchange system uses a Kuka robotic arm to grab the 400x450mm filters out of a storage closet and place them onto the front of the mosaic camera, where they are held in place by electromagnets and locking pins. A full sensor system monitors the health of the camera dewar and environment of the observatory; a separate weather station monitors the outside environment. Other subsystems control the motion of the Hexapod that the mosaic camera is mounted on, the top end shutter, and remote switching of power, \u0000\u0000Managing all of these subsystems is ROS, which is the automated control software that runs ZTF observations. ROS is based on the Robo-AO control system, with improved automation procedures and expanded capabilities to handle the operations required for ZTF. ROS consists of 31 separate software daemons spread across 5 computer systems (4 to control the mosaic camera, 1 for robotic operation); the robotic control daemon is able to manage all daemons, as well as start and stop their operation as necessary. Watchdog daemons intervene in case of robotic system problems, and each daemon has an internal watchdog that can fix or kill the daemon in case of difficulties; if a daemon dies the robotic system automatically restarts it. ROS controls the start of observations and morning shut down, handles weather monitoring and safely stopping in case of bad weather, and responds to problems in the observing sequence by fixing them or stopping operations and sending a message for help. All calibration measurements are done automatically at the beginning of the night; if the calibrations are interrupted they are completed after observations finish in the morning. A queue system determines the observation priority and ","PeriodicalId":109872,"journal":{"name":"Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VII","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134069174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Paranal Observatory eavesdropping mode (POEM), and remote observing at ESO (Conference Presentation)","authors":"G. Hau, S. Mieske, S. Brillant, M. Pavez, I. Saviane, S. Marteau","doi":"10.1117/12.2311941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2311941","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109872,"journal":{"name":"Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VII","volume":"25 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125677097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astronomical data archives as Instruments: accelerating and sustaining scientific discovery (Conference Presentation)","authors":"R. D’abrusco, Glenn Becker, M. McCollough, A. Rots, Sinh A. Thong, D. V. Stone, S. Winkelman","doi":"10.1117/12.2313630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109872,"journal":{"name":"Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VII","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131478520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}