Klimovskaya Alla, Chaikovsky B. Yuri, Liptuga Anatoliy, L. Volodymyr, S. Yuriy
{"title":"Interface Nerve Tissue-Silicon Nanowire for Regeneration of Injured Nerve and Creation of Bio-Electronic Device","authors":"Klimovskaya Alla, Chaikovsky B. Yuri, Liptuga Anatoliy, L. Volodymyr, S. Yuriy","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80739","url":null,"abstract":"This overview presents the results of scientific and practical research into the development of the interface “neuron-electronic device” based on silicon nanowire. The work has been carried out for several years by a team of scientists specializing in various fields of science and technology: neuroscience, surface science, nanoelectronics, crystal growth, physics and chemistry of nanotechnology, and nanocomputing. The technology of formation of the interface “nerve fiber-silicon nanowire” was developed. The experiments were performed in vivo on Wistar rats. The developed technology was used in the manufacture of implants for the regeneration of the injured sciatic nerve. The results of the studies showed the effectiveness of using such implants not only for the regeneration of nerves with severe injuries but also for the creation of a bioelectronic interface for neurocomputers that can be used in vivo for a long time.","PeriodicalId":108389,"journal":{"name":"Neurons - Dendrites and Axons","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133995399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Therapeutic Approaches","authors":"Farhin Patel, P. Mandal","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":108389,"journal":{"name":"Neurons - Dendrites and Axons","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134264465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions during Axons Guidance","authors":"Vela-Alcántara Ana, T. Elisa","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79681","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of neuronal connections during development is a critical process for the correct function of central nervous system and for their regeneration during adult stages. Axon extension and guidance toward their targets are a complex process involving several signals provided by extracellular milieu where secreted factors, other cells, axons, and extracellular matrix proteins are interacting to establish the wiring of the brain. The expression of those signals at specific time and space, and their mechanisms of action during axon projection are the subject of numerous studies. This knowledge had contributed to understand the complex panorama of brain wiring during development and the origin and possible cure of central nervous system diseases. In this chapter, we focus on cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions as two important signals during axon guidance, and how these interactions impact the response to diffusible guidance cues. We emphasize the need and the challenge to understand the complex relations among simultaneous signals to guide axons projections, and how this knowledge could influence approaches to deal with neural regeneration issues. cone displacement. Extracellular matrix","PeriodicalId":108389,"journal":{"name":"Neurons - Dendrites and Axons","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121262221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gap Junctions in the Dorsal Root Ganglia","authors":"V. Deshmukh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82128","url":null,"abstract":"Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or spinal ganglia are present in relation to the dorsal ramus of the spinal nerves. The neurons in the dorsal root ganglion are pseudounipolar in type. The single process from the soma or body will divide into the central and peripheral processes. Dorsal root ganglion neurons constitute the first-order neurons for the pain pathways and can be categorized as small, medium and large varieties. Peripheral process collects the impulses from the peripheral receptors and the central process reaches out to the central nervous system. The neurons in the DRG were surrounded by the satellite glial cells (SGC). These cells ensheath the neurons from all the sides. Besides cover-ing the neurons, they share features very much similar to the astrocytes such as expression of glutamine synthetase. Many quantitative studies have identified the different proportion of satellite glial cells for individual neurons. These cells have been identified to get activated when confronted by the noxious stimuli, injury or inflammation. Clinically, these cells were implied to be related to the many neurological disorders.","PeriodicalId":108389,"journal":{"name":"Neurons - Dendrites and Axons","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126961617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Quintremil, Fernando Medina Ferrer, J. Puente, M. E. Pando, M. Valenzuela
{"title":"Roles of Semaphorins in Neurodegenerative Diseases","authors":"S. Quintremil, Fernando Medina Ferrer, J. Puente, M. E. Pando, M. Valenzuela","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82046","url":null,"abstract":"Semaphorins are secreted and transmembrane proteins that bind plexin/ neuropilin or integrin receptors, providing paracrine axonal guidance signals and ultimately leading to a functional and developed neuronal network. Following semaphorin’s initial discovery, their relevance in the central nervous system (CNS) soon intrigued researchers about the possible links between semaphorins, their receptors and signaling mechanisms and different neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we explore the current knowledge of semaphorin’s function and signaling in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). We focus on the effects of the most known semaphorin subclasses 3A and 4D, yet extending our discussion to other semaphorins that have been found involved in specific neuropathologies and the potential effect of semaphorins modulating the immune system in disorders with inflammatory components. Molecular, cellular, and genetic evidences are reviewed, highlighting the relevance of semaphorins on each disease etiology, pathophysiology, and progression. The newly discovered semaphorin functions in neurological disorders even suggest alternative therapies that may be highly valuable in diseases that have no current cure.","PeriodicalId":108389,"journal":{"name":"Neurons - Dendrites and Axons","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133126272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}