Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series最新文献

The Freedom to Fish: An Obsolete Institution Governing High Seas Fish Stocks 捕鱼自由:管理公海鱼类资源的过时制度

Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-03-07 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2229897

R. Watson

引用次数: 0

Financial Assurance for Environmental Protection: Trends and Opportunities 环境保护的财务保证:趋势与机遇

Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2141337

Michael J. Orlando

引用次数: 2

Climate, Technology, and the Evolution of Economic and Political Institutions 气候、技术以及经济和政治制度的演变

Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2012-04-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2042669

S. Haber

{"title":"Climate, Technology, and the Evolution of Economic and Political Institutions","authors":"S. Haber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2042669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2042669","url":null,"abstract":"Why are some societies characterized by enduring democracy, while other societies are either persistently autocratic or experiment with democracy but then quickly fall back into autocracy? I find that there is a systematic, non-linear relationship between rainfall levels, human capital, property rights institutions and regime types such that stable democracies overwhelmingly cluster in a band of moderate rainfall (540 to 1200 mm of precipitation per year). I advance a theory to explain this outcome that focuses on how differences in the crops that could be grown in different rainfall bands affected societies’ institutional paths of development. I then test that theory against a unique cross-country dataset, a comparison of democracies and autocracies in antiquity, and a series of natural experiments.This paper builds upon an earlier collaboration with Victor Menaldo (University of Washington). Our joint paper, “Rainfall, Human Capital, and Democracy,” is available on SSRN. I also gratefully acknowledge discussions with Ran Abramitzky, Isa Chavez, Roy Elis, Stanley Engerman, Rob Fleck, Avner Greif, Tim Guinnane, Mark Kleinman, Dorothy Kronick, Naomi Lamoreaux, Ross Levine, Joseph Manning, Ian Morris, Josh Ober, Robert Packenham, Paul Sniderman, William Summerhill, and Barry Weingast. Nicholas Baldo, Kevin Cook, Roy Elis, Anne Given, and Scott Khamphoune, Dorothy Kronick, and Cole Lupoli, provided invaluable research assistance.","PeriodicalId":103541,"journal":{"name":"Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123095785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Textbooks as Data for the Study of the History of Economics: Lowly Beast or Fruitful Vineyard? 教科书作为经济史研究的数据:卑微的野兽还是硕果累累的葡萄园?

Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2011-09-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1926360

Steven G. Medema

引用次数: 12

Carbon Neutrality and Bioenergy: A Zero-Sum Game? 碳中和和生物能源:零和游戏?

Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2011-04-07 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1808080

R. Sedjo

{"title":"Carbon Neutrality and Bioenergy: A Zero-Sum Game?","authors":"R. Sedjo","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1808080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1808080","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass, a renewable energy source, has been viewed as “carbon neutral”—that is, its use as energy is presumed not to release net carbon dioxide. However, this assumption of carbon neutrality has recently been challenged. In 2010 two letters were sent to the Congress by eminent scientists examining the merits—or demerits—of biomass for climate change mitigation. The first, from about 90 scientists (to Nancy Pelosi and Harry Reid, from W.H. Schlesinger et al. May 17, 2010), questioned the treatment of all biomass energy as carbon neutral, arguing that it could undermine legislative emissions reduction goals. The second letter, submitted by more than 100 forest scientists (to Barbara Boxer et al. from Bruce Lippke et al. July 20, 2010), expressed concern over equating biogenic carbon emissions with fossil fuel emissions, as is contemplated in the Environmental Protection Agency’s Tailoring Rule. It argued that an approach focused on smokestack emissions, independent of the feedstocks, would encourage further fossil fuel energy production, to the long-term detriment of the atmosphere. This paper attempts to clarify and, to the extent possible, resolve these differences.","PeriodicalId":103541,"journal":{"name":"Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133337464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Efficiency Advantages of Grandfathering in Rights-Based Fisheries Management 权渔业管理中祖父法的效率优势

Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1740455

G. Libecap, R. Arnason, T. Anderson

引用次数: 47

Private Warfare in the Age of Sail 航海时代的私人战争

Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2328968

Daniel K. Benjamin, D. Macaulay

{"title":"Private Warfare in the Age of Sail","authors":"Daniel K. Benjamin, D. Macaulay","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2328968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2328968","url":null,"abstract":"Modern naval warfare is the exclusive province of government. Until relatively recently, however, governments tolerated — even encouraged — private sector participation in maritime hostilities. Naval and merchant vessels were not strongly differentiated from one another, and neither type of vessel was well suited to all-weather, year-round duty at sea. When combined with rudimentary (and relatively costly) systems of taxation, this gave monarchs an incentive to focus their naval ventures during good weather months and to rely on merchant ships as important supplements to the Crown’s navy. Thus, until the eighteenth century, privately owned and operated merchant vessels were used as men-of-war, and they served in the war on enemy trade into the nineteenth century. We seek to explain the observed variation in the key contractual provisions of privateer contracts by examining over 60 contracts from the period 1744 to 1807, gathered from the files of the Public Record Office in London. We suggest reasons for many of the general patterns seen in the contracts; notably, we believe we have a remarkably simple yet powerful explanation for the enormous variation observed in the distribution of the prizes between the owners and crew. We also provide a clearer picture of the variation in the distribution of prize shares among crew members, using measures of inequality to compare different privateers’ allotments. Most importantly, we have developed a method of using contractual provisions to infer the expectations of privateers regarding the prizes they were likely to capture. We are then able to use these estimates to infer expected total earnings of seafarers at all levels of the chain of command. One implication of these estimates is that crew serving on privateers could expect to earn substantially more than men serving on merchant ships. For able seamen the privateering premium was at least fifty percent; for higher ranks it likely was even greater.","PeriodicalId":103541,"journal":{"name":"Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116164680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Scale Effects and Their Importance for Benefit Transfers of Natural Resource Values in the Fitzroy Basin, Research Report No. 6 菲茨罗伊盆地自然资源价值利益转移的规模效应及其重要性，研究报告第6期

Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2002-06-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1440625

A. Loch, J. Rolfe, J. Bennett

{"title":"Scale Effects and Their Importance for Benefit Transfers of Natural Resource Values in the Fitzroy Basin, Research Report No. 6","authors":"A. Loch, J. Rolfe, J. Bennett","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1440625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1440625","url":null,"abstract":"Policy makers are often interested in how values for an environmental asset may be disaggregated into component pieces and transferred from one site to another. This issue can be described in relation to environmental values for the Fitzroy basin in Central Queensland. It comprises several smaller catchments that share similar development opportunities, environmental issues and water resource constraints. This paper describes the application of a choice modelling experiment to estimate values for the basin as a whole and two of the smaller catchments. The results of the application allow the analysts to determine how the values Calculated at different times may be related. If there are no significant differences in values according to the scale at which they have been estimated, it implies that benefit transfer may be undertaken to different sites at different scales without results being adjusted. Comparisons of experiment results are undertaken to assess the validity of the choice modelling approach to benefit transfer in environmental valuation studies where issues of scale may be present.","PeriodicalId":103541,"journal":{"name":"Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Research Paper Series","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114419189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2