DNA Methylation Mechanism最新文献

Radiation and DNA Methylation Mechanisms 辐射和DNA甲基化机制

DNA Methylation Mechanism Pub Date : 2020-05-19 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92189

M. Budak

引用次数: 1

DNA Hydroxymethylation in the Regulation of Gene Expression in Human Solid Cancer DNA羟甲基化在人实体癌基因表达中的调控作用

DNA Methylation Mechanism Pub Date : 2020-04-15 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92016

S. Alcaraz-Estrada, Gabriela Leija-Montoya, N. Serafín-Higuera, Silvia García, C. E. Millán-Testa, Mónica Sierra-Martínez, Magali Blanco-Morales, Jorge SANDOVAL-BASILIO

{"title":"DNA Hydroxymethylation in the Regulation of Gene Expression in Human Solid Cancer","authors":"S. Alcaraz-Estrada, Gabriela Leija-Montoya, N. Serafín-Higuera, Silvia García, C. E. Millán-Testa, Mónica Sierra-Martínez, Magali Blanco-Morales, Jorge SANDOVAL-BASILIO","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92016","url":null,"abstract":"Chromatin in cancer undergoes chemical and structural changes that alter gene expression patterns. One of the chemical modifications that impacts gene regulation is 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), also called DNA hydroxymethylation. 5hmC is a stable mark that is commonly associated with transcriptional activation. In cancer, the global loss of 5hmC is a hallmark. In addition, the deregulation of 5hmC in specific regions of the genome, such as enhancers, promoters, and body of the gene, alters the expression of genes in cancer. These alterations have been detected by the improvement in the mapping of 5hmC at genomic scale, which has allowed us to evaluate the sites where 5hmC alterations occur and the genes that are affected. In this chapter, the recent knowledge about the status of 5hmC in genome specific sites of human solid cancers, the relationship with enzymes ten-eleven translocation (TET) and isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH) involved in the dynamic regulation of 5hmC levels, and the impact of the 5hmC aberrant changes on the genic expression in these malignances is reviewed.","PeriodicalId":101521,"journal":{"name":"DNA Methylation Mechanism","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126367730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research Progress of DNA Methylation in Thyroid Cancer 甲状腺癌DNA甲基化的研究进展

DNA Methylation Mechanism Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91048

Zhu Gaohong, X. Lijun

引用次数: 1

Atlas of Age- and Tissue-Specific DNA Methylation during Early Development of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) 大麦发育早期年龄和组织特异性DNA甲基化图谱

DNA Methylation Mechanism Pub Date : 2020-02-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.90886

Moumouni Konaté, Mike Wilkinson, Benjamin Mayne, E. Scott, B. Berger, C. M. R. Lopez

{"title":"Atlas of Age- and Tissue-Specific DNA Methylation during Early Development of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)","authors":"Moumouni Konaté, Mike Wilkinson, Benjamin Mayne, E. Scott, B. Berger, C. M. R. Lopez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.90886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.90886","url":null,"abstract":"The barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) genome comprises over 32,000 genes, with differentiated cells expressing only a subset of genes; the remainder being silent. Mechanisms by which tissue-specific genes are regulated are not entirely understood, although DNA methylation is likely to be involved. To shed light on the dynamic of DNA methylation during development and its variation between organs, methylation-sensitive genotyping by sequencing (ms-GBS) was used to generate methylation profiles for roots, leaf-blades and leaf-sheaths from five barley varieties, using seedlings at the three-leaf stage. Robust differentially methylated markers (DMMs) were characterised by pairwise comparisons of roots, leaf-blades and leaf-sheaths of three different ages. While very many DMMs were found between roots and leaf parts, only a few existed between leaf-blades and leaf-sheaths, with differences decreasing with leaf rank. Organ-specific DMMs appeared to target mainly repeat regions, implying that organ differentiation partially relies on the spreading of DNA methylation from repeats to promoters of adjacent genes. Identified DMMs indicate that different organs do possess diagnostic methylation profiles and suggest that DNA methylation is important for both tissue differentiation and organ function and will provide the basis to the understanding of the role of DNA methylation in plant organ differentiation and development.","PeriodicalId":101521,"journal":{"name":"DNA Methylation Mechanism","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115425380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Library Preparation for Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of Plant Genomes 植物全基因组亚硫酸酯测序文库的制备

DNA Methylation Mechanism Pub Date : 2020-01-29 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90716

Kendall R. Corbin, C. M. R. Lopez

引用次数: 1

Global DNA Methylation as a Potential Underlying Mechanism of Congenital Disease Development 全球DNA甲基化是先天性疾病发展的潜在潜在机制

DNA Methylation Mechanism Pub Date : 2020-01-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90996

A. Stanković

{"title":"Global DNA Methylation as a Potential Underlying Mechanism of Congenital Disease Development","authors":"A. Stanković","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90996","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade, quantitative measurement of the methylation status in white blood cells (WBCs) has been used as a potential biomarker in a variety of diseases. Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) has been used widely as a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation. Altered maternal DNA methylation is suggested to be an underlying mechanism in the trisomy 21 and the development of birth defects, including congenital heart defects (CHDs). The molecular mechanisms that underlie the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription are independent of DNA sequence, but they do depend on environmental stimuli, which are especially important in fetal development in utero environment. Folic acid deficiency and genetic variations of folate pathway genes, such as the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene ( MTHFR ), are foremost among these maternal risk factors. Also, there are exogenous risk factors (cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, medica-tion use, periconceptional maternal supplementation, body mass index, and dietary habits) with impact on maternal LINE-1 methylation. MTHFR C677T genotype/ diet and other environmental factors as significant predictors of LINE-1 DNA methylation in regard to congenital diseases will be discussed in the chapter.","PeriodicalId":101521,"journal":{"name":"DNA Methylation Mechanism","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125254416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Demethylation in Early Embryonic Development and Memory 早期胚胎发育和记忆中的去甲基化

DNA Methylation Mechanism Pub Date : 2019-12-02 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90306

C. Bernstein, H. Bernstein

{"title":"Demethylation in Early Embryonic Development and Memory","authors":"C. Bernstein, H. Bernstein","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90306","url":null,"abstract":"DNA repair processes arose early in evolution. During evolution, DNA base excision repair apparently acquired additional roles in demethylation of cytosines in DNA. Demethylation is central to two mammalian fundamental processes. Embryonic reprogramming and neuronal memory require rapid gene expression alterations depending in part on demethylations. The active demethylation reactions in both processes primarily depend, first, on the family of 5-methylcytosine oxidases sharing the acronym ten-eleven translocation (TET methylcytosine dioxygenases) and, second, on DNA base excision repair enzymes. In mice, within 6 h of fertilization, the paternal chromosomes are close to 100% actively demethylated through TET and repair activity. (Methylation of maternal DNA is blocked during subsequent cycles of replication, so methyl groups on maternal DNA, pas-sively, becomes highly diluted over the next 4 days.) Rats subjected to one instance of contextual fear conditioning create an especially strong long-term memory. At 24 h after training, 9.2% of the genes in the rat genomes of hippocampus neurons are differentially methylated, including over 500 genes with demethylation. The emergence of embryonic development in evolution depended on preexisting DNA methylation/demethylation pathways to modify gene expression. The further emergence of memory likely evolved from the earlier set of methylation/demethylation capabilities associated with embryonic development.","PeriodicalId":101521,"journal":{"name":"DNA Methylation Mechanism","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123362088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Recent Insights into the Mechanisms of De Novo and Maintenance of DNA Methylation in Mammals 哺乳动物DNA甲基化的新生和维持机制研究进展

DNA Methylation Mechanism Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89238

Motoko Unoki

{"title":"Recent Insights into the Mechanisms of De Novo and Maintenance of DNA Methylation in Mammals","authors":"Motoko Unoki","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89238","url":null,"abstract":"DNA methylation is one of the key epigenetic mechanisms essential for transcriptional regulation, silencing of transposable elements, and genome sta-bilization. Under physiological conditions, DNA methylation is erased and then established genome-wide during gametogenesis and embryogenesis. De novo DNA methylation by the enzymatic reaction of the de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNMT3A and DNMT3B, occurs during the establishment of DNA methylation patterns specific to each germ cell type or somatic cell type after the erasure. Once cell type-specific DNA methylation patterns are established during embryogenesis, which can extend to early childhood, the maintenance of DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 and its cofactor UHRF1 cooperatively maintain the pattern throughout the individual’s lifetime. Recently, our group found that UHRF1 is also involved in de novo DNA methylation during oogenesis. Moreover, our group has identified two genes, CDCA7 and HELL S, to be the causative genes of ICF syndrome, characterized by hypomethylation of centromeric and pericentromeric repetitive sequences. Because CDCA7/HELLS comprise a chromatin remodeling complex, there are evidently certain regions where chromatin remodeling is required to achieve maintenance of DNA methylation. In this chapter, the current situation with respect to our understanding of de novo and maintenance of DNA methylation mechanisms under physiological conditions in mammals is summarized.","PeriodicalId":101521,"journal":{"name":"DNA Methylation Mechanism","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132227567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3