生物学最新文献

{"title":"Dynamics of virus infection under the influence of antibody and cytokine.","authors":"Cuicui Jiang, Yanni Tian, Miaoran Yao, Kaifa Wang","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2026.2645304","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17513758.2026.2645304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To study the macroscopic dynamics of susceptible host cells, infected host cells, free virus particles and antibodies after viral infection within-host, this study develops a novel dynamic model that integrates three key mechanisms: a general incidence function capturing the complexity of antibody production, the inhibitory effect of antibodies on viral infectivity and the cytokine-mediated self-cure of infected cells. The basic reproduction numbers for both the virus and immune response are derived, along with sufficient conditions for the stability of equilibria. Bifurcation analysis revealed that a Hopf bifurcation may occur when the basic reproduction number of the immune response exceeds one. Numerical simulations highlight the critical role of saturation effects in viral replication and the immune response for infection control. Antibody immunity, once depleted, may not be replenished and neglecting saturation effects could overestimate both the oscillatory parameter range and the severity of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2645304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147491986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transformer-based method for the cap analysis of gene expression and gene expression tag associated capping region prediction in RNA.","authors":"Dibya Kanti Haldar, Avik Pramanick, Chandrama Mukherjee, Pralay Mitra","doi":"10.1080/15476286.2026.2629530","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15476286.2026.2629530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>5' RNA capping is one of the major post-transcriptional modifications for the mobility and stability of RNA molecules. Measuring 5' caps of RNAs can help quantify expression levels of mRNAs and lncRNAs. One of the most successful RNAseq methods that has used capping as a tool to quantify expression of transcription is Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE). Computational prediction of capping can therefore be used as a precursor to the prediction of transcriptional expression. Unfortunately, there is hardly any computational technique that has focused purely on predicting 5' capping. We have developed a transformer-based method for computational prediction of capping from DNA sequences. Our Llama and ReLoRA-based pre-training model, and Llama and LoRA-based fine-tuning model predict capping associated regions. We have used Leave-one-chromosome-out-cross-validation for our model. The average accuracy, and F1-score after fine-tuning the human genome hg19 (mouse genome mm9) for sequence classification is 79.12% (78.09%) and 78.11% (76.17%), respectively. We noted attention peak-based motifs having an aggregate Wilcoxon rank-sum p-value of 1.075e-10 between the attention peak region and the entire context window for the predicted positive motifs; an aggregate p-value of 7.17e-18 for the predicted negative motifs; and an aggregate p-value of 6.70e-08 between the attention peaks of the predicted positive and the predicted negative motifs. Our Llama-based approach aims to create a sequence-based framework to identify capping associated regions corresponding to CAGE peaks. Our analysis reveals statistically significant motifs from the regions of peak attention scores, which demonstrates biological relevance for some through their resident sites matching with known TF motifs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21351,"journal":{"name":"RNA Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12915862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo simulation of testing requirements for chronic wasting disease (CWD) surveillance via hunter-harvest in Illinois, USA.","authors":"Jameson J Mori, William M Brown, Nelda A Rivera, Daniel J Skinner, Peter E Schlichting, Jan E Novakofski, Nohra E Mateus-Pinilla","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2026.2725518","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336896.2026.2725518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managing chronic wasting disease (CWD) - a fatal, transmissible prion disease of cervids - has many challenges, such as determining the number of cervids to test to accurately estimate true prevalence with apparent prevalence. Options range from basic equations to complex techniques like agent-based modelling, but the former does not account for parameter uncertainty, and more detailed models may be less accessible for managers. Our study used Monte Carlo simulation to create a reference table showing the number of hunter-harvested deer to test to approximate herd true prevalence with a ± 2% margin of error and 95% confidence. A three-step process was simulated in which deer from the <i>total population</i> were harvested (<i>testable subpopulation</i>), and then a subset of those harvested deer were tested for CWD (<i>tested group</i>) with diagnostic testing error, with group assignment determined by random sampling. We evaluated true prevalences ranging from 0.5-20% and <i>testable subpopulation</i> sizes up to 5,000 deer from a total population of 20,000. An example from the reference table shows that detecting a 1% true prevalence in a <i>testable subpopulation</i> of 300 deer requires testing ≥280 deer, and that the only way to accurately detect a true prevalence of 0.5% is to test 600 out of 5,000 deer. Evaluating IDNR's CWD surveillance efforts found that 16.14% of counties had adequate sample sizes in a given year and could detect true prevalences as low as 1%, showing that these guidelines are achievable.</p>","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":"20 1","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical analysis of an age-structured COVID-19 transmission model with voluntary vaccination strategies and evolutionary game.","authors":"Qingxia Ma, Jie Xu, Gang Huang","doi":"10.1080/17513758.2026.2620176","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17513758.2026.2620176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 infection exhibits significant age-related differences. In this paper, we consider an infectious disease model with age-structure in susceptibility and evolutionary game and analyze the impact of mandatory and voluntary vaccination strategies on disease progression. We derive the conditions for the existence of equilibria and confirm that the basic reproduction number <math><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> serves as a threshold parameter that fully determines the dynamical properties of the model. Theoretical analyses indicate that the persistence of COVID-19 is contingent upon the value of the basic reproduction number. By conducting numerical simulations, we investigate the impacts of various factors, including relative vaccine cost and vaccine effectiveness, on disease dynamics under a voluntary vaccination policy. Our analysis reveals that enhancing vaccine effectiveness does not reduce disease transmission when vaccination rates are extremely low. Under voluntary vaccination policies, it is crucial to keep relative vaccine costs below a certain threshold to promote higher vaccination uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":48809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Dynamics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2620176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhaponticin alleviates pancreatic acinar cell necrosis by attenuating oxidative stress via modulation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway.","authors":"Xinyue Xie, Pei Yang, Shuai Wang, Xingmeng Xu, Liuhui Wang, Pin Li, Guotao Lu, Weiwei Chen, Runfeng Sun, Jingjing Zhang, Zhihao Wang","doi":"10.1080/13510002.2026.2663628","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13510002.2026.2663628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of rhaponticin (Rha) against acinar cell injury in acute pancreatitis (AP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pancreatic acinar cell injury was induced using multiple in vitro and in vivo AP models. The mitochondrial function, necrosis, and oxidative stress were assessed. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were applied to predict potential molecular targets, which were subsequently validated experimentally. The involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) signaling and necroptosis-related proteins, including receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL), was further explored. Both pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown were employed to verify the target specificity of Rha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rha treatment significantly preserved mitochondrial function, reduced ROS, and alleviated pancreatic injury. Network pharmacology and molecular dockingresults identified HIF -1a as the key target of Rha. Consistently, Rha treatment markedly downregulated HIF-1α expression and inhibited necroptosis by suppressing the activation of RIP3 and p-MLKL. Notably, neither pharmacological inhibition nor siRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α produced additional protective effects in the presence of Rha, indicating the involvement of HIF-1α in mediating its actions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rha effectively attenuates acinar cell necrosis and oxidative via the HIF-1α-mediated necroptosis pathway, highlighting Rha as a promising therapeutic candidate for AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":21096,"journal":{"name":"Redox Report","volume":"31 1","pages":"2663628"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13250883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: from a simple insult to a dynamic regulator.","authors":"Lan Zhang, Xinyue Zhai, Yalong Yan, Lihong Xiang, Yue Zhang, Xinying Zhou, Lianmei Cai, Zixi Tang, Yiyuan Xia","doi":"10.1080/13510002.2026.2654906","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13510002.2026.2654906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the central role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases, and to explore its dynamic regulatory features, underlying signaling pathways, and molecular mechanisms, as well as advanced technological strategies for antioxidant intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review comprehensively evaluated existing literature on oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. It analyzed key regulatory pathways (Nrf2, Keap1, AMPK, mTOR) and molecular processes, including ferroptosis, NETosis, and mitochondrial quality control systems, along with oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins. The review also assessed advanced technological approaches such as subcellular organelle targeting, nanocarrier delivery systems (e.g. gold nanoparticles, liposomes for glutathione delivery), and single-cell/spatial omics technologies (e.g. single-cell redoxomics, spatial transcriptomics).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oxidative stress exhibits dynamic features, generating protective signals in early stages but transitioning into destructive factors later. A major obstacle for current antioxidant therapies is the blood-brain barrier. Breakthrough strategies identified include precision targeting at the subcellular level, functionalized nanoparticles for efficient antioxidant delivery, and the integration of single-cell redoxomics with spatial transcriptomics to identify specific biomarkers and enable personalized treatments.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>By integrating novel molecular mechanisms and advanced technological resources, this review redefines oxidative stress not as a singular event but as a complex, dynamically regulated system in neurodegenerative diseases. This reconceptualization provides new perspectives for developing targeted and personalized therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21096,"journal":{"name":"Redox Report","volume":"31 1","pages":"2654906"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13072707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of isokurarinone as an ATCase-engaging lead with potent activity against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Xinyuan Cao, Xiaorong Yang, Lixia Dai, Xueyan Liu, Zile Gong, Xiaoyan Yu, Yuchao Ma, Tong Bu, Haowen Wu, Xiaolou Miao, Xiaofei Shang, Changcai Bai","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2026.2707766","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2026.2707766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global proliferation of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) persists as a significant contributor to challenging infections, highlighting the urgent necessity for therapies that utilize novel mechanisms. Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase), which catalyzes the initial committed step of <i>de novo</i> pyrimidine biosynthesis, represents a promising metabolic target with potential relevance to MRSA fitness and persistence. Through structure-based virtual screening and experimental validation, we identified the flavonoid isokurarinone as a compound targeting ATCase, demonstrating potent anti-MRSA activity. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations, along with surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry, provided evidence for direct binding, which was accompanied by a decrease in <i>pyrB</i> expression and a reduction in ATCase activity. Non-targeted metabolomics revealed a disruption of pyrimidine nucleotide homeostasis, coinciding with impaired membrane integrity, reduced proton motive force, decreased intracellular ATP levels, and increased oxidative stress. Isokurarinone also showed an additive interaction with vancomycin <i>in vitro</i>, inhibited biofilm formation and altered the expression of virulence-associated genes. Safety evaluation showed cell-type-dependent cytotoxicity in mammalian cells, while no obvious acute oral toxicity was observed in mice at a single dose of 2 g/kg. In a murine model of MRSA-infected wounds, isokurarinone accelerated wound closure, reduced bacterial burden, and attenuated local inflammatory mediators. Collectively, these findings support the notion of ATCase as a metabolism-guided target for MRSA and nominate isokurarinone as a promising lead scaffold for therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":" ","pages":"2707766"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13418473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analyses identify nosocomial transmission of ST23 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> mediated by a conjugative IncFII_K2 NDM-1 plasmid.","authors":"Tao Chen, Xueting Wang, Luying Xiong, Yan Geng, Hui Ding, Yunbo Chen, Ping Shen, Yonghong Xiao","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2026.2668167","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2026.2668167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization has identified ST23 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CR-hvKP) as a critical public health threat. Through China's national surveillance system (BRICS), we identified and characterized ST23 CR-hvKP bloodstream isolates from 2019-2023. Among 1069 CRKP bloodstream isolates, four ST23-K1 strains (0.37%) were detected across two hospitals, including a nosocomial transmission pair (differing by only 2 core SNPs). Clinical outcomes revealed that three of the four patients achieved recovery following appropriate antibiotic therapy, with one mortality case attributed to underlying comorbidities. All four ST23 isolates demonstrated resistance to multiple antibiotics, indicating a pattern of multidrug resistance. Genomic analysis uncovered diverse resistance mechanisms: the nosocomial transmission pair possessed conjugative IncFII_K2 NDM-1 plasmids, while the others harbored conjugative IncFII_K34 KPC-2 plasmids, which exhibited reduced carbapenem resistance attributed to the downregulation of <i>bla</i>_KPC-2 expression. Conjugation assays revealed high transferability (10^-5 for IncFII_K2 NDM-1; 10^-4 for IncFII_K34 KPC-2). Whole-plasmid comparative genomics analysis suggested that the IncFII_K2 NDM-1 plasmids shared > 99% identity with historical IncFII_K2 plasmid backbones from Chinese <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates (2014-2022), suggesting local evolution. Notably, only 4.4% (26/590) of global IncFII_K2 plasmids carried <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 and all IncFII_K2 NDM-1 plasmids maintain conjugative potential. All strains harbored conserved virulence plasmids and maintained hypervirulence, as indicated by a mouse infection model, with the exception of one strain that exhibited <i>cps</i> mutations. This study reports the first genomic evidence of a high-frequency conjugative IncFII_K2 NDM-1 plasmid in a hospital-transmitted ST23 CR-hvKP clone, highlighting the need for plasmid-focused surveillance to control this potential threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"17 1","pages":"2668167"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial efficacy and mechanism of the novel antimicrobial peptide lachnospirin-1 against <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.","authors":"Pengfei She, Mengna Li, Yiqing Liu, Guanqing Huang, Shaowei Guo, Dan Xiao, Yelan Hong, Lihua Lu, Yong Wu","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2026.2646808","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2026.2646808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of carbapenem-resistant <i>A. baumannii</i> (CRAB) infections has become a major global medical challenge; therefore, there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial development. Antimicrobial peptides hold great promising potential due to their rapid bactericidal activity and low induction of drug resistance. In this study, we screened and synthesized the antimicrobial peptide lachnospirin-1, which exhibited significant bactericidal activity against CRAB and can also effectively eliminate its biofilms and persister cells. Mechanism studies, including fluorescent probe detection, transmission electron microscopy observations, and molecular dynamics simulations, et al. indicated that lachnospirin-1 exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms, such as disrupting bacterial cell membranes, neutralizing lipopolysaccharide, as well as inducing oxidative stress, which also demonstrates its certain potential. In addition, the favorable safety profile and effective <i>in vivo</i> bactericidal activity of lachnospirin-1 were determined by mouse models. Overall, our study found that lachnospirin-1 has considerable research potential as a lead compound and possesses latent value as a clinical therapy for refractory infections caused by CRAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":" ","pages":"2646808"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13007424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147469362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRX5 as a critical driver of colorectal cancer stemness and tumorigenicity.","authors":"Sung Woo Lee, Sun-Ji Park, Ga Eun Lee, Su-Min Jung, Jaeyeon Lee, San Kwon, Eunbyul Yeom, Dong-Seok Lee, Eui-Hwan Choi","doi":"10.1080/13510002.2026.2673661","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13510002.2026.2673661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) support colorectal cancer progression and therapy resistance, yet the redox regulators that sustain CSC identity are incompletely defined. We investigated the role of peroxiredoxin 5 (PRX5) in CSC formation and tumorigenicity using HCT116 colorectal cancer models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CSCs were enriched by serum-free spheroid culture and characterized by qPCR and western blotting for pluripotency and surface markers. PRX5 expression was regulated via siRNA or shRNA gene disruption and overexpression. Intracellular ROS was measured with DCF-DA staining. STAT3 activation was analyzed by <i>p</i>-STAT3 immunoblot. Functional assays included sphere formation, extreme limiting dilution analysis (ELDA), colony formation, and <i>in vivo</i> xenograft tumorigenicity in BALB/c-nu mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spheroid induction selectively upregulated PRX5 among PRX isoforms. Efficient PRX5 knockdown (>95%) reduced OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and CD133 expression, increased intracellular ROS, lowered <i>p</i>-STAT3 levels, and decreased sphere-forming frequency. Conversely, PRX5 overexpression enhanced pluripotency marker expression and proliferation. <i>In vivo</i>, PRX5-overexpressing xenografts grew faster, achieving a 2.5-fold greater tumor volume by day 19 and a 1.82-fold higher mean tumor weight compared with controls. Tumor tissues showed elevated OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, CD133, and EPCAM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRX5 contributes to maintaining a redox environment associated with STAT3 activation and core stemness programs in CRC, promoting CSC phenotypes and tumorigenicity. Targeting PRX5-mediated redox signaling may warrant further investigation as a potential approach to disrupt CSC maintenance and overcome chemoresistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21096,"journal":{"name":"Redox Report","volume":"31 1","pages":"2673661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147960195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}