生物学最新文献

{"title":"The secret life of RNA and lipids.","authors":"Tomasz Czerniak, James P Saenz","doi":"10.1080/15476286.2025.2526903","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15476286.2025.2526903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is no life without RNA or lipids. But could there be life with only RNA and lipids? The discovery that RNA can catalyse reactions in addition to encoding information opened new directions for engineering life and the possibility of life emerging from an RNA World. But a key missing ingredient for RNA-based biochemical systems is a mechanism to organize RNAs and regulate their activity. Lipids, which are essential for life and one of the most ancient biomolecules, can spontaneously self-assemble to form membranous bilayers, theoretically providing a surface that can serve to concentrate, protect, and regulate RNAs. This review explores the interactions between RNA and lipids, including the chemical basis for their interactions, and the implications for synthetic biology, RNA World, and modern cell biology. We discuss observations that RNA can selectively bind to lipid membranes in a sequence-dependent manner, and entertain how these interactions might be employed to engineer RNA-based sensors and regulatory elements in synthetic systems. The emerging field of RNA-lipid interactions opens new possibilities for engineering orthogonal biochemistries for synthetic cells, innovations in RNA therapeutics, and discovering potentially new facets of cellular regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21351,"journal":{"name":"RNA Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocyte-derived exosomes regulate sperm miR-34c levels to mediate the transgenerational effects of paternal chronic social instability stress.","authors":"Alexandre Champroux, Mitra Sadat-Shirazi, Xuan Chen, Jonathan Hacker, Yongjie Yang, Larry A Feig","doi":"10.1080/15592294.2025.2457176","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592294.2025.2457176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of chronically stressing male mice can be transmitted across generations by stress-specific changes in their sperm miRNA content, which induce stress-specific phenotypes in their offspring. However, how each stress paradigm alters the levels of distinct sets of sperm miRNAs is not known. We showed previously that exposure of male mice to chronic social instability (CSI) stress results in elevated anxiety and reduced sociability specifically in their female offspring across multiple generations because it reduces miR-34c levels in sperm of stressed males and their unstressed male offspring. Here, we describe evidence that astrocyte-derived exosomes (A-Exos) carrying miR-34c mediate how CSI stress has this transgenerational effect on sperm. We found that CSI stress decreases miR-34c carried by A-Exos in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, as well as in the blood of males. Importantly, miR-34c A-Exos levels are also reduced in these tissues in their F1 male offspring, who despite not being exposed to stress, exhibit reduced sperm miR-34c levels and transmit the same stress-associated traits to their male and female offspring. Furthermore, restoring A-Exos miR-34c content in the blood of CSI-stressed males by intravenous injection of miR-34c-containing A-Exos restores miR-34c levels in their sperm. These findings reveal an unexpected role for A-Exos in maintaining sperm miR-34c levels by a process that when suppressed by CSI stress mediates this example of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11767,"journal":{"name":"Epigenetics","volume":"20 1","pages":"2457176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11776480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The life-and-death struggle between the complement system and pathogens: Mechanisms of elimination, evasion tactics, and translational potential.","authors":"Siqi Lian, Jiaqi Liu, Yi Yang, Guoqiang Zhu, Pengpeng Xia","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2553781","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2553781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complement system, along with its intricate network, constitutes a vital component of the innate immune response, playing a pivotal role in defending the host against invading pathogens. While it is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis, dysregulation of this system can lead to significant pathological consequences: deficiencies in complement components increase susceptibility to infections, whereas excessive activation causes inflammatory tissue damage. Through its diverse functions and regulatory mechanisms, including but not limited to cytolytic effects, opsonophagocytosis, induction of inflammatory responses, and facilitation of antigen presentation, the complement system can independently or synergistically eliminate pathogens with high specificity and efficiency. In response to this robust immune defense strategy, pathogens have evolved a range of sophisticated evasion and resistance mechanisms to counteract the lethal effects of complements. In-depth research into these complement-pathogen interactions enhances our understanding of disease pathogenesis and progression, providing vital theoretical foundations and potential targets for novel therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2553781"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic insights into the interaction between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and metabolic syndrome.","authors":"Juanjuan Zou, Yijing Zhang, Xiaojing Sun, Yan Wang, Yanzhong Li, Ze-Hua Zhao","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2553786","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2553786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. We aimed to analyze the causal effects of chronic HBV infection on MetS components and vice versa. Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to explore the genetic association of chronic HBV infection with both metabolic risk factors and metabolic diseases using summary-level data from GWAS. Further colocalization and mediation analyses were performed for traits with significant causal relationships. The effect of HBV on lipid metabolism was validated by <i>in vitro</i> assays. In European populations, the MR analyses did not support causal relationships between chronic HBV infection and metabolic traits. In East Asian populations, chronic HBV infection was associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and reduced risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Reversely, CAD showed negative causal effects on chronic HBV infection risk. Colocalization analysis revealed that the association between chronic HBV infection and CAD was most likely driven by distinct rather than shared causal variants. Mediation analysis identified LDL as a major mediator in the causal effect of chronic HBV infection on CAD and aspirin use as the primary mediator in the causal effect of CAD on chronic HBV infection. <i>In vitro</i> experiments suggested that HBV may inhibit glucose plus insulin-induced lipogenesis in hepatocytes. Our results provide genetic evidence of chronic HBV infection as a protective factor against dyslipidemia and CAD and reveal the potential causal effect of CAD on genetically proxied chronic HBV infection via aspirin treatment in East Asian populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":" ","pages":"2553786"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracellular survival of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in macrophages during osteomyelitis.","authors":"William A Lathram, Christopher D Radka","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2553789","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2553789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, traditionally viewed as an extracellular pathogen, is increasingly recognized for its ability to persist intracellularly, particularly within macrophages. This intracellular lifestyle is central to osteomyelitis, a chronic bone infection characterized by persistent inflammation, bone destruction, and impaired repair. Within bone, <i>S. aureus</i> exploits macrophage plasticity by driving a shift from pro-inflammatory, bactericidal M1-like states to anti-inflammatory, tissue-reparative M2-like phenotypes. This polarization suppresses immune clearance and promotes an environment conducive to bacterial survival and dissemination. Additional strategies - including biofilm formation, small colony variants, and inhibition of phagolysosomal killing - further enhance persistence and immune evasion. While these mechanisms are well studied in extracellular infections, their role in intracellular survival is increasingly evident. This review synthesizes emerging insights into how <i>S. aureus</i> manipulates macrophage function to establish chronic bone infection and highlights therapeutic opportunities targeting macrophage polarization to improve immune-mediated clearance and bone repair in osteomyelitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2553789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AoVps18 regulates sporulation, trap morphogenesis, and nematode predation by modulating vacuole assembly and attractant synthesis in <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i>.","authors":"Meichen Zhu, Yankun Liu, Yi Chen, Qiyan Hu, Dake Zhao, Wenjie Wang, Jinkui Yang","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2553782","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2553782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vacuoles are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells, playing key roles in cellular homeostasis through nutrient sensing, osmoregulation, and autophagy. In filamentous fungi, vacuole dynamics are crucial for mycelial growth, stress response, and pathogenicity. The vacuolar functions and their regulation in nematode-trapping (NT) fungi remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized a vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) protein Vps18 (AoVps18) in a typical NT fungus <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i>, which is required for the proper regulation of mycelial growth, trap formation, and sporulation. Through integrated phenotypic and molecular analyses, we established that AoVps18 physically interacts with core mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling components (AoSte12 and AoFus3) to coordinate predation-related cellular processes, including vacuole assembly, mitochondrial dynamics, and lipid droplet accumulation. Notably, we identified a TGAAAC regulatory motif in the <i>Aovps18</i> promoter, suggesting direct transcriptional control by the MAPK effector, AoSte12. RNA sequencing and metabolomics further revealed that AoVps18 is involved in regulating multiple cellular processes and synthesizing compounds critical for the chemotaxis of nematodes toward <i>A. oligospora</i>. Overall, these findings elucidate the regulatory mechanisms by which AoVps18 coordinates vacuolar function with trap morphogenesis and mycelial growth in NT fungi, advancing both the fundamental understanding of Vps proteins regulation and potential biocontrol applications against plant-parasitic nematodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2553782"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12407654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping evolutionary paradigm of bovine viral diarrhea virus <i>Npro</i> associated with different organizations of nucleotide.","authors":"Xili Feng, Zeyu Liu, Xiaoting Ren, Lele An, Xiao-Xia Ma","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2550620","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2550620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The non-structural protein (Npro) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a crucial virulence factor that impairs the host's antiviral immune response and facilitates virus production. This study establishes a foundation for understanding how different selective pressures influence the formation of nucleotide pairs, synonymous codon, and context-dependent codon bias (CDCB) in BVDV <i>Npro</i>. BVDV genotype 1 exhibits a greater number of subgenotypes compared to other genotypes, yet its overall nucleotide usage bias in <i>Npro</i> is stronger. Within <i>Npro</i>, certain dinucleotides, specifically CpG and UpA, are notably suppressed, while UpG is selected with high frequency across all genotypes. The BVDV <i>Npro</i> region exhibits a pronounced bias in synonymous codon usage and possesses a genetic capacity to distinguish between genotypes. Unlike the patterns of mononucleotide and synonymous codon usage associated with BVDV genotyping, nucleotide pair usage and CDCB show significant variability due to the high mutation rate in the Npro coding sequence. Despite this variation, both nucleotide architectures demonstrate a unique evolutionary paradigm that goes beyond genotype-specific models. Aside from nucleotide composition constraints imposed by the high mutation rate in the viral genome, natural selective pressures arising from translational selection and host immune response also significantly influence the formation of various nucleotide architectures in the BVDV <i>Npro</i>. By analyzing the genetic characterizations associated with the different nucleotide architectures in the <i>Npro</i>, the diverse repertoire of nucleotide pairs, synonymous codons and CDCB may provide BVDV mutants with ample opportunities for direct adaptation and exaptation, thereby overcoming the robust immune defenses of the host.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2550620"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential anti-H1N1 schitriterpenoids from Kadsura japonica L. vines.","authors":"Hung-Tse Huang, Chun-Tang Chiou, Yu-Chi Lin, Li-Jie Zhang, Chih-Hua Chao, Ping-Jyun Sung, Jih-Jung Chen, Tsung-Lin Li, I-Wen Lo, Chia-Ching Liaw","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lethal contagious pathogens wreak havoc on human life and the global economy, especially influenza and other respiratory pathogens, as exemplified by the enduring impact of COVID-19. This study reports that triterpenoids isolated from the stems of medicinal plants Kadsura japonica L. (Schisandraceae), which exhibit potent anti-viral activity against collected influenza viruses. Collectively, four undescribed schitriterpenoids named kadsujanonols J-M (1-4) along with five previously reported, schincarin D (5), ananosin E (6), changnanic acid (7), longipedlactone A (8), and schiglansin S (9), were isolated and identified. Their chemical structures were determined using ¹H-, ¹³C-, and 2D-NMR spectra in conjunction with spectroscopic analyses, such as UV, IR, ECD, and HRESIMS. These schitriterpenoids were then subjected to antiviral examination against the collected H1N1 influenza viruses, in which several, changnanic acid (7) in particular, unveiled excellent anti-H1N1 activity compared to Tamiflu.</p>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"114632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melioidosis molecular diagnostics: An update.","authors":"Prachi Gangil, Manash K Paul, Prathyoosha B, Debadrita Mondal, Sneha Kumari, P R Prasad, Vandana K E, Bharti Bisht, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2505698","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2505698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melioidosis, a fatal tropical disease, presents a wide array of clinical manifestations, including abscesses, pneumonia, septic shock, bacteraemia, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and skin infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> (<i>B. pseudomallei</i>), a gram-negative bacterium found in soil, as a Tier 1 select agent. Referred to as the \"great mimicker,\" this organism can infect several organs imitating the symptoms of different illnesses. According to worldwide data, there are around 165,000 cases and 89,000 deaths annually. Current diagnostic procedures rely primarily on culturing <i>B. pseudomallei</i>, are slow and have low sensitivity, resulting in delayed treatment and higher fatality rates. This review examines the substantial difficulties related to diagnosing melioidosis in response to the urgent need for precise and prompt diagnosis. We have summarized the results of diagnostic kits that are currently sold in the market and assessed the market for melioidosis diagnostic kits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2505698"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood virome profiling reveals subtype-specific viral signatures and reduced diversity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.","authors":"Shaokun Pan, Wang Li, Xingyue Zhao, Huijie Wang, Jing Liu, Wen Zhang, Chenglin Zhou, Youhua Xie","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2542457","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2542457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy, demonstrates molecular diversity linked to genetic and immune factors, with emerging roles for viral infections in pathogenesis. Yet, the blood virome's composition and dynamics in NHL remain poorly characterized. This study characterizes the blood virome in NHL subtypes using viral metagenomic sequencing of serum from 217 patients (B-cell: BCL, T-cell: TCL, NK-cell: NKCL) and 40 healthy controls. Bioinformatic analysis identified 45 viral families, revealing subtype-specific viromic signatures. BCL exhibited a dominance of <i>Anelloviridae</i>, which accounted for 86% of eukaryotic viruses, compared with only 3% in controls, correlating with immunosuppression. Additionally, picobirnavirus, an opportunistic pathogen particularly in hosts with compromised immune systems, also showed a significant difference compared to controls. NKCL showed <i>Flaviviridae</i> enrichment, accounting for 82% of eukaryotic viruses, with nearly all of them being human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1). Compared with healthy controls, patients with NHL exhibited significantly lower blood virome α-diversity at the genus level, and T-cell lymphomas showed the lowest species-level richness (140 vs. 332 in controls). Beta diversity highlighted BCL-specific viral heterogeneity, contrasting conserved T/NKCL viral profiles. <i>Anelloviridae</i> and Picobirnavirus expansion aligns with immune dysfunction, whereas NKCL-restricted HPgV-1 prevalence underscores biomarker potential. These findings implicate blood virome alterations marked by viral family predominance and diversity loss in NHL pathogenesis via immune modulation or oncogenesis. This first comprehensive NHL virome profile identifies subtype-specific signatures (<i>Anelloviridae</i>/Picobirnavirus/HPgV-1) for potential diagnostic and therapeutic targeting. Validation of these biomarkers may refine NHL subtyping and elucidate virome-lymphomagenesis mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":" ","pages":"2542457"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12363502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}