生物学最新文献

{"title":"Fractionation of waste-derived volatile fatty acids by multi-stage adsorption using activated charcoal and Diaion HP-20 resin.","authors":"Negar Basereh, Steven Wainaina, Amir Mahboubi, Mohammad J Taherzadeh","doi":"10.1080/21655979.2025.2458366","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21655979.2025.2458366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substituting waste-derived Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) with their conventionally applied fossil-derived counterparts in a spectrum of industrial applications necessitates its proper fractionation into individual acids. This study explored a multi-stage batch adsorption approach for fractionating acidogenic fermentation VFAs effluents from food waste (FW) and chicken manure (CKM) using Diaion HP-20 and activated charcoal. Initial screening at different washing conditions and pH (3.5 and 6.5) revealed the unwashed granular-activated charcoal (GAC-Unwashed) and milli-Q water-washed Diaion (DI-MQ Washed) as the most promising candidates for VFA fractionation of a synthetic VFA mixture at 4 gL^-1. At pH 3.5 (<math><mo><</mo><mi>p</mi><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow></math>), GAC-Unwashed adsorbed 2-6 carbon atom VFAs completely, while DI-MQ Washed exhibited minimal adsorption of acetic acid (AA) (8%), favoring caproic (CA) and valeric acids (VA) (<math><mo>></mo></math>97%). While at pH 6.5 <math><mo>(</mo><mo>></mo><mi>p</mi><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow></math>), GAC-Unwashed selectively targeted VA (79%) and CA (100%). Fractionating VFAs from FW and CKM were conducted in a two-stage adsorption process with optimal results being achieved using GAC-Unwashed at FW initial pH (5.3) and DI-MQ Washed at pH below CKM <math><mi>p</mi><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow></math> (3.5), respectively. The first adsorption stage primarily adsorbed higher molecular weight (MW) VFAs (FW:99.1% CA, CKM:72.9% butyric acid (BA)) with a minor quantity of lower ones (FW:56.5% BA, CKM:29.3% propionic acid (PA)), leaving AA intact. Subsequent stages aimed to isolate AA by adsorbing the remaining low MW VFA (FW:58.9% BA, CKM:27.8% PA, 70% BA) other than AA, indicating effluent fractionation while preserving and purifying AA. Applied selective multi-stage adsorption approach offers a promising method to broaden waste-derived VFA applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8919,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineered","volume":"16 1","pages":"2458366"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-obese potentiality of marine Topse (<i>Polynemus paradiseus</i>) fish oil by inhibiting the expression of SREBP-1c & promoting β-oxidation of fat through upregulating PPAR-α.","authors":"Riya Kar, Pipika Das, Titli Panchali, Ananya Dutta, Manisha Phoujdar, Kuntal Ghosh, Shrabani Pradhan","doi":"10.1080/21623945.2025.2524640","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21623945.2025.2524640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering the adverse effects of marketed drugs, we isolated and analysed topse fish oil (FO) in this study for the first time and examined its effect on obesity. Topse, scientifically known as <i>Polynemus paradiseus</i>, is a common fish species found in the maritime environment of the West Bengal region. To explore the role of marine P. paradiseus FO in alleviating obesity-related metabolic disorders in vivo model. Twenty-four male BALB/c mice with a standard body weight of 18.2 ± 2.1 g were taken and randomly divided into four groups: control group (C), normal chow feeding; obese control (OC), high fat diet (HFD) feeding; Treatment I (T-I) and Treatment II (T-II) group received 200 mg and 400 mg crude oil/kg body weight/day by gavage along with HFD. Here, we examined the effects of P. paradiseus oil on white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, lipid profiles, blood glucose, and adipokine expression levels in the OC group compared to the treated groups to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of FO. Compared to the HFD-induced OC group, the treated obese mice group (T-I and T-II) showed a significant reduction in body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and serum lipid profiles following the application of FO. The FO-treated HFD-induced obese mice group showed a moderate reduction in obesity and inflammatory-related adipocytokines compared to the OC group. Topse FO was enhanced with a large amount of essential fatty acids (FAs) and it might be administered as a dietary supplement to prevent obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7226,"journal":{"name":"Adipocyte","volume":"14 1","pages":"2524640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between HERVs and exogenous viral infections: A focus on the value of HERVs in disease prediction and treatment.","authors":"Anhua Dou, Juan Xu, Chenglin Zhou","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2523888","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2523888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are virus-related sequences that are a normal part of the human genome; they account for about 8% of the human genome. Reactivation of these ancestral proviral sequences can lead to the generation of functional products. Several reactivated HERVs are associated with cancer and autoimmune diseases. Emerging research suggests that reactivated HERVs may play a significant role in the development of viral diseases such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as in neuroinflammatory diseases possibly triggered by viral factors, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies exploring the relationship between HERVs and exogenous viral infections have the potential to offer a fresh perspective on developing treatment and prevention strategies for exogenous viral infections. The mechanism of the transactivation of HERVs caused by exogenous viral infection, as well as the contribution of HERVs to viral diseases or diseases triggered by viral factors, deserve further research. Here, we review the relationship between exogenous viruses and HERVs in several common diseases caused or triggered by viral infections, with a focus on the value of HERVs as biomarkers for forecasting disease advancement or prognosis and as potential targets for therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2523888"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The PA-X host shutoff site 100 V exerts a contrary effect on viral fitness of the highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza A virus in mice and chickens.","authors":"Xia Chen, Ming Kong, Chunxi Ma, Manyu Zhang, Zenglei Hu, Min Gu, Xiaoquan Wang, Ruyi Gao, Shunlin Hu, Yu Chen, Xiaowen Liu, Daxin Peng, Xiufan Liu, Jiao Hu","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2024.2445238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2024.2445238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), encode viral factors to hijack cellular RNA biogenesis processes to direct the degradation of host mRNAs, termed \"host shutoff.\" Host shutoff enables viruses to simultaneously reduce antiviral responses and provides preferential access for viral mRNAs to cellular translation machinery. IAV PA-X is one of these factors that selectively shuts off the global host genes. However, the specific role of PA-X host shutoff activity in viral fitness of IAV remains poorly understood. Herein, we successfully mapped PA-X 100 V as a novel site important for host shutoff of the H7N9 and H5N1 viruses. By analysing the polymorphism of this residue in various subtype viruses, we found that PA-X 100 was highly variable in H7N9 viruses. Structural analysis revealed that 100 V was generally close to the PA-X endonuclease active site, which may account for its host shutoff activity. By generating the corresponding mutant viruses derived from the parental H7N9 virus and the PA-X-deficient H7N9 virus, we determined that PA-X 100 V significantly enhanced viral fitness in mice while diminishing viral virulence in chickens. Mechanistically, PA-X 100 V significantly increased viral polymerase activity and viral replication in mammalian cells. Furthermore, PA-X 100 V highly blunted the global host response in 293T cells, particularly restraining genes involved in energy metabolism and inflammatory response. Collectively, our data provided information about the intricate role of the PA-X host shutoff site in regulating the viral fitness of the H7N9 influenza virus, which furthers our understanding of the complicated pathogenesis of the influenza A virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2445238"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of AgNPs and zileuton on PCOS via ferroptosis and inflammation mitigation.","authors":"Amira K Eltokhy, Rehab Ahmed Ahmed El-Shaer, Omnia Safwat El-Deeb, Eman E Farghal, Rowida Raafat Ibrahim, Rasha Elesawy, Marwa Mahmoud Awad, Radwa Ismail, Shaimaa M Motawea, Doaa Shatat, Yasser Mostafa Hafez, Hend Ahmed El Hanafy, Marwa Mohamed Atef","doi":"10.1080/13510002.2024.2445398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510002.2024.2445398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The most prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women is PCOS. Programmed death of ovarian cells has yet to be elucidated. Ferroptosis is a kind of iron-dependent necrosis featured by significantly Fe⁺²-dependent lipid peroxidation. The ongoing study aimed to reinforce fertility by combining therapy with AgNPs and (Zileuton) in PCOS rats' model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 75 adult female rats divided into 5 groups; control, PCOS, PCOS treated with AgNPs, PCOS treated with Zileuton, and PCOS group treated with AgNPs and Zileuton. The study investigated the anti-ferroptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of COX-2 and VEGF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of AgNPs and Zileuton showed significant reduction of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, NFk-B) compared with diseased group (<i>P</i>-<i>value</i> < 0.05), regression of ferroptosis marks (Panx1 and TLR4 expression, Fe⁺² levels) compared with diseased group (<i>P</i>-<i>value</i> < 0.05), depression of apoptotic marker caspase 3 level compared with diseased animals (<i>P</i>-value < 0.05), depression of MDA level, elevation of HO-1, GPx4 activity, and reduction of Cox2 and VEGF as compared with the diseased, AgNPs or zileuton-treated groups (<i>P</i>-value < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed that the combination of AgNPs and zileuton guards against, inflammation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis in PCO.</p>","PeriodicalId":21096,"journal":{"name":"Redox Report","volume":"30 1","pages":"2445398"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142897257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the versatility of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> as a model organism in biomedical research: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Ayomide Victor Atoki, Patrick Maduabuchi Aja, Tijjani Salihu Shinkafi, Erick Nyakundi Ondari, Adekunle Ismahil Adeniyi, Ilemobayo Victor Fasogbon, Reuben Samson Dangana, Umar Uthman Shehu, Akinpelumi Akin-Adewumi","doi":"10.1080/19336934.2024.2420453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19336934.2024.2420453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> is a highly versatile model organism that has profoundly advanced our understanding of human diseases. With more than 60% of its genes having human homologs, <i>Drosophila</i> provides an invaluable system for modelling a wide range of pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, metabolic diseases, as well as cardiac and muscular conditions. This review highlights key developments in utilizing <i>Drosophila</i> for disease modelling, emphasizing the genetic tools that have transformed research in this field. Technologies such as the GAL4/UAS system, RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR-Cas9 have enabled precise genetic manipulation, with CRISPR-Cas9 allowing for the introduction of human disease mutations into orthologous <i>Drosophila</i> genes. These approaches have yielded critical insights into disease mechanisms, identified novel therapeutic targets and facilitated both drug screening and toxicological studies. Articles were selected based on their relevance, impact and contribution to the field, with a particular focus on studies offering innovative perspectives on disease mechanisms or therapeutic strategies. Our findings emphasize the central role of <i>Drosophila</i> in studying complex human diseases, underscoring its genetic similarities to humans and its effectiveness in modelling conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cancer. This review reaffirms <i>Drosophila</i>'s critical role as a model organism, highlighting its potential to drive future research and therapeutic advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":12128,"journal":{"name":"Fly","volume":"19 1","pages":"2420453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> derived outer membrane vesicles mediated bacterial virulence, antibiotic resistance, host immune responses and clinical applications.","authors":"Lifeng Li, Xinxiu Xu, Ping Cheng, Zengyuan Yu, Mingchao Li, Zhidan Yu, Weyland Cheng, Wancun Zhang, Huiqing Sun, Xiaorui Song","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2449722","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2449722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is a gram-negative pathogen that can cause multiple diseases including sepsis, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia. The escalating detections of hypervirulent and antibiotic-resistant isolates are giving rise to growing public concerns. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical vesicles containing bioactive substances including lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, periplasmic and cytoplasmic proteins, and nucleic acids. Emerging studies have reported various roles of OMVs in bacterial virulence, antibiotic resistance, stress adaptation, and host interactions, whereas knowledge on their roles in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> is currently unclear. In this review, we summarized recent progress on the biogenesis, components, and biological function of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> OMVs, the impact and action mechanism in virulence, antibiotic resistance, and host immune response. We also deliberated on the potential of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> OMVs in vaccine development, as diagnostic biomarkers, and as drug nanocarriers. In conclusion, <i>K. pneumoniae</i> OMVs hold great promise in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, which merits further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2449722"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorafenib-associated translation reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.","authors":"Laura Contreras, Alfonso Rodríguez-Gil, Jordi Muntané, Jesús de la Cruz","doi":"10.1080/15476286.2025.2483484","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15476286.2025.2483484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sorafenib (Sfb) is a multikinase inhibitor regularly used for the management of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that has been shown to increase very modestly life expectancy. We have shown that Sfb inhibits protein synthesis at the level of initiation in cancer cells. However, the global snapshot of mRNA translation following Sorafenib-treatment has not been explored so far. In this study, we performed a genome-wide polysome profiling analysis in Sfb-treated HCC cells and demonstrated that, despite global translation repression, a set of different genes remain efficiently translated or are even translationally induced. We reveal that, in response to Sfb inhibition, translation is tuned, which strongly correlates with the presence of established mRNA <i>cis</i>-acting elements and the corresponding protein factors that recognize them, including DAP5 and ARE-binding proteins. At the level of biological processes, Sfb leads to the translational down-regulation of key cellular activities, such as those related to the mitochondrial metabolism and the collagen synthesis, and the translational up-regulation of pathways associated with the adaptation and survival of cells in response to the Sfb-induced stress. Our findings indicate that Sfb induces an adaptive reprogramming of translation and provides valuable information that can facilitate the analysis of other drugs for the development of novel combined treatment strategies based on Sfb therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21351,"journal":{"name":"RNA Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the methanogenic SECIS element <i>in vivo</i> by targeted mutagenesis.","authors":"Nils Peiter, Anna Einert, Pauline Just, Frida Jannasch, Marija Najdovska, Michael Rother","doi":"10.1080/15476286.2025.2472448","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15476286.2025.2472448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In all domains of life, Archaea, Eukarya and Bacteria, the unusual amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) is co-translationally incorporated into proteins by recoding a UGA stop codon to a sense codon. A secondary structure on the mRNA, the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS), is required, but its position, secondary structure and binding partner(s) are not conserved across the tree of life. Thus far, the nature of archaeal SECIS elements has been derived mainly from sequence analyses. A recently developed <i>in vivo</i> reporter system was used to study the structure-function relationships of SECIS elements in <i>Methanococcus maripaludis</i>. Through targeted mutagenesis, we defined the minimal functional SECIS element, the parts of the SECIS where structure and not the identity of the bases are relevant for function, and identified two conserved -and invariant- adenines that are most likely to interact with the other factor(s) of the Sec recoding machinery. Finally, we demonstrated the functionality of SECIS elements in the 5`-untranslated region of the mRNA and identified a potential mechanism of SECIS repositioning in the vicinity of the UGA for efficient selenocysteine insertion.</p>","PeriodicalId":21351,"journal":{"name":"RNA Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i>-derived extracellular vesicles as a novel vaccine candidate.","authors":"Su Hyun Park, Yun Hye Kim, Hyeon Jin Lee, Jeong Moo Han, Byoung-Joo Seo, Gyeong-Seo Park, Chonghan Kim, Young Bae Ryu, Woo Sik Kim","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2453818","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2453818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> (APP) is a significant pathogen in the swine industry, leading to substantial economic losses and highlighting the need for effective vaccines. This study evaluates the potential of APP-derived extracellular vesicles (APP-EVs) as a vaccine candidate compared to the commercial Coglapix vaccine. APP-EVs, isolated using tangential flow filtration (TFF) and cushioned ultracentrifugation, exhibited an average size of 105 nm and a zeta potential of -17.4 mV. These EVs demonstrated stability under external stressors, such as pH changes and enzymatic exposure and were found to contain 86 major metabolites. Additionally, APP-EVs induced dendritic cell (DC) maturation in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. APP-EVs predominantly elicited Th1-mediated IgG responses in immunized mice without significant liver and kidney toxicity. Contrarily, unlike Coglapix, which induced stronger Th2-mediated responses and notable toxicity. In addition, APP-EVs triggered APP-specific Th1, Th17, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and promoted the activation of multifunctional T-cells. Notably, APP-EV immunization enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and improved survival rates in mice challenged with APP infection compared to those treated with Coglapix. These findings suggest that APP-EVs are promising vaccine candidates, capable of inducing potent APP-specific T-cell responses, particularly Th1, Th17, CTL, and multifunctional T-cells, thereby enhancing the protective immune response against APP infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2453818"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}