医学最新文献

{"title":"Could inorganic polyphosphate be a valid target against neuronal senescence?","authors":"Luca Tagliafico, Maria E Solesio","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01559","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"1106-1107"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological characteristics and corresponding functional properties of homeostatic human microglia.","authors":"Pariya Khodabakhsh, Olga Garaschuk","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01568","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"1112-1113"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotection provided by polyphenols and flavonoids in photoreceptor degenerative diseases.","authors":"Théo Henrique de Lima-Vasconcellos, Gabrieli Bovi Dos Santos, Marília Inês Móvio, Giovanna Klemenc Donnici, Gabriela Maria Badin, Daniele Ribeiro de Araujo, Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01638","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches. Photoreceptor degeneration, the common endpoint in various retinal diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, leads to vision loss or blindness. While primary cell death is driven by genetic mutations, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, additional mechanisms contribute to disease progression. In retinitis pigmentosa, a multitude of genetic alterations can trigger the degeneration of photoreceptors, while other retinopathies, such as age-related macular degeneration, are initiated by combinations of environmental factors, such as diet, smoking, and hypertension, with genetic predispositions. Nutraceutical therapies, which blend the principles of nutrition and pharmaceuticals, aim to harness the health benefits of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications. These compounds generally possess multi-target effects. Polyphenols and flavonoids, secondary plant metabolites abundant in plant-based foods, are known for their antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the potential of polyphenols and flavonoids as nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. Furthermore, the importance of developing reliable delivery methods to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these compounds will be discussed. By combining nutraceuticals with other emerging therapies, such as genetic and cell-based treatments, it is possible to offer a more comprehensive approach to treating retinal degenerative diseases. These advancements could lead to a viable and accessible option, improving the quality of life for patients with retinal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"908-922"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of synaptic function and lipid metabolism.","authors":"Tongtong Zhang, Yunsi Yin, Xinyi Xia, Xinwei Que, Xueyu Liu, Guodong Zhao, Jiahao Chen, Qiuyue Chen, Zhiqing Xu, Yi Tang, Qi Qin","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01412","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synapses are key structures involved in transmitting information in the nervous system, and their functions rely on the regulation of various lipids. Lipids play important roles in synapse formation, neurotransmitter release, and signal transmission, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. The complex roles of lipids in synaptic function and neurological diseases have recently garnered increasing attention, but their specific mechanisms remain to be fully understood. This review aims to explore how lipids regulate synaptic activity in the central nervous system, focusing on their roles in synapse formation, neurotransmitter release, and signal transmission. Additionally, it discusses the mechanisms by which glial cells modulate synaptic function through lipid regulation. This review shows that within the central nervous system, lipids are essential components of the cell membrane bilayer, playing critical roles in synaptic structure and function. They regulate presynaptic vesicular trafficking, postsynaptic signaling pathways, and glial-neuronal interactions. Cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity and promotes the formation of lipid rafts. Glycerophospholipids contribute to the structural integrity of synaptic membranes and are involved in the release of synaptic vesicles. Sphingolipids interact with synaptic receptors through various mechanisms to regulate their activity and are also involved in cellular processes such as inflammation and apoptosis. Fatty acids are vital for energy metabolism and the synthesis of signaling molecules. Abnormalities in lipid metabolism may lead to impairments in synaptic function, affecting information transmission between neurons and the overall health of the nervous system. Therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism, particularly through cholesterol modulation, show promise for treating these conditions. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely linked to synaptic dysfunction. Therefore, lipids are not only key molecules in neural regeneration and synaptic repair but may also contribute to neurodegenerative pathology when metabolic dysregulation occurs. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms linking lipid metabolism to synaptic dysfunction and to develop targeted lipid therapies for neurological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"1037-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoplasmic reticulum: Regulator of structural potentiation of dendritic spines.","authors":"Philip J Dittmer, Mark L Dell'Acqua","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":"21 3","pages":"1114-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation on ischemic stroke in rats: An in vivo evaluation using electrical impedance tomography.","authors":"Jiecheng Guo, Sixuan He, Li Yan, Lei Wang, Xuetao Shi, Huijing Hu, Le Li","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00128","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202603000-00042/figure1/v/2025-06-16T082406Z/r/image-tiff Although previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation protects the ischemic brain, clear criteria for the stimulation time window and intensity are lacking. Electrical impedance tomography enables real-time monitoring of changes in cerebral blood perfusion within the ischemic brain, but investigating the feasibility of using this method to assess post-stroke rehabilitation in vivo remains critical. In this study, ischemic stroke was induced in rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery. Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation was used to treat the rat model of ischemia, and electrical impedance tomography was used to measure impedance during both the acute stage of ischemia and the rehabilitation stage following the stimulation. Electrical impedance tomography results indicated that cerebral impedance increased after the onset of ischemia and decreased following transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation. Furthermore, the stimulation promoted motor function recovery, reduced cerebral infarction volume in the rat model of ischemic stroke, and induced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ischemic brain. Our results also revealed a significant correlation between the impedance of the ischemic brain post-intervention and improvements in behavioral scores and infarct volume. This study shows that daily administration of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation for 20 minutes to the ischemic hemisphere 24 hours after cerebral ischemia enhanced motor recovery in a rat model of ischemia. Additionally, our findings indicate that electrical impedance tomography can serve as a valuable tool for quantitatively evaluating rehabilitation after ischemic stroke in vivo . These findings suggest the feasibility of using impedance data collected via electrical impedance tomography to clinically assess the effects of rehabilitatory interventions for patients with ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"1183-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture for the treatment of ischemic stroke: A preclinical meta-analysis and systematic review.","authors":"Guohui Yang, Chong Guan, Meixi Liu, Yi Lin, Ying Xing, Yashuo Feng, Haozheng Li, Yi Wu, Nianhong Wang, Lu Luo","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01030","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01030","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and electroacupuncture has a long history of use in stroke treatment. This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture and explore its potential mechanisms in animal models of ischemic stroke. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were comprehensively searched up to May 1, 2024. This review included articles on preclinical investigations of the efficacy and mechanisms of electroacupuncture in treating ischemic stroke. Data from 70 eligible studies were analyzed in Stata 18.0, using a random-effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference (Hedge's g). The risk of bias was assessed using RevMan 5.4 software, and the quality of evidence was rated according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Subgroup analyses were conducted to test the consistency of the results and sensitivity analyses were used to assess their robustness. The quality assessment revealed that most studies adequately handled incomplete data and selective reporting. However, several methodological limitations were identified: only 4 studies demonstrated a low risk of allocation concealment, 26 achieved a low risk of outcome assessment bias, and 9 had a high risk of randomization bias. Additionally, there was an unclear risk regarding participant blinding and other methodological aspects. The GRADE assessment rated 12 outcomes as moderate quality and 6 as low quality. The mechanisms of electroacupuncture treatment for ischemic stroke can be categorized as five primary pathways: (1) Electroacupuncture significantly reduced infarct volume and apoptotic cell death ( P &lt; 0.01) in ischemic stroke models; (2) electroacupuncture significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors ( P &lt; 0.01) while increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory factors ( P = 0.02); (3) electroacupuncture reduced the levels of oxidative stress indicators ( P &lt; 0.01) and enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes ( P &lt; 0.01); (4) electroacupuncture significantly promoted nerve regeneration ( P &lt; 0.01); and (5) electroacupuncture influenced blood flow remodeling ( P &lt; 0.01) and angiogenesis ( P &lt; 0.01). Subgroup analyses indicated that electroacupuncture was most effective in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model ( P &lt; 0.01) and in post-middle cerebral artery occlusion intervention ( P &lt; 0.01). Dispersive waves were found to outperform continuous waves with respect to neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects ( P &lt; 0.01), while scalp acupoints demonstrated greater efficacy than body acupoints ( P &lt; 0.01). The heterogeneity among the included studies was minimal, and sensitivity analyses indicated stable results. Their methodological quality was generally satisfactory. In conclusion, electroacupuncture is effective in treating cerebral ischemia by modulating cell apoptosis, o","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"1191-1210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of tunneling nanotubes in neuroglia.","authors":"Weichen Xu, Xingyu Yang, Hongmei Zheng, Changzheng Chen, Jiajia Yuan","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01129","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tunneling nanotubes are crucial structures for cellular communication and are observed in a variety of cell types. Glial cells, the most abundant cells in the nervous system, play a vital role in intercellular signaling and can show abnormal activation under pathological conditions. Our bibliometric analysis indicated a substantial increase in research on tunneling nanotubes over the past two decades, highlighting their important role in cellular communication. This review focuses on the formation of tunneling nanotubes in various types of glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, glioma cells, and Schwann cells, as well as their roles in cellular communication and cargo transport. We found that glial cells influence the stability of the neural system and play a role in nerve regeneration through tunneling nanotubes. Tunneling nanotubes facilitate the transmission and progression of diseases by transporting pathogens and harmful substances. However, they are also involved in alleviating cellular stress by removing toxins and delivering essential nutrients. Understanding the interactions between glial cells through tunneling nanotubes could provide valuable insights into the complex neural networks that govern brain function and responses to injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"1023-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticity meets regeneration during innate spinal cord repair.","authors":"Amruta Tendolkar, Mayssa H Mokalled","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01197","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"1136-1137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lysophosphatidic acid signaling: Transmembrane modulators in the central nervous system.","authors":"Alexandra Polyzou, Alexandros K Tsiouris, Charalampos Labrakakis, Britta J Eickholt, George Leondaritis","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01465","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"1104-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}