医学最新文献

{"title":"Readiness assessment for cervical cancer elimination and prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers in Europe - are we winning the RACE?","authors":"Eugenia Karamousouli, Ugne Sabale, Stefano Valente, Fanut Morosan, Maria Heuser, Olivia Dodd, Danielle Riley, Louise Heron, Giovanna Elisa Calabrò, Theodoros Agorastos, Paul Sevelda, Zoárd Tibor Krasznai, Shay Nahum, Rune Horby","doi":"10.1080/14760584.2024.2438759","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14760584.2024.2438759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To address the cervical cancer burden globally, the World Health Organization and European Union released strategies to facilitate HPV-related cancers prevention, including cervical cancer elimination. This research assessed European country level readiness to achieve cervical cancer elimination by adhering to such strategies.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Readiness for cervical cancer elimination was assessed across a range of guiding questions relevant to three defined key domains: vaccination, screening, and treatment, each with two sub-domains focusing on decision making and implementation efforts. Publicly available data sources were used to inform the scoring across domains, to tier countries into either high, moderate-high, moderate-low, and low readiness archetypes.Key parameters identified associated with the high readiness archetype were high vaccination coverage rates (>70%), availability of gender neutral and catch-up vaccination, school-based vaccination availability, organized screening programs, use of HPV DNA primary screening tests, and data surveillance.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Our analysis highlights significant variability in decision making and implementation of vaccination, screening, and treatment programmes across Europe. Country scores expose the need for a multifaceted approach to achieve cervical cancer elimination in Europe, encompassing solid decision making commitments, implementation of these commitments, and the ability to collect, surveil, and apply the data use accurately.</p>","PeriodicalId":12326,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":"11-26"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marked neurotropism and potential adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4.b virus in naturally infected domestic cats.","authors":"Shubhada K Chothe, Surabhi Srinivas, Sougat Misra, Noel Chandan Nallipogu, Elizabeth Gilbride, Lindsey LaBella, Swastidipa Mukherjee, Christian H Gauthier, Heidi L Pecoraro, Brett T Webb, James M Pipas, Santhamani Ramasamy, Suresh V Kuchipudi","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2440498","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2440498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In April 2024, ten cats died in a rural South Dakota (SD) residence, showing respiratory and neurological symptoms. Necropsy and laboratory testing of two cats confirmed H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection. The viral genome sequences are closely related to recent SD cattle H5N1 sequences. Cat H5N1 genomes had unique mutations, including T143A in haemagglutinin, known to affect infectivity and immune evasion, and two novel mutations in PA protein (F314L, L342Q) that may affect polymerase activity and virulence, suggesting potential virus adaptation. Dead cats showed systemic infection with lesions and viral antigens in multiple organs. Higher viral RNA and antigen in the brain indicated pronounced neurotropism. Lectin-histochemistry revealed widespread co-expression of sialic acid α-2,6 and α-2,3 receptors, suggesting cats could serve as mixing vessels for reassortment of avian and mammalian influenza viruses. No differences in clade 2.2 or 2.3.4.4b H5 pseudoviruses binding to cat lung/brain tissues indicated the neurotropism is unlikely mediated by receptor binding affinity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2440498"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T cell margination: investigating the detour of T cells following forimtamig treatment in humanized mice.","authors":"Nils O'Brien, Joerg P J Mueller, Ann-Marie E Bröske, Jan Attig, Franz Osl, Cylia Crisand, Ann-Katrin Wolf, Richard Rae, Stefanie Lechner, Thomas Pöschinger, Christian Klein, Pablo Umaña, Sara Colombetti, Andreas Beilhack, Jan Eckmann","doi":"10.1080/19420862.2024.2440578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19420862.2024.2440578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are a promising new class of therapeutics for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. A frequently observed, yet incompletely understood effect of this treatment is the transient reduction of circulating T cell counts, also known as T cell margination (TCM). After administration of the GPRC5D-targeting TCB forimtamig (RG6234), TCM occurred in patients and correlated with cytokine release and soluble B cell maturation antigen decrease. We demonstrate that TCM is accurately represented in the humanized NSG mouse model and occurs at a lower threshold of target expression than systemic cytokine release. Application of whole-mouse tissue clearing and 3D imaging revealed that T cells accumulate in the bone marrow after treatment. We hypothesize that low amounts of targets are sufficient to rapidly redirect T cells upon TCB engagement. Therefore, we propose TCM as a beneficial, highly sensitive and early effect of forimtamig that leads T cells to likely sites of bone marrow tumor lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18206,"journal":{"name":"mAbs","volume":"17 1","pages":"2440578"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic island-encoded LmiA regulates acid resistance and biofilm formation in enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7.","authors":"Hongmin Sun, Lingyan Jiang, Jingnan Chen, Chenbo Kang, Jun Yan, Shuai Ma, Mengjie Zhao, Houliang Guo, Bin Yang","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2024.2443107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2443107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EHEC) O157:H7 is an important intestinal pathogen that causes severe foodborne diseases. We previously demonstrated that the genomic island-encoded regulator LmiA activates the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes to promote EHEC O157:H7 adherence and colonization in the host intestine. However, whether LmiA is involved in the regulation of any other biological processes in EHEC O157:H7 remains largely unexplored. Here, we compared global gene expression differences between the EHEC O157:H7 wild-type strain and an <i>lmiA</i> mutant strain using RNA-seq technology. Genes whose expression was affected by LmiA were identified and classified using the Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) database. Specifically, the expression of acid resistance genes (including <i>gadA</i>, <i>gadB</i>, and <i>gadC</i>) was significantly downregulated, whereas the transcript levels of biofilm-related genes (including <i>Z_RS00105</i>, <i>yadN</i>, <i>Z_RS03020</i>, and <i>fdeC</i>) were increased, in the Δ<i>lmiA</i> mutant compared to the EHEC O157:H7 wild-type strain. Further investigation revealed that LmiA enhanced the acid resistance of EHEC O157:H7 by directly activating the transcription of <i>gadA</i> and <i>gadBC</i>. In contrast, LmiA reduced EHEC O157:H7 biofilm formation by indirectly repressing the expression of biofilm-related genes. Furthermore, LmiA-mediated regulation of acid resistance and biofilm formation is highly conserved and widespread among EHEC and enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (EPEC). Our findings provide essential insight into the regulatory function of LmiA in EHEC O157:H7, particularly its role in regulating acid resistance and biofilm formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2443107"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota and microbial metabolites for osteoporosis.","authors":"Xuan-Qi Zheng, Ding-Ben Wang, Yi-Rong Jiang, Chun-Li Song","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2024.2437247","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19490976.2024.2437247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis is an age-related bone metabolic disease. As an essential endocrine organ, the skeletal system is intricately connected with extraosseous organs. The crosstalk between bones and other organs supports this view. In recent years, the link between the gut microecology and bone metabolism has become an important research topic, both in preclinical studies and in clinical trials. Many studies have shown that skeletal changes are accompanied by changes in the composition and structure of the gut microbiota (GM). At the same time, natural or artificial interventions targeting the GM can subsequently affect bone metabolism. Moreover, microbiome-related metabolites may have important effects on bone metabolism. We aim to review the relationships among the GM, microbial metabolites, and bone metabolism and to summarize the potential mechanisms involved and the theory of the gut‒bone axis. We also describe existing bottlenecks in laboratory studies, as well as existing challenges in clinical settings, and propose possible future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2437247"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T cells regulate intestinal motility and shape enteric neuronal responses to intestinal microbiota.","authors":"Patricia Rodrigues Marques de Souza, Catherine M Keenan, Laurie E Wallace, Yasaman Bahojb Habibyan, Marcela Davoli-Ferreira, Christina Ohland, Fernando A Vicentini, Kathy D McCoy, Keith A Sharkey","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2024.2442528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2442528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How the gut microbiota and immune system maintain intestinal homeostasis in concert with the enteric nervous system (ENS) remains incompletely understood. To address this gap, we assessed small intestinal transit, enteric neuronal density, enteric neurogenesis, intestinal microbiota, immune cell populations and cytokines in wildtype and T-cell deficient germ-free mice colonized with specific pathogen-free (SPF) microbiota, conventionally raised SPF and segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)-monocolonized mice. SPF microbiota increased small intestinal transit in a T cell-dependent manner. SPF microbiota increased neuronal density in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the ileum and colon, similar to conventionally raised SPF mice, independently of T cells. SFB increased neuronal density in the ileum in a T cell-dependent manner, but independently of T cells in the colon. SPF microbiota stimulated enteric neurogenesis (Sox2 expression in enteric neurons) in the ileum in a T cell-dependent manner, but in the colon this effect was T cell-independent. T cells regulated nestin expression in the ENS. SPF colonization increased Th17 cells, RORγT⁺ Treg cells, and IL-1β and IL-17A levels in the ileum and colon. By neutralizing IL-1β and IL-17A, we observed that they control microbiota-mediated enteric neurogenesis but were not involved in the regulation of motility. Together, these findings provide new insights into the microbiota-neuroimmune dialog that regulates intestinal physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2442528"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating sensory assessments in preventive home visits: a cross-sectional study of the Faroe Islands.","authors":"Haanes Gro Gade, Tor Martin Kvikstad, Ása Roin","doi":"10.1080/22423982.2024.2442153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22423982.2024.2442153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Sensory impairments, including hearing and vision loss, are common in older adults and can affect quality of life. This study examines the integration of hearing and vision assessments in preventive home visits (PHVs) for older adults in the Faroe Islands, comparing outcomes between urban and rural settings.<b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the feasibility of including sensory assessments in PHVs and compare sensory measurements between Tórshavn (urban) and rural districts.<b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study with 175 participants aged 76 was conducted in Tórshavn and five rural areas. Data included demographics, self-assessments, and clinical evaluations using standardized tools.<b>Results:</b> Visual impairments were slightly more prevalent in rural areas, while hearing impairments showed no significant differences. Discrepancies between self-reported and measured impairments emphasized the importance of objective assessments. Sensory acreenings during PHVs improved early detection and highlighted inequities in access to specialized services.<b>Conclusion:</b> Integrating sensory assessments in PHVs is feasible and beneficial, adressing disparities between urban and rural areas. These screenings support equitable healthcare and early intervention, promoting better quality of life for older adults across diverse settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circumpolar Health","volume":"84 1","pages":"2442153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between caffeine intake and fat free mass index: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Ya-Lan Tian, Xin Liu, Meng-Yao Yang, Yu-Han Wu, Fu-Qiang Yin, Zhen-Tong Zhang, Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2445607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2024.2445607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caffeine, identified as a central nervous system stimulant in foods, beverages (coffee, tea, chocolate), and medications, has been focused on its ergogenic properties, enhancing physical performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the caffeine intake (from coffee) and fat-free mass index (FFMI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We carried out a cohort study that included 3,466 women and 3,145 men aged ≥20 years who were intaking caffeine. Caffeine intake from coffee were obtained from two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The FFMI was calculated as FFM (kg) divided by height in m². The caffeine intake was classified into quartiles and combined into 4 groups. Multiple linear regression model analysis and multiple logistic regression model analysis were used to assess associations between the caffeine and FFMI adjusted for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 2,427 participants, males accounted for 52.4%, and females 47.6%. In multiple linear regression model, Model 1 (unadjusted Model (<i>p</i> = 0.041)) and Model 2 (adjusted for age, race, and BMI (<i>p</i> = 0.006)) in women showed a significant relationship between caffeine intake and FFMI. In multivariable models, caffeine intake and FFMI were significantly different (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In sex subgroups, among females, each quartile of caffeine intake was positively correlated with FFMI levels in the average FFMI group in Model 3 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In age subgroups, each quartile of caffeine intake was positively correlated with FFMI levels in the average FFMI group in Model 3 for individuals aged 20-40 (<i>p</i> = 0.039) and those aged above 40 (<i>p</i> = 0.016). In drinking status subgroups, if they drunk alcohol, each quartile was positively correlated with FFMI levels in the average FFMI group in Model 3 (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caffeine intake was mainly positively associated with FFMI, especially in women with above levels of FFMI. Longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish causality and provide evidence-based recommendations regarding caffeine intake to optimize muscle health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2445607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional dietary approach reduces intestinal inflammation in relation with changes in gut microbiota composition in subjects at cardiometabolic risk: the SINFONI project.","authors":"Hugo Hornero-Ramirez, Arianne Morisette, Bruno Marcotte, Armelle Penhoat, Béryle Lecomte, Baptiste Panthu, Jacob Lessard Lord, Florence Thirion, Laurie Van-Den-Berghe, Emilie Blond, Chantal Simon, Cyrielle Caussy, Nathalie Feugier, Joël Doré, Philippe Sanoner, Alexandra Meynier, Yves Desjardins, Geneviève Pilon, André Marette, Patrice D Cani, Martine Laville, Sophie Vinoy, Marie-Caroline Michalski, Julie-Anne Nazare","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2024.2438823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2438823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of cardiometabolic (CM) diseases is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, partly linked to alterations of the gut microbiota (GM) and reduced intestinal integrity. The SINFONI project investigates a multifunctional (MF) nutritional strategy's impact combining different bioactive compounds on inflammation, GM modulation and CM profile. In this randomized crossover-controlled study, 30 subjects at CM-risk consumed MF cereal-products, enriched with polyphenols, fibers, slowly-digestible starch, omega-3 fatty acids or Control cereal-products (without bioactive compounds) for 2 months. Metabolic endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein over soluble cluster of differentiation-14 (LBP/sCD14), systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk markers, intestinal inflammation, CM profile and response to a one-week fructose supplementation, were assessed at fasting and post mixed-meal. GM composition and metabolomic analysis were conducted. Mixed linear models were employed, integrating time (pre/post), treatment (MF/control), and sequence/period. Compared to control, MF intervention reduced intestinal inflammation (fecal calprotectin, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and endotoxemia (fasting LPS, <i>p</i> < 0.05), without alteration of systemic inflammation. MF decreased serum branched-chain amino acids compared to control (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and increased <i>B.ovatus</i>, <i>B.uniformis</i>, <i>A.butyriciproducens</i> and unclassified <i>Christensenellaceae.CAG-74</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). CM markers were unchanged. A 2-month dietary intervention combining multiple bioactive compounds improved intestinal inflammation and induced GM modulation. Such strategy appears as an effective strategy to target low-grade inflammation through multi-target approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2438823"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some comments on \"Maternal hemoglobin A1c and left ventricular hypertrophy in infants of mothers with pregestational diabetes\".","authors":"Jeong Sook Kim, Soo-Jeong Lee","doi":"10.1080/14767058.2024.2434060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2024.2434060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50146,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"2434060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}