医学最新文献

{"title":"Bile salt hydrolase activity as a rational target for MASLD therapy.","authors":"Elizabeth V Jones, Yongtao Wang, Wenchao Wei, James C Reed, Snehal N Chaudhari, Darrick K Li, Jerome Boursier, Sonja Lang, Münevver Demir, Anna Mae Diehl, Andrew S Allegretti, Bernd Schnabl, Raymond T Chung, A Sloan Devlin","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2608437","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2608437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the United States, yet therapeutic options remain limited. Emerging evidence implicates the gut‒liver axis and intestinal permeability in disease pathogenesis. Previous studies in animal models and human cell culture indicated that bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), which are gut bacterial enzymes that deconjugate host-derived bile acids, damage intestinal barrier integrity and cause liver damage through the generation of unconjugated bile acids (UBAs). However, the relevance of these findings to MASLD patients is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BSH activity is elevated in fecal samples from MASLD patients with advanced liver fibrosis and correlates with reduced fecal bile acid levels, which is consistent with a proposed model of increased intestinal permeability during MASLD progression. Through anaerobic culturing and activity-guided screening, we identify diverse BSH-active bacteria from patient fecal samples, suggesting broad microbial contributions to bile acid deconjugation in MASLD patients. Importantly, small-molecule BSH inhibitors suppressed BSH activity in both fecal communities and monocultures from MASLD patients without affecting bacterial viability. These findings indicate that BSH activity is a microbial function associated with MASLD progression and suggest that BSH inhibitors could be developed as a microbiome-targeted strategy for MASLD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"18 1","pages":"2608437"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12773562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145888261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic pathways linking gut microbial metabolites, microbial structural products, and host-microbe co-metabolites to mitochondrial function.","authors":"Richard E Frye, Daniel A Rossignol","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2026.2694140","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19490976.2026.2694140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut-derived microbial metabolites modulate host mitochondrial function. To our knowledge, no prior systematic review has synthesized evidence linking these metabolites to direct mitochondrial endpoints across all major metabolite classes. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched through March 2026 for studies examining direct mitochondrial endpoints in relation to ten classes of gut-derived metabolites. Gut-derived microbial metabolites exert diverse effects on mitochondrial function, ranging from bioenergetic enhancement to direct toxicity. After contextual evidence was excluded from the certainty assessment, four metabolite-mitochondrial outcome groupings had moderate certainty: butyrate, propionate, indoxyl sulfate, and lipopolysaccharide. Evidence for p-cresyl sulfate, H₂S, and urolithin A was rated low; evidence for the remaining metabolite classes was low or very low. Butyrate generally enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, ATP generation, and electron transport chain activity across multiple experimental models. Indoxyl sulfate generally impaired mitochondrial function, whereas p-cresyl sulfate produced concentration- and model-dependent effects. PGC-1α emerges as a central regulatory node, integrating microbial metabolic signals to control mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Many microbial metabolites demonstrate concentration-dependent biphasic effects. These findings support a mechanistic microbiome-mitochondrial framework in which diverse gut-derived molecules converge on a limited set of mitochondrial control nodes: electron transport chain activity, reactive oxygen species handling, biogenesis, and mitophagy. The evidence base is predominantly preclinical; these insights should be considered hypothesis-generating.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"18 1","pages":"2694140"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training of trainers on medical education reforms: a prospective multicenter French survey among intensivists.","authors":"Bertrand Hermann, Jennifer Truchot, Alain Cariou, Sarah Benghanem","doi":"10.1080/10872981.2026.2694932","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10872981.2026.2694932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recent reform of the second cycle of medical education in France introduced competency-based medical education (CBME) with the incorporation of several pedagogical modalities into undergraduate training and assessment, including objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs), simulation-based teaching (SBT), and clinical reasoning (CR) instruction throughout the academic year. While these tools are central to preparing competent practitioners, their effective implementation depends on adequately trained educators. We hypothesized that training would be insufficient, notably in the recently introduced pedagogical modalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a national, cross-sectional survey (June-September 2023) to assess the level and adequacy of training of board-certified physicians practicing in critical care and involved in undergraduate teaching. An anonymous online questionnaire collected demographic data, teaching frequency, training characteristics, perceived adequacy and usefulness of training, preparedness, and barriers. The responses were analyzed descriptively and comparatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 151 eligible respondents (72% male, median age 41 years, 70% working in teaching hospitals, and 44% holding an academic position), lectures remained the most common teaching modality despite CBME implementation. Only 60% of the respondents reported involvement in OSCEs. Teachers' training rates across pedagogical modalities were low and heterogeneous: 32% for OSCEs, 30% for SBT, 29% for written assessment design, 24% for lectures, and 12% for CR. Training in the SBT was more often practical, longer in duration, and rated as more useful and adequate than training in other modalities. Overall, the respondents reported moderate preparedness and frequent teaching difficulties. Prior training was associated with higher perceived preparedness and fewer difficulties when teaching students. Lack of dedicated time was the most frequently reported barrier to training (69%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This national survey revealed insufficient and heterogeneous training of intensivist educators in all pedagogical modalities of the undergraduate curriculum. Trainers report limited preparedness and frequent challenges. Standardized, accessible, and time-protected faculty development programs are urgently needed to support CBME education.</p>","PeriodicalId":47656,"journal":{"name":"Medical Education Online","volume":"31 1","pages":"2694932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food system change, traditional food practices, and nutrition transition dynamics: Qualitative insights from Indonesia and implications for cardiometabolic health.","authors":"David Colozza","doi":"10.1080/17441692.2026.2725453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2026.2725453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid urbanisation and food system change have reshaped diets across low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), contributing to a growing burden of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). However, food system change in LMIC is not uniform or linear, with traditional diets and food practices persisting alongside modernising food environments. Drawing on qualitative data from three urban communities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, this study examines how residents experience and navigate food system and dietary change amid rapid urbanisation. Participants described shifts consistent with the nutrition transition, including a move from subsistence-based food access towards market- and cash-based systems, alongside growth in ready-made and ultra-processed foods (UPF), eating out, and digital food delivery. These changes were associated with perceived declines in food quality, increased snacking and portion sizes, and intergenerational shifts towards convenience-oriented diets. Meanwhile, traditional food practices, including home food production, food sharing, and consumption of traditional foods remained important and were adapted to changing urban conditions. The findings suggest that food system change in urban Indonesia is characterised by the coexistence of traditional and modern food systems rather than a simple transition from one to the other. Traditional food practices may offer culturally relevant opportunities for CMD prevention in rapidly urbanising LMIC settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12735,"journal":{"name":"Global Public Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"2725453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using randomization to compare AI and expert-generated formative assessment questions in medical education.","authors":"Akshat Kumar, Katie Stinson, Litao Wang, Elizabeth Nugent, Yongsu Lee, Mark Hormann, LaTanya Jones Love, Toufeeq Ahmed Syed","doi":"10.1080/10872981.2026.2671586","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10872981.2026.2671586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>AI-generated content is being used across the education spectrum and is beneficial for creating complex multiple-choice questions, such as those used in medical education. However, evaluating AI-generated content is challenging, and existing testing and evaluation methods are falling short. This study uses randomization to compare medical students' performance on and subjective evaluation of AI versus expert-generated questions. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in student performance or subjective evaluation of AI vs expert-generated questions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed a single-center, randomized study where medical student participants received either one AI- or expert-generated question per day over four weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study showed that participants had similar perceptions of AI versus expert-generated questions (<i>p</i> = 0.18), with no significant difference between the distributions of the proportion of correct responses. The cumulative proportion of questions answered correctly over 28 days was consistent across the two question sets. However, participants rated 53% of AI-generated questions as very easy or easy compared with only 31% of the expert-generated questions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Randomization was crucial to show that AI-generated questions were nearly imperceptible from expert-generated questions, demonstrating the need for additional evaluation methods to compare AI- and expert-generated medical education content.</p>","PeriodicalId":47656,"journal":{"name":"Medical Education Online","volume":"31 1","pages":"2671586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steroid receptor coactivator 3-deficient regulatory T cells eradicate multiple solid tumors in syngeneic mouse models.","authors":"Nuri Sung, Eunsu Kim, Yosef Gilad, Yuri Park, Adam M Dean, Yan Xia, Jianming Xu, Clifford C Dacso, David M Lonard, Sang Jun Han","doi":"10.1080/2162402X.2026.2640261","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2162402X.2026.2640261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) is highly expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and is important for their immunosuppressive activity. Recently, we demonstrated that disrupting SRC-3 expression in Tregs eliminates triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and prostate cancer in syngeneic animal models by generating an anti-tumor immune microenvironment without inducing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Further analysis of these mice revealed that SRC-3 knockout (KO) Tregs infiltrated breast tumors and facilitated the infiltration of CD8⁺, CD4⁺, and natural killer (NK) immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Given the anti-tumor effects of SRC-3KO Tregs in two different solid cancers, we sought to extend our studies to additional cancer types. Here, we showed that SRC-3KO Tregs exerted a potent antitumor immunity-like effect, capable of eradicating glioblastoma, melanoma, and lung cancer in their respective syngeneic mouse models by generating an anti-tumor immune environment. These results support the translational development of SRC-3-targeted Treg modulation as a safe and effective immunotherapy platform for treatment-refractory cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48714,"journal":{"name":"Oncoimmunology","volume":"15 1","pages":"2640261"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12959200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning based on CD3 histological slides for prediction of colon cancer outcome: analysis of three international stage III colon cancer cohorts.","authors":"Julie Lécuelle, Caroline Truntzer, Debora Basile, Luigi Laghi, Luana Greco, Alis Ilie, David Rageot, Titouan Huppé, Jean-François Emile, Fréderic Bibeau, Julien Taïeb, Valentin Derangère, Come Lepage, François Ghiringhelli","doi":"10.1080/2162402X.2026.2668797","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2162402X.2026.2668797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prognostic stratification in stage III colon cancer remains poor, despite treatment advances. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly CD3+ T cells, are potential prognostic markers, but manual assessment is labor-intensive and not robust. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model for automated analysis of CD3-stained histological slides to improve prognostic prediction. A total of 1737 patients from three international cohorts (PETACC08, PRODIGE-13, and HARMONY) were analyzed. The deep learning model (VGG19) identified tumor core (TC) and invasive margin (IM) regions on CD3-stained slides. Features from VGG19 and UNI models were used to cluster patients using hierarchical classification. Prognostic performance was evaluated using disease-free survival (DFS) across training, internal validation, and external validation sets. Deep learning classifiers identified distinct patient clusters with significantly different DFS based on TC and IM. For both IM and TC analysis, patients in the favorable group had a better DFS in all sets (IM: <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.02; TC: <i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.12, respectively). Combining classifiers enhanced prognostic accuracy in all sets (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.06, respectively). The model outperformed traditional clinical variables and CD3 enumeration, which demonstrated variability across cohorts. Automated deep learning analysis of CD3-stained slides enables robust and reproducible prognostic stratification in stage III colon cancer, independently of staining and scanning variations. This approach holds promise for guiding personalized treatment strategies.<b>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers:</b> NCT00265811, NCT00995202.</p>","PeriodicalId":48714,"journal":{"name":"Oncoimmunology","volume":"15 1","pages":"2668797"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13166210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching empathy in Balint groups.","authors":"Mirjana Stojanović-Tasić, Milan Latas, Emilija Novaković, Marija Milić, Mirjana Virijević, Kristina Rakić, Nenad Milošević, Jovana Milošević, Jelena Aritonović Pribaković, Suzana Adžić, Romana Petrović, Milica Popović Radovanović, Mary Vukša, Danijela Ilić, Milica Bogdanović, Biljana Trajković, Andrija Milović","doi":"10.1080/19932820.2026.2651993","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19932820.2026.2651993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to examine whether participation in Balint groups is associated with higher levels of empathy among physicians. This study was carried out with a sample of 210 physicians working in primary health centers in Belgrade. Among them, 70 doctors had completed Balint training lasting at least one year, while the remaining 140 doctors had never participated in such training (the non-Balint group). Empathy levels among doctors were assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), an evaluation scale developed by Davis that consists of four subscales: perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress. We found that physicians who completed Balint training had significantly higher scores on the perspective taking, fantasy, and empathic concern subscales compared to those who did not complete the training (<i>p </i>< 0.001). Regarding the personal distress subscale, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of physicians (<i>p</i>= 0.530). In the multivariate logistic regression models, participation in the Balint group emerged as the only significant predictor for the perspective taking and empathic concern subscales (<i>p </i>< 0.001), while for the fantasy subscale, both participation in the Balint group and being a medical specialist were identified as significant predictors. Participation in Balint groups is significantly associated with higher levels of empathy among physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":49910,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Journal of Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"2651993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing acute tympanic temperature changes during cold water exposure.","authors":"Anna Karafová, Marian Karafa, Bartłomiej Kopciński, Jakub Kortas, Federica Verme, Paolo Capodaglio","doi":"10.1080/22423982.2026.2680803","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22423982.2026.2680803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to ice water, despite its growing popularity and documented health benefits, is limited by the risk of distressing physiological reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between individual, environmental factors and acute tympanic temperature changes during cold exposure. A total of 90 individuals either practicing cold water immersion (CWI) or winter swimming (WS) were enrolled in the study. They were divided into 4 subgroups according to the distance swum (200 m or 450 m) and immersion time (5 or 9 min). The tympanic temperature of all participants was measured, and BMI was calculated. This study found significant pre-post exposure changes in temperature [°C] (p>0.05) in all the subgroups, except for the group immersed for 5 min. In winter swimmers, a significant negative correlation between BMI and tympanic membrane temperature was found p = 0.006) for both females and males. The greatest change in tympanic temperature occurred in participants with 3 years of experience in practicing those activities. A five-minute immersion in water below 1°C did not allow for the observation of a significant body response to ice water. The results indicate that a higher BMI was associated with a smaller decrease in tympanic membrane temperature in the winter swimming subgroup.</p>","PeriodicalId":13930,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circumpolar Health","volume":"85 1","pages":"2680803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13220579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-ligand-modified cantharidin nanoparticles for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma via the inhibition of Ephb4.","authors":"Wanting Jiang, Hao Zheng, Shengmei Wang, Rubing Xu, Xi Chen, Jing Yang, Xinhua Xia","doi":"10.1080/10717544.2026.2682976","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10717544.2026.2682976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, yet conventional chemotherapy is limited by poor tumor specificity and severe toxicity. Cantharidin (CTD), a natural antitumor agent, is hindered by nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to construct a dual-ligand-modified CTD-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (GA-FA-CSLNs) using 18-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) for hepatocyte targeting and folate-PEG3500-DSPE (FA) for long circulation, and to evaluate its antitumor efficacy, mechanism, and safety. GA-FA-CSLNs were prepared by emulsification-ultrasonication and optimized via Box-Behnken design. The nanoparticles were characterized. In vitro antitumor activity was assessed in Huh-7 cells using CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. In vivo efficacy and safety were evaluated in Huh-7 tumor-bearing nude mice, and pharmacokinetics in SD rats. GA-FA-CSLNs exhibited favorable physicochemical properties. In vitro studies showed enhanced cellular uptake, the lowest IC₅₀, and 43.2% apoptosis in Huh-7 cells. Mechanistically, GA-FA-CSLNs downregulated Eph receptor B4(EphB4) and Bcl-2, while upregulating caspase-3 and Bax. In vivo, the tumor inhibition rate reached 58.67%, superior to free CTD and sorafenib, with 100% 14-day survival and no significant abnormalities in serum biochemistry or histopathology. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed prolonged elimination half-life (2.54 h) and a 3.2-fold increase in area under the blood concentration-time curve versus unmodified CSLNs. GA-FA-CSLNs represent a promising actively targeted nanoplatform that enhances CTD antitumor efficacy against HCC via EphB4 pathway inhibition while reducing systemic toxicity, offering a potential strategy for targeted HCC therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11679,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery","volume":"33 1","pages":"2682976"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13244520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}