医学最新文献

{"title":"Letter from the Editor-in-Chief.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00271","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroserpin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing ischemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress.","authors":"Yumei Liao, Qinghua Zhang, Qiaoyun Shi, Peng Liu, Peiyun Zhong, Lingling Guo, Zijian Huang, Yinghui Peng, Wei Liu, Shiqing Zhang, István Adorján, Yumi Fukuzaki, Eri Kawashita, Xiao-Qi Zhang, Nan Ma, Xiaoshen Zhang, Zoltán Molnár, Lei Shi","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00044","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202601000-00037/figure1/v/2025-06-09T151831Z/r/image-tiff Neuroserpin, a secreted protein that belongs to the serpin superfamily of serine protease inhibitors, is highly expressed in the central nervous system and plays multiple roles in brain development and pathology. As a natural inhibitor of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, neuroserpin inhibits the increased activity of tissue plasminogen activator in ischemic conditions and extends the therapeutic windows of tissue plasminogen activator for brain ischemia. However, the neuroprotective mechanism of neuroserpin against ischemic stroke remains unclear. In this study, we used a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-injured cortical neurons as in vivo and in vitro ischemia-reperfusion models, respectively. The models were used to investigate the neuroprotective effects of neuroserpin. Our findings revealed that endoplasmic reticulum stress was promptly triggered following ischemia, initially manifesting as the acute activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress transmembrane sensors and the suppression of protein synthesis, which was followed by a later apoptotic response. Notably, ischemic stroke markedly downregulated the expression of neuroserpin in cortical neurons. Exogenous neuroserpin reversed the activation of multiple endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling molecules, the reduction in protein synthesis, and the upregulation of apoptotic transcription factors. This led to a reduction in neuronal death induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation and reperfusion, as well as decreased cerebral infarction and neurological dysfunction in mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, the neuroprotective effects of neuroserpin were markedly inhibited by endoplasmic reticulum stress activators thapsigargin and tunicamycin. Our findings demonstrate that neuroserpin exerts neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"333-345"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic exercise-induced myokine irisin release: A novel strategy to promote neuroprotection and improve cognitive function.","authors":"Jae-Won Choi, Rengasamy Balakrishnan","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01034","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"306-307"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reprogramming induced neurons from olfactory ensheathing glial cells: A feasible approach for spinal cord injury repair.","authors":"Javier Sierra, María Portela-Lomba, Diana Simón, M Teresa Moreno-Flores","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01043","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"296-297"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha-synuclein-induced upregulation of SKI family transcriptional corepressor 1: A new player in aging and Parkinson's disease?","authors":"Lauren Barrett, Rebekah Bevans, Aideen M Sullivan, Louise M Collins, Gerard W O'Keeffe","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01156","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"320-321"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P2X7 receptors and multiple sclerosis: A potential biomarker and therapeutic target?","authors":"Cristina Agliardi, Franca Rosa Guerini, Mario Clerici","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01115","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"318-319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilepsy therapy beyond neurons: Unveiling astrocytes as cellular targets.","authors":"Yuncan Chen, Jiayi Hu, Ying Zhang, Lulu Peng, Xiaoyu Li, Cong Li, Xunyi Wu, Cong Wang","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01035","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. However, despite the availability of more than 20 antiseizure medications, more than one-third of patients continue to experience seizures. Given the urgent need to explore new treatment strategies for epilepsy, recent research has highlighted the potential of targeting gliosis, metabolic disturbances, and neural circuit abnormalities as therapeutic strategies. Astrocytes, the largest group of nonneuronal cells in the central nervous system, play several crucial roles in maintaining ionic and energy metabolic homeostasis in neurons, regulating neurotransmitter levels, and modulating synaptic plasticity. This article briefly reviews the critical role of astrocytes in maintaining balance within the central nervous system. Building on previous research, we discuss how astrocyte dysfunction contributes to the onset and progression of epilepsy through four key aspects: the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling, dysregulation of metabolic homeostasis in the neuronal microenvironment, neuroinflammation, and the formation of abnormal neural circuits. We summarize relevant basic research conducted over the past 5 years that has focused on modulating astrocytes as a therapeutic approach for epilepsy. We categorize the therapeutic targets proposed by these studies into four areas: restoration of the excitation-inhibition balance, reestablishment of metabolic homeostasis, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, and reconstruction of abnormal neural circuits. These targets correspond to the pathophysiological mechanisms by which astrocytes contribute to epilepsy. Additionally, we need to consider the potential challenges and limitations of translating these identified therapeutic targets into clinical treatments. These limitations arise from interspecies differences between humans and animal models, as well as the complex comorbidities associated with epilepsy in humans. We also highlight valuable future research directions worth exploring in the treatment of epilepsy and the regulation of astrocytes, such as gene therapy and imaging strategies. The findings presented in this review may help open new therapeutic avenues for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and for those suffering from other central nervous system disorders associated with astrocytic dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"23-38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual effects of GABA A R agonist anesthetics in neurodevelopment and vulnerable brains: From neurotoxic to therapeutic effects.","authors":"Dihan Lu, Wen Zhang, Keyu Chen, Xia Feng","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00828","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Debates regarding the specific effects of general anesthesia on developing brains have persisted for over 30 years. A consensus has been reached that prolonged, repeated, high-dose exposure to anesthetics is associated with a higher incidence of deficits in behavior and executive function, while single exposure has a relatively minor effect on long-term neurological function. In this review, we summarize the dose-dependent neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonists, a representative group of sedatives, on developing brains or central nervous system diseases. Most preclinical research indicates that anesthetics have neurotoxic effects on the developing brain through various signal pathways. However, recent studies on low-dose anesthetics suggest that they may promote neurodevelopment during this critical period. These findings are incomprehensible for the general \"dose-effect\" principles of pharmacological research, which has attracted researchers' interest and led to the following questions: What is the threshold for the dual effects exerted by anesthetics such as propofol and sevoflurane on the developing brain? To what extent can their protective effects be maximized? What are the underlying mechanisms involved in these effects? Consequently, this issue has essentially become a \"mathematical problem.\" After summarizing the dose-dependent effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonist sedatives in both the developing brain and the brains of patients with central nervous system diseases, we believe that all such anesthetics exhibit specific threshold effects unique to each drug. These effects range from neuroprotection to neurotoxicity, depending on different brain functional states. However, the exact values of the specific thresholds for different drugs in various brain states, as well as the underlying mechanisms explaining why these thresholds exist, remain unclear. Further in-depth exploration of these issues could significantly enhance the therapeutic translational value of these anesthetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microglia and macrophages in brain injury and repair after subarachnoid hemorrhage.","authors":"David C Lauzier, Harry V Vinters, Shino D Magaki","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01037","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"308-309"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current understanding and prospects for targeting neurogenesis in the treatment of cognitive impairment.","authors":"Ye Liu, Xibing Ding, Shushan Jia, Xiyao Gu","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00802","DOIUrl":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00802","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to memory formation in the adult brain, with new neurons in the hippocampus exhibiting greater plasticity during their immature stages compared to mature neurons. Abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis is closely associated with cognitive impairment in central nervous system diseases. Targeting and regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been shown to improve cognitive deficits. This review aims to expand the current understanding and prospects of targeting neurogenesis in the treatment of cognitive impairment. Recent research indicates the presence of abnormalities in AHN in several diseases associated with cognitive impairment, including cerebrovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, aging-related conditions, and issues related to anesthesia and surgery. The role of these abnormalities in the cognitive deficits caused by these diseases has been widely recognized, and targeting AHN is considered a promising approach for treating cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms of this role are not yet fully understood, and the effectiveness of targeting abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis for treatment remains limited, with a need for further development of treatment methods and detection techniques. By reviewing recent studies, we classify the potential mechanisms of adult hippocampal neurogenesis abnormalities into four categories: immunity, energy metabolism, aging, and pathological states. In immunity-related mechanisms, abnormalities in meningeal, brain, and peripheral immunity can disrupt normal adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function disorders are significant energy metabolism factors that lead to abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis. During aging, the inflammatory state of the neurogenic niche and the expression of aging-related microRNAs contribute to reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in older adult patients. Pathological states of the body and emotional disorders may also result in abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Among the current strategies used to enhance this form of neurogenesis, physical therapies such as exercise, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and enriched environments have proven effective. Dietary interventions, including energy intake restriction and nutrient optimization, have shown efficacy in both basic research and clinical trials. However, drug treatments, such as antidepressants and stem cell therapy, are primarily reported in basic research, with limited clinical application. The relationship between abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment has garnered widespread attention, and targeting the former may be an important strategy for treating the latter. However, the mechanisms underlying abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis remain unclear, and treatments are lacking. This highlights the need for greater focus on translating research find","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"141-155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}