Debbie Xiu En Lim, Shi Yun Yeo, Zhen You Ashley Chia, Aaron Zefrin Fernandis, Jimmy Lee, John Jia En Chua
{"title":"Schizophrenia: Genetics, neurological mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.","authors":"Debbie Xiu En Lim, Shi Yun Yeo, Zhen You Ashley Chia, Aaron Zefrin Fernandis, Jimmy Lee, John Jia En Chua","doi":"10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01375","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms, leading to mood disturbances, cognitive impairments, and social withdrawal. While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone of treatment, they often fail to fully address certain symptoms. Additionally, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, affecting 30%-40% of patients, remains a substantial clinical challenge. Positive, negative symptoms and cognitive impairments have been linked to disruptions in the glutamatergic, serotonin, GABAergic, and muscarinic pathways in the brain. Recent advances using genome-wide association study and other approaches have uncovered a significant number of new schizophrenia risk genes that uncovered new, and reinforced prior, concepts on the genetic and neurological underpinnings of schizophrenia, including abnormalities in synaptic function, immune processes, and lipid metabolism. Concurrently, new therapeutics targeting different modalities, which are expected to address some of the limitations of anti-psychotic drugs currently being offered to patients, are currently being evaluated. Collectively, these efforts provide new momentum for the next phase of schizophrenia research and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19113,"journal":{"name":"Neural Regeneration Research","volume":" ","pages":"1089-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Neural Regeneration Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01375","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/5/6 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms, leading to mood disturbances, cognitive impairments, and social withdrawal. While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone of treatment, they often fail to fully address certain symptoms. Additionally, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, affecting 30%-40% of patients, remains a substantial clinical challenge. Positive, negative symptoms and cognitive impairments have been linked to disruptions in the glutamatergic, serotonin, GABAergic, and muscarinic pathways in the brain. Recent advances using genome-wide association study and other approaches have uncovered a significant number of new schizophrenia risk genes that uncovered new, and reinforced prior, concepts on the genetic and neurological underpinnings of schizophrenia, including abnormalities in synaptic function, immune processes, and lipid metabolism. Concurrently, new therapeutics targeting different modalities, which are expected to address some of the limitations of anti-psychotic drugs currently being offered to patients, are currently being evaluated. Collectively, these efforts provide new momentum for the next phase of schizophrenia research and treatment.
期刊介绍:
Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is the Open Access journal specializing in neural regeneration and indexed by SCI-E and PubMed. The journal is committed to publishing articles on basic pathobiology of injury, repair and protection to the nervous system, while considering preclinical and clinical trials targeted at improving traumatically injuried patients and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.