农林科学最新文献

{"title":"Age of challenge is important in <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis studies in pullets and hens: a systematic review.","authors":"Wing Y J Yue, Peter J Groves","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2410873","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2410873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nontyphoidal serovars of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp <i>enterica</i> frequently colonize the intestinal tracts of chickens, creating risks of contamination of meat and egg food products. These serovars seldom cause disease in chickens over 3 weeks of age. Colonization is generally transient but can continue to circulate in a flock for many months. Vaccination of breeders and layers is the most effective method of control of infections with serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium, and the development of these vaccines or other preventative treatments requires challenge studies to demonstrate efficacy. However, establishing a successful challenge model where the control birds are colonized to a sufficient extent to be able to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction from the vaccine or treatment is problematic. A meta-analysis of published <i>S</i>. Enteritidis challenge studies was performed to pursue the best challenge model conditions that provide consistent control colonization outcomes. Challenge at sexual maturity was significantly more effective in achieving at least 80% colonization of control hens.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b><i>Salmonella</i> challenge chicken models do not always achieve high colonization levels in controls.The age of hen is important in achieving good caecal colonization.Challenge around sexual maturity provides the best control colonization outcome.A challenge dose rate of 10⁵ CFU/ bird is adequate in birds under 30 weeks of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"159-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of chicken TRIM45 and its role as a negative regulator of ALV-J replication <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Jiaxing Wang, Qiangzhou Wang, Yuyu Ping, Xuan Huang, Ting Yang, Yulin Bi, Guobin Chang, Shihao Chen","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2419039","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2419039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an alpharetrovirus that infects chickens, causing immunosuppression and a decrease in production performance, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. ALV-J is also well-known for its oncogenic properties, inducing tumours such as myelomas and haemangiomas in infected chickens. TRIM45 has been identified as a potential tumour suppressor; however, the relationship between TRIM45 expression and ALV-J infection remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to dissect the molecular characteristics of the chicken TRIM45 gene and its modulation during ALV-J infection, as well as its influence on viral replication. We found that the chicken TRIM45 RING domain is significantly different from that of humans and other mammals. TRIM45 is expressed in all chicken tissues, with the highest levels in the heart. Subcellular localization studies indicated a cytoplasmic distribution of TRIM45, forming aggregates within cells. Our findings demonstrate that ALV-J infection significantly upregulates TRIM45 expression in DF-1 cells. To assess the functional role of TRIM45 in ALV-J replication, we employed both gene silencing and overexpression strategies. Strikingly, the overexpression of TRIM45, including a mutant lacking the RING domain, was found to markedly suppress ALV-J replication. In contrast, TRIM45 knockdown via siRNA resulted in an enhanced viral replication, highlighting the importance of TRIM45 limiting ALV-J replication. Mechanistically, overexpression of TRIM45 induces apoptosis in infected cells, independent of its RING domain function. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that chicken TRIM45 acts as a negative regulator of ALV-J replication <i>in vitro</i> by promoting apoptosis in infected cells.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b>Chicken TRIM45 RING domain and protein localization significantly differ from humans.TRIM45 negatively regulates ALV-J replication <i>in vitro</i>.TRIM45 inhibits ALV-J replication by inducing apoptosis in infected cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"255-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel goose parvovirus in naturally infected ducks suffering from locomotor disorders: molecular detection, histopathological examination, immunohistochemical signals, and full genome sequencing.","authors":"Mohamed A Lebdah, Amal A M Eid, Reham M ElBakrey, Abd Elgalil El-Gohary, Mohamed R Mousa, Hagar F Gouda, Ahmed F Gad, Sarah S Helal, Mohamed G Seadawy","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2419038","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2419038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we investigated the pathological effects of novel goose parvovirus (NGPV) infection on the skeletal muscle, brain, and intestine of naturally affected ducks suffering from locomotor dysfunction as a new approach for a deeper understanding of this clinical form. For this purpose, a total of 97 diseased ducks, representing 24 flocks of different duck breeds (14-75 days old), were clinically examined. In total, 72 tissue pools of intestine, brain, and skeletal muscle samples were submitted for molecular identification. Typical clinical signs among the examined ducks suggested parvovirus infection. Regarding <i>postmortem</i> examination, all examined ducks showed muscle emaciation (100%) either accompanied by congestion (34%) or paleness (66%). Slight congestion, either in the brain (82.5%) or intestine (75.25%), was predominantly detected. Based on molecular identification, the intestine had the highest percentage of positive detection (91.7%), followed by the skeletal muscle (70.8%), and the brain (20.8%). The main histopathological alterations were myofibre atrophy and degeneration, marked enteritis accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa, while the affected brains showed vasculitis, diffuse gliosis, and Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellum. Next-generation sequencing further confirmed the presence of a variant strain of goose parvovirus (vGPV) that is globally known as NGPV and closely related to Chinese NGPV isolates. Using immunohistochemistry, the NGPV antigen was positively detected in the muscle fibres, enterocytes, and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. These findings provided proof of the involvement of virus replication in the locomotor disorders linked to NGPV infection in ducks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"241-254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOHAZ scientific opinion on the equivalence of an alternative heat treatment process of feathers and down","authors":"EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ),&nbsp;Ana Allende,&nbsp;Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez,&nbsp;Valeria Bortolaia,&nbsp;Sara Bover-Cid,&nbsp;Wietske Dohmen,&nbsp;Laurent Guillier,&nbsp;Lieve Herman,&nbsp;Liesbeth Jacxsens,&nbsp;Lapo Mughini-Gras,&nbsp;Maarten Nauta,&nbsp;Jakob Ottoson,&nbsp;Luisa Peixe,&nbsp;Fernando Perez-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Panagiotis Skandamis,&nbsp;Elisabetta Suffredini,&nbsp;John Griffin,&nbsp;Pablo Fernández Escámez,&nbsp;Carolina Baptista,&nbsp;Sandra Correia,&nbsp;Alessandra De Cesare","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The European Commission requested EFSA to provide a scientific opinion on the equivalence between the heat treatment process of feathers and down with dry heat to a temperature of 100°C for 30 min and the treatment set up in Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011, in terms of inactivation of relevant pathogens. To be considered at least equivalent to the methods in the legislation, the alternative method should be able to reduce the concentration of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> or <i>Salmonella</i> Senftenberg by at least 5 log₁₀ and the infectious titre of <i>Anelloviridae</i> and <i>Circoviridae</i> by at least 3 log₁₀. An extensive literature search (ELS) was conducted to identify studies in which the log₁₀ reduction or the D value of the indicators were determined after dry heating in matrices with low moisture/water activity. The ELS did not provide any study on the inactivation of <i>E. faecalis</i> by dry heating. For <i>S</i>. Senftenberg, there was no clear data demonstrating a 5 log₁₀ reduction. For <i>Anelloviridae</i> and <i>Circoviridae</i> there was limited evidence and only one study reported 1 log₁₀ reduction after 30 min at 120°C. Given the available data and sources of uncertainty, it is not possible to conclude on a 5 log₁₀ reduction of <i>E. faecalis</i> using the proposed method due to lack of evidence. Similarly, a comparable reduction of <i>S.</i> Senftenberg cannot be concluded due to conflicting evidence. For <i>Anelloviridae</i> and <i>Circoviridae,</i> it was not possible to conclude that a 3 log₁₀ reduction is achieved with the proposed method, as only one study on dry heat was retrieved, which did not demonstrate such a reduction. Therefore, based on data available to date, applying dry heat to feathers and down at 100°C for 30 min cannot be considered equivalent to the treatment specified in the Regulation, in terms of inactivation of relevant pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information: Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 5'25","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":"69 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mnfr.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the Ingredient Basket in Aquaculture: Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Australian Hybrid Abalone (Haliotis laevigata × H. rubra) Fed Methanotrophic Single Cell Protein","authors":"Michael J. Salini,&nbsp;Weifang Wang,&nbsp;Thomas S. Mock,&nbsp;Muhammad A. B. Siddik,&nbsp;Matthew K. Jago,&nbsp;Kelsey L. F. Bews,&nbsp;David S. Francis","doi":"10.1155/anu/7291857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/anu/7291857","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>There is growing interest in the use of single cell proteins (SCPs) derived from methanotrophic bacteria for inclusion in aquafeed to reduce reliance on other, potentially less sustainable proteins. This two-part experiment aimed to investigate first (i) the dose effect of replacing soy protein concentrate with SCP in Australian hybrid abalone diets (<i>Haliotis laevigata Haliotis rubra</i>) and second, (ii) the potential for improved palatability of the SCP by using commercially produced liquid protein hydrolysate (PH). This was assessed in a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design. The diets were formulated to be iso-proteic (~40% crude protein as fed) and iso-energetic (~18 MJ kg⁻¹ as fed). The diets (SCP 0%, SCP 5%, SCP 10%, SCP 20%, SCP 0% + PH, and SCP 20% + PH) were fed to the abalone (~9.25 g initial weight) once daily in the evening for 94 days to apparent satiation. The growth performance and feed utilization of abalone fed with up to 10% SCP was comparable to the control; however, there was a significant reduction in most parameters at the highest inclusion of 20%. In the second experiment, there was a decline in measured protein and energy retention in the abalone fed 20% SCP, with a concomitantly lower apparent biological value. Positively, there were significant improvements in the apparent digestibility of the diet at the 20% SCP inclusion. There was no significant impact of using the PH on growth performance or feed intake. No effects were observed on the digestive enzyme activity (<i>α</i>-amylase, lipase, and trypsin) examined among the treatments. Considering these results collectively, the maximum recommended inclusion of methanotrophic SCP meal should be 10% for hybrid abalone. Reasons for the decline in performance at the highest inclusion may be related to palatability; however, this remains to be fully confirmed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/anu/7291857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific note updating allelic nomenclature standards of the highly diverse complementary sex-determiner locus in honey bees","authors":"Kate E. Ihle,&nbsp;Alexandria N. Payne,&nbsp;Christine G. Elsik,&nbsp;Lelania Bilodeau","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01161-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01161-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Honey bees rely on haplodiploidy for sex determination. Here, diploid eggs develop into females (i.e., queens and workers) and haploid eggs develop into males (i.e., drones). This system is regulated by <i>complementary sex-determiner</i> (<i>csd</i>)—a single, multi-allelic locus with very high diversity. Honey bees heterozygous at the <i>csd</i> locus will develop into females, while hemizygosity results in normal male development. Homozygosity at <i>csd</i> results in abnormal diploid males. Diploid males are usually destroyed by the workers early in development which can negatively impact the colony population, growth, and productivity. As such, maintaining genetic diversity at <i>csd</i> is critical for the health and productivity of honey bee populations. This is reflected in the increasing number of studies examining <i>csd</i> diversity in local and global populations. However, many <i>csd</i> alleles appear in multiple studies and have been assigned several different names, complicating cross-study comparisons. In 2020, we developed a standardized nomenclature for the hypervariable region (HVR) of honey bee <i>csd</i> alleles to facilitate a better understanding of <i>csd</i> diversity within and between populations. Here, we present an updated database including all <i>csd</i> sequences deposited into GenBank since our last publication. In only the last 4 years, 370 new <i>csd</i> sequences were deposited, including 154 novel HVR sequences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BiLSTM-SAGCN: A hybrid model of BiLSTM with a semiadaptation graph convolutional network for agricultural machinery trajectory operation mode identification","authors":"Weixin Zhai ,&nbsp;Yucan Wu ,&nbsp;Jinming Liu ,&nbsp;Jiawen Pan ,&nbsp;Caicong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2025.110193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compag.2025.110193","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Agricultural machinery trajectory operation mode identification is an important task in the analysis of agricultural machinery trajectory data, and its main objective is to classify the massive amount of data generated by agricultural machinery into different categories according to their operation modes. However, factors such as regional topography, weather and operational tasks affect position changes in trajectories; therefore, the spatial features of trajectories are complicated, which poses a great challenge to identifying agricultural machinery trajectory operation modes. The existing methods fail to fully mine the relationships among different ranges in the trajectory data space and do not consider the identification bias problem caused by the imbalanced distribution of agricultural machinery trajectories. To overcome the above shortcomings, we propose a hybrid model of BiLSTM with a semiadaptation graph convolutional network (BiLSTM-SAGCN) for agricultural machinery trajectory operation mode identification. First, to enrich the representation of trajectories, we propose a statistical-based feature enhancement module to mine the spatiotemporal feature information embedded in trajectories, which further enhances the performance of the model. Second, we develop a tailored hybrid network, which contains two key computations: one is to provide a low-cost topology learning method for the graph of agricultural machinery trajectories; we propose a semiadaptation graph convolutional network (SAGCN), which autonomously learns the weights of the edge relationships between nodes by constructing a masked graph structure through a self-attention mechanism and a spatiotemporal graph of agricultural machinery trajectories; and the other is to combine SAGCN with BiLSTM to form a hybrid network, in which SAGCN can interact between trajectory points to capture the dependencies between points, while BiLSTM is used to extract feature correlations along feature dimensions within a single trajectory point. Finally, to eliminate the identification bias problem caused by the imbalanced distribution of agricultural machinery trajectories, we develop a lightweight data balancing module, which adopts the focal loss function to guide the model to pay more attention to points that are difficult to classify during the training process, thereby effectively improving training efficiency. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we conducted experiments on 120 real agricultural machinery trajectory samples provided by the Key Laboratory of Agricultural Machinery Monitoring and Big Data Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, with a total of 2,493,154 trajectory points, and compared our results with those of existing advanced agricultural machinery trajectory operation mode identification methods. The results revealed that the F1 score of BiLSTM-SAGCN reached 89.35% and 89.24% on the paddy and wheat harvester trajectory datasets, respect","PeriodicalId":50627,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 110193"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cultivation on soil carbon and nitrogen along an altitudinal gradient in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Haojing Lei ,&nbsp;Fengzi Li ,&nbsp;Xu-Ri ,&nbsp;Songbo QU ,&nbsp;Ribu Shama ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Eryuan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of cultivation on the Tibetan Plateau at high altitudes remain uncertain. To answer these questions, this study to compare the differences in soil total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) between farmland and adjacent forests was conducted at 755–1850 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in Medog, southeast of the Tibetan Plateau, using an altitude gradient sampling strategy. 14 farmland-forest pairs were used for comparison. Cultivation caused significant soil TC and TN changes when comparing forests and farmlands. More than half of the farmland-forest pairs soil TC and TN content exhibited decreasing trends. The soil at 0–10 cm was the most susceptible to cultivation, where soil TC decreased by 1.10 kg/m² (about 21 %), and TN decreased by 0.07 kg/m² (about 19 %). With increasing altitude, lower soil temperatures were more favorable for soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation in both forests and farmland. Soil water content was a key factor in determining the accumulation or consumption of carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soils, with a threshold of 40 %. Beyond this value, agricultural soils tended to accumulate TC and TN rather than consume them. Furthermore, the use of organic fertilizers was beneficial for maintaining soil fertility. Soil TC and TN increased by up to 5.57 kg C/m² and 0.33 kg N/m² in 0–10 cm soil after using organic fertilizers. However, overutilization of the soil eventually caused a dramatic loss of soil carbon (up to 19.39 kg C/m² TC) and nitrogen (1.21 kg N/m² TN) in the 0–30 cm soil, resulting in abandoned land. In addition to field experiments, this study also reviewed the status of agricultural cultivation on the Tibetan Plateau since 2000 using data from 79 farmland observations. The results showed that most regions within an altitude range of 2745–4088 m (a.s.l.) experienced significant soil carbon and nitrogen losses. That led to decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) at 1.5 Tg C/year, while soil TN increased at 0.03 Tg N/year after 2000. Therefore, cultivation on the Tibetan Plateau must receive adequate attention for the sustainable development of plateau agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 122577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Cereal Crop Type on Reducing Emission Intensity With Biochar Application in Monsoon Asia","authors":"Shengji Yan,&nbsp;Karrym Alvin Forsyth,&nbsp;Daniel Revillini,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Cui,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhan,&nbsp;Zhenwei Song,&nbsp;Ziyin Shang,&nbsp;Weijian Zhang","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar amendments can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils while helping to maintain food security. However, whether the effect of biochar application on emission intensity (EI) of non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions (including methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O)), per unit of crop caloric content, varies for different crops and its driving mechanism remains unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of EI changes (ΔEI) with biochar application for three major cereal crops: rice, wheat, and maize, based on 202 observations from 41 research publications from Monsoon Asia. Our results showed that biochar application reduced the EI for all three crops by an average of −14.6 kg CO₂ eq M cal⁻¹, with the greatest reduction in ΔEI for rice (−28.9 kg CO₂ equation M cal⁻¹). Biochar application-induced reduction in CH₄ emissions (−0.4 Mg CO₂ eq ha⁻¹) was the main contributor to ΔEI for rice, which was greater than those for upland crops: maize and wheat (−0.1 Mg CO₂ eq ha⁻¹ and 0.3 Mg CO₂ eq ha⁻¹, respectively). Crop type directly affected ΔEI after biochar application. Additionally, crop type indirectly influenced ΔEI by associating with soil organic carbon and clay contents for N₂O emission and CH₄ emission, respectively. This study highlights that biochar application to soil reduces EI across the globally important agricultural region, and these reductions were most pronounced for rice compared to wheat and maize. Our study provides a better understanding of the effects of biochar on GHG emissions for three important crops and can facilitate the development of new strategies for agricultural GHG mitigation while maintaining food security for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}