Veterinary QuarterlyPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2025.2514753
Giovanna Fusco, Alessandro Bellato, Lorena Cardillo, Agata Campione, Michela Di Roberto, Anna Cerrone, Francesca Bove, Roberta Pellicanò, Maria Ottaiano, Marco Esposito, Antonio Limone, Anna Rita Attili, Esterina De Carlo
{"title":"Large-scale evaluation of bacteriological-based method and qPCR performance for Brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using Bayesian latent class analysis.","authors":"Giovanna Fusco, Alessandro Bellato, Lorena Cardillo, Agata Campione, Michela Di Roberto, Anna Cerrone, Francesca Bove, Roberta Pellicanò, Maria Ottaiano, Marco Esposito, Antonio Limone, Anna Rita Attili, Esterina De Carlo","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2514753","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2514753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The performance of direct tests, such as bacteriological culture and qPCR, for the diagnosis of brucellosis has been evaluated in a limited number of studies, often based on small sample sizes. Moreover, the absence of a gold standard makes this assessment even more challenging. A potential alternative for evaluating the performance of direct tests is Bayesian latent class analysis (BLCA), which does not require prior knowledge of disease status or a gold standard. This study aimed to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of bacteriological culture for brucellosis diagnosis. In a brucellosis-endemic area, a large number of seronegative and seropositive buffaloes and cattle were tested using bacteriological culture and qPCR. BLCA was applied to estimate the performance of both tests. The median Se of bacteriological culture was estimated at 61.3%, compared to 70.9% of qPCR. The median Sp was 99.6% for bacteriological culture and 89.3% for qPCR. Bacteriological culture demonstrated a higher Positive Predictive Value (PPV) than qPCR in both buffaloes and cattle, whereas the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of the two methods did not differ significantly. These results suggest that, in settings of low brucellosis prevalence, a positive bacteriological culture has a greater predictive value than qPCR .</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animal BiotechnologyPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2025.2516688
A C Marshall, N Lopez-Villalobos, V Vigolo, M De Marchi, S M Loveday, M Weeks, W McNabb
{"title":"Candidate gene search for milk production and composition, milk coagulation properties, and milk protein profile in dairy sheep from a New Zealand flock.","authors":"A C Marshall, N Lopez-Villalobos, V Vigolo, M De Marchi, S M Loveday, M Weeks, W McNabb","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2516688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2025.2516688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to perform genome-wide association analysis and thus search for candidate genes for milk production and composition, milk coagulation properties (MCP), and milk protein profile in dairy sheep from a New Zealand flock. After quality control, 45,801 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were included in the analysis, 147 ewes, and 470 individual records. A total of 87 SNPs and 55 candidate genes were found across <i>Ovis aries</i> autosomes (OAR) 2, 3, 6, 16, 18, 20, 25, and 26. Of particular importance, were the candidate genes PDZRN4 for milk yield, and BMP2K for contents of α<sub>s1</sub>- and α<sub>s2</sub>-caseins. No SNPs were found in the casein genes, LALBA or PAEP. Only one SNP was significant for MCP, and overall, the genetic architecture of MCP was similar to that of ratio of casein to calcium, pH, lactose, and the ratio of casein to protein. Further studies with larger flocks and with genomic imputation are required to validate the findings of this study before incorporating markers or genes into breeding programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"2516688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neutralizing antibody levels as a key factor in determining the immunogenic efficacy of the novel PEDV alpha coronavirus vaccine.","authors":"Guangli Hu, Xin Luo, Jiamin Liao, Chuangchao Zou, Yihui Huang, Rui Geng, Zhiqing Zhao, Hanqin Shen, Yongchang Cao, Ouyang Peng, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2509506","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2509506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes significant global agricultural losses. Despite commercial inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, persistent outbreaks underscore the need for more effective solutions. Here, we isolated a novel Chinese PEDV variant, PEDV ShXXY2-2023, with amino acid substitutions in key neutralizing epitopes (N-terminal domain, receptor-binding domain, and CO-26K equivalent epitope) compared to vaccine strains. An inactivated ShXXY2-2023 vaccine induced higher neutralizing antibodies and superior cross-protection versus commercial vaccines. Vaccinated sows conferred enhanced protection to offspring, improving piglet survival post-challenge. Maternal serum neutralizing antibody titers correlated strongly with piglet survival; titers of 1:377-1:774 at one week prepartum yielded >80% protective efficacy. These findings emphasize neutralizing antibodies' critical role in PEDV prevention and position ShXXY2-2023 as a promising vaccine candidate, with broader implications for coronavirus vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veterinary QuarterlyPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2025.2478138
Gloeta N Massie, Louis J Backstrom, Daniel P Holland, Mandy B A Paterson, Richard A Fuller
{"title":"Methodological rigour and reporting quality of the literature on wildlife rescue, rehabilitation, and release: a global systematic review.","authors":"Gloeta N Massie, Louis J Backstrom, Daniel P Holland, Mandy B A Paterson, Richard A Fuller","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2478138","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2478138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildlife rescue, rehabilitation, and release is a global practice with a broad body of scientific literature; nonetheless, no studies have assessed and quantified the methodological rigour and reporting quality of this literature. In this PRISMA systematic review, we assessed and quantified the reporting of controls, randomisation, blinding, experimental animal data, and housing and husbandry data in 152 primary studies on wildlife rescue, rehabilitation, and release published between 1980 and 2021. We then tested for associations between reporting and study characteristics. Of the 152 reviewed studies, one study reported a control, randomisation, and blinding; 17 studies reported species, age, sex, weight, and body condition; and 14 studies reported housing size, housing location, type of food, provision of water, and provision of enrichment. No study reported all 13 of these elements. Studies published in veterinary-focused journals reported lower methodological rigour and had lower reporting quality than studies published in other types of journals. Studies on mammals had higher reporting quality than studies on birds and on reptiles, and studies that included the word \"welfare\" had higher reporting quality than studies that did not. The overall low methodological rigour and reporting quality of the literature limits study replicability and applicability and impedes meta-analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11980188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veterinary QuarterlyPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2447592
Dan Chen, Jiaming Chen, Zemin Dong, Qingyun Cao, Hui Ye, Dingyuan Feng, Changming Zhang, Jianjun Zuo, Weiwei Wang
{"title":"Supplemental glucose oxidase as an antibiotic substitute alleviates diarrhea and improves intestinal health in weaned piglets.","authors":"Dan Chen, Jiaming Chen, Zemin Dong, Qingyun Cao, Hui Ye, Dingyuan Feng, Changming Zhang, Jianjun Zuo, Weiwei Wang","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2447592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2024.2447592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is a serious issue in pig production. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of glucose oxidase (GOD) as an antibiotic substitute to alleviate diarrhea and improve gut health in weaned piglets. According to a randomized complete block design, 250 piglets weaned around 21 d of age were allocated into 5 groups (5 replicates/group), which received a basal diet without or with supplemental 200 mg/kg antibiotic, 500, 1000 and 2000 U/kg GOD, respectively. Dietary treatments did not affect (<i>p</i> > 0.05) growth performance of piglets. However, supplemental all doses of GOD were equivalent or superior to antibiotic to reduce (<i>p</i> < 0.05) diarrhea as well as increase (<i>p</i> < 0.05) thymus index, hepatic and colonic antioxidant properties. GOD addition at 1000 and 2000 U/kg reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) cecal and rectal pH value, respectively. They also displayed similar or superior efficacy to antibiotic in improving (<i>p</i> < 0.05) duodenal and jejunal morphology along with certain tight junction proteins expression of jejunum and colon. Collectively, GOD represents an antibiotic alternative to reduce diarrhea of weaned piglets through associating with ameliorations of intestinal structure and functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animal BiotechnologyPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2025.2473494
Long Cheng, R J Smits, F R Dunshea, R J Dewhurst, J J Cottrell, S S Chauhan, J Luo, H Khanaki
{"title":"The use of nitrogen isotopic fractionation as a biomarker for feed conversion efficiency in pigs using blood and hair samples.","authors":"Long Cheng, R J Smits, F R Dunshea, R J Dewhurst, J J Cottrell, S S Chauhan, J Luo, H Khanaki","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2473494","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2473494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to 1) Establish relationships between feed conversion efficiency (FCE; live weight gain/intake) and several biomarkers in pigs using blood and hair samples, and 2) Investigate the relative FCE performance of pigs from maternal vs. terminal genetic lines fed high vs. low energy diets. 80 male pigs (Large White x Landrace) were fed for 56 days. The terminal genetic line and pigs fed the high energy diet had 5% and 15% higher FCE than the maternal genetic line and pigs fed the low energy diet, respectively. Blood nitrogen isotopic fractionation (Δ<sup>15</sup>N; animal δ<sup>15</sup>N - feed δ<sup>15</sup>N) explained 34% more variation of FCE, compared with the blood insulin‑like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1). The turnover rate of δ<sup>15</sup>N in plasma was faster than δ<sup>15</sup>N in blood, suggesting that blood and plasma δ<sup>15</sup>N can predict long‑term versus short‑term FCE changes. Pigs fed the high energy diets showed 13% higher live weight gain, 16% greater high standard carcass weight, and 38% higher carcass backfat than those on low‑energy diets. In conclusion, Δ<sup>15</sup>N is a more effective FCE biomarker for pigs compared to IGF‑1. Hair samples were less predictive of FCE than blood‑derived biomarkers, suggesting further refinement in the methodology of harvesting hair samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"2473494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship between the expression levels of myogenic regulatory factor genes and carcass characteristics in Kivircik and Hungarian Merino lambs.","authors":"Korhan Arslan, Fadime Daldaban, Hulya Yalcintan, Pembe Dilara Kecici, Bekir Ozturk, Bulent Ekiz, Bilal Akyuz","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2479690","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2479690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of the myogenic regulatory genes <i>MYOD1, MYOG, MYF5, MYF6</i>, and <i>MSTN</i> in <i>longissimus dorsi muscle,</i> as well as the correlation of the expression levels of these genes with carcass characteristics and growth performance in the Kivircik and Hungarian Merino sheep breeds. The expression levels of the <i>MYF5, MYF6,</i> and <i>MYOG</i> genes were found to be significantly correlated with the rib proportion, the expression level of the <i>MYOG</i> gene was identified as being the main determinant of variations in the rib proportion in the Kivircik lambs. The regression analysis results revealed that the expression levels of the <i>MYF5</i> and <i>MSTN</i> genes played an essential role in determining the cold carcass dressing percentage in Hungarian Merino lambs. Further, as a result of the regression analysis, the model including the expression level of the <i>MYF6</i> gene demonstrated that this gene could be responsible for 36.4% of the differences observed in cold carcass weight. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that the expression levels of the <i>MYF5, MYF6,</i> and <i>MYOG</i> genes were associated with various carcass traits, particularly in the Kivircik breed, and these genes hold potential as markers for enhancing breed productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"2479690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veterinary QuarterlyPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-04-21DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2025.2488025
Hsu Po Po Aung, Tawewan Issarankura Na Ayudhaya, Kridsada Chaichoun, Jarupha Taowan, Aeknarin Saechin, Supakit Buamas, Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr
{"title":"PCR testing of conjunctival swabs to detect feline leukaemia virus in domestic cats in Thailand.","authors":"Hsu Po Po Aung, Tawewan Issarankura Na Ayudhaya, Kridsada Chaichoun, Jarupha Taowan, Aeknarin Saechin, Supakit Buamas, Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2488025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2025.2488025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to classify the Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection outcomes in domestic cats in Thailand and determine the accuracy of conjunctival swabs for FeLV proviral DNA detection by comparing results to PCR testing of blood samples. Whole blood and conjunctival swabs were collected from 126 cats with and without clinical signs. Blood specimens were evaluated for p27 FeLV antigen using the SNAP Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)/FeLV Combo Test, IDEXX Laboratories. The 3'-LTR region of the proviral FeLV was amplified from both blood and conjunctival samples. The prevalence rates of progressive and regressive FeLV infections in this study were 14.3% (95% CI: 8.69-21.63) and 36.5% (95% CI: 28.12-45.55), respectively. Cats older than 12 months of age had a higher probability of being regressively infected than cats younger than 1 year (<i>p</i>-value = 0.039, OR =0.294, 95% CI: 0.092-0.942). Conjunctival swabs used for detecting FeLV proviral DNA demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.3% (95% CI: 86.91-99.02) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 94.22-100.00) compared to conventional blood samples. The observed kappa value of 0.956 indicates that conjunctival swabs are reliable and can be used as an alternative to blood venipuncture.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animal BiotechnologyPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2025.2486029
Farida Tahir, Umer Sadique, Farkhanda Tahir, Mikhlid H Almutairi, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Shabana Naz, Rifat Ullah Khan, Naseer Khan Momand, Marco Ragni
{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of bovine leukemia virus in cattle and phylogenetic analysis for determining its prevailing genotype in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan.","authors":"Farida Tahir, Umer Sadique, Farkhanda Tahir, Mikhlid H Almutairi, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Shabana Naz, Rifat Ullah Khan, Naseer Khan Momand, Marco Ragni","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2486029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2025.2486029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research focused on assessing the molecular prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in different cattle farms throughout Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and characterizing the dominant BLV genotypes by analyzing partial sequences of the gp51 gene. A total of 1,250 blood samples were collected from cattle of both sexes, various age groups (<1 year, 1-3 years, 3-5 years, and >5 years), and different breeds (Friesian, Jersey, Sahiwal, Achai, and crossbred) from multiple cattle farms. Of the 1,250 samples tested, BLV was detected in 136 (10.88%) using nested PCR. Risk factor analysis revealed a significantly higher prevalence of BLV in exotic breeds and older cattle. To confirm the findings and genotype the BLV isolates, four PCR-positive samples were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis identified the isolates as belonging to genotype I, closely related to GI BLV isolates from Japan. Furthermore, the isolates in this study formed a tightly clustered group, suggesting a common origin from an earlier virus introduced into the host population in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"2486029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veterinary QuarterlyPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2025.2465570
Yu-Chen Tai, Geng-Ming Hu, Chi-Ming Chen
{"title":"Phylogenetic network of infectious bronchitis virus: exploring the impact of migratory birds on viral clustering, evolution, and recombination.","authors":"Yu-Chen Tai, Geng-Ming Hu, Chi-Ming Chen","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2465570","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2465570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) presents a major threat to global poultry production, necessitating a thorough understanding of its evolutionary relationships for effective control measures. This study presents a novel distance-based Minimum Span Clustering (MSClustering) method to cluster 311 IBV strains, with a comparison of its results to the established IBV classification. Phylogenetic network and recombination analyses were employed to investigate IBV evolutionary relationships and transmission pathways. The phylogenetic network revealed distinct clusters reflecting relationships between IBV strains. Importantly, these network patterns, combined with recombination event analysis, suggest an unrecognized role for migratory birds in IBV dissemination, highlighting potential transmission pathways beyond established poultry trade routes. These findings contribute to advancing our understanding of IBV evolution and support the development of targeted strategies for controlling viral outbreaks in poultry populations. While statistical limitations may affect threshold estimation for smaller networks, our MSClustering method significantly accelerates processing speeds-approximately 100,000 times faster than PhyML when analyzing the dataset-enabling comprehensive-scale phylogenetic analysis of viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}