农林科学最新文献

{"title":"Effects of cultivation on soil carbon and nitrogen along an altitudinal gradient in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Haojing Lei ,&nbsp;Fengzi Li ,&nbsp;Xu-Ri ,&nbsp;Songbo QU ,&nbsp;Ribu Shama ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Eryuan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of cultivation on the Tibetan Plateau at high altitudes remain uncertain. To answer these questions, this study to compare the differences in soil total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) between farmland and adjacent forests was conducted at 755–1850 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in Medog, southeast of the Tibetan Plateau, using an altitude gradient sampling strategy. 14 farmland-forest pairs were used for comparison. Cultivation caused significant soil TC and TN changes when comparing forests and farmlands. More than half of the farmland-forest pairs soil TC and TN content exhibited decreasing trends. The soil at 0–10 cm was the most susceptible to cultivation, where soil TC decreased by 1.10 kg/m² (about 21 %), and TN decreased by 0.07 kg/m² (about 19 %). With increasing altitude, lower soil temperatures were more favorable for soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation in both forests and farmland. Soil water content was a key factor in determining the accumulation or consumption of carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soils, with a threshold of 40 %. Beyond this value, agricultural soils tended to accumulate TC and TN rather than consume them. Furthermore, the use of organic fertilizers was beneficial for maintaining soil fertility. Soil TC and TN increased by up to 5.57 kg C/m² and 0.33 kg N/m² in 0–10 cm soil after using organic fertilizers. However, overutilization of the soil eventually caused a dramatic loss of soil carbon (up to 19.39 kg C/m² TC) and nitrogen (1.21 kg N/m² TN) in the 0–30 cm soil, resulting in abandoned land. In addition to field experiments, this study also reviewed the status of agricultural cultivation on the Tibetan Plateau since 2000 using data from 79 farmland observations. The results showed that most regions within an altitude range of 2745–4088 m (a.s.l.) experienced significant soil carbon and nitrogen losses. That led to decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) at 1.5 Tg C/year, while soil TN increased at 0.03 Tg N/year after 2000. Therefore, cultivation on the Tibetan Plateau must receive adequate attention for the sustainable development of plateau agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 122577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Cereal Crop Type on Reducing Emission Intensity With Biochar Application in Monsoon Asia","authors":"Shengji Yan,&nbsp;Karrym Alvin Forsyth,&nbsp;Daniel Revillini,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Cui,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhan,&nbsp;Zhenwei Song,&nbsp;Ziyin Shang,&nbsp;Weijian Zhang","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar amendments can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils while helping to maintain food security. However, whether the effect of biochar application on emission intensity (EI) of non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions (including methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O)), per unit of crop caloric content, varies for different crops and its driving mechanism remains unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of EI changes (ΔEI) with biochar application for three major cereal crops: rice, wheat, and maize, based on 202 observations from 41 research publications from Monsoon Asia. Our results showed that biochar application reduced the EI for all three crops by an average of −14.6 kg CO₂ eq M cal⁻¹, with the greatest reduction in ΔEI for rice (−28.9 kg CO₂ equation M cal⁻¹). Biochar application-induced reduction in CH₄ emissions (−0.4 Mg CO₂ eq ha⁻¹) was the main contributor to ΔEI for rice, which was greater than those for upland crops: maize and wheat (−0.1 Mg CO₂ eq ha⁻¹ and 0.3 Mg CO₂ eq ha⁻¹, respectively). Crop type directly affected ΔEI after biochar application. Additionally, crop type indirectly influenced ΔEI by associating with soil organic carbon and clay contents for N₂O emission and CH₄ emission, respectively. This study highlights that biochar application to soil reduces EI across the globally important agricultural region, and these reductions were most pronounced for rice compared to wheat and maize. Our study provides a better understanding of the effects of biochar on GHG emissions for three important crops and can facilitate the development of new strategies for agricultural GHG mitigation while maintaining food security for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating synthetic data sets for training of neural networks for automatic catch analysis in fisheries","authors":"Jonatan Sjølund Dyrstad,&nbsp;Elling Ruud Øye","doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2025.110160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compag.2025.110160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of catch is essential for sustainable fisheries. It ensures precise catch reporting, provides a better basis for stock assessment, and helps prevent overfishing. With recent advances in deep learning, this could be solved using computer vision, however, collecting and annotating data for different fisheries, all with diverse catch distributions and different imaging equipment, is expensive and time-consuming and is currently limiting the adoption of the technology. To address this issue, we propose the use of synthetic data sets, created in simulation, for training of neural networks for the task of automatic catch analysis. Although the domain is subject to large amounts of variation in the image data, we hypothesize that much of this variation is due to clutter and variations in the appearance of the fish as captured by the camera, rather than inherent variations in the raw material itself. As such, the variation can be covered effectively in data sets generated in simulation, without the need for large data sets of 3D-models for each species, which are also costly to produce. This is demonstrated by training a neural network for instance segmentation, instance classification and key point detection, solely on synthetic data created with only five 3D-models of fish. The neural network is evaluated on real data, gathered with a variety of sensors onboard different fishing vessels, demonstrating that it generalizes across different domains. This evaluation concludes that synthetic data can be a valuable addition to real data for computer vision applications for catch analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50627,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 110160"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a smart incubator for microalgae cultivation in food production: A case study of Spirulina","authors":"Albe Bing Zhe Chai ,&nbsp;Bee Theng Lau ,&nbsp;Irine Runnie Henry Ginjom ,&nbsp;Mark Kit Tsun Tee ,&nbsp;Pau Loke Show ,&nbsp;Enzo Palombo","doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2025.110163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compag.2025.110163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing awareness of nutritious food with environmentally friendly resources, microalgae cultivation is a promising sector to support the production of high-quality food. However, state-of-the-art cultivation solutions are mostly performed in large-scale settings at the<!--> <!-->industrial level. There is limited research that investigates the feasibility of developing small-scale solutions to support home-based microalgae cultivation. Hence, this study contributed to the Smart Microalgae Incubator system (SMIS), a novel and easy-to-manage IoT-based solution for small-scale home-based Spirulina cultivation. The SMIS is designed with functionalities such as growth monitoring and controlling, automated biomass harvesting, and medium recycling. A control center is included to control these operations based on the sensor readings of temperature, pH, water level, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids in the main cultivation tank. Moreover, the turbidity center is designed to measure the turbidity level in the main tank so that the readiness for biomass harvesting is determined to trigger the automated harvesting. The proposed SMIS is utilized for a 125-day <em>Spirulina</em> cultivation and benchmarked with a control tank that cultivates <em>Spirulina</em> manually. Analysis of the<!--> <!-->growth rate and nutrient contents of <em>Spirulina</em> cultivated with both systems showed that the SMIS achieved comparable performance. Specifically, the harvested biomass at day 60 contains higher levels of protein (69.1 %), crude fat (10.3 %), and fiber (15.7 %). To conclude, the proposed SMIS is a significant and sustainable solution ideal for home-based <em>Spirulina</em> cultivation as a<!--> <!-->nutrient-rich food source. Further research is recommended to evaluate its effectiveness for cultivating other microalgae species. System refinement is also suggested to investigate its applicability for large-scale implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50627,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 110163"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and quantifications of soil acidification under different land uses and depths in northern subtropical China","authors":"Yue Dong ,&nbsp;Samuel Adingo ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Song ,&nbsp;Shuai Liu ,&nbsp;Yiting Hu ,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng Ji ,&nbsp;Jidong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive nitrogen (N) fertilization and intensified agriculture have greatly accelerated soil acidification in China. However, research has focused more on non-calcareous soils with pH &lt; 6.5. Until now, knowledge concerning the characteristics and rate of acidification of calcareous soils in northern China is still lacking. In this study, soil samples (n = 139) under different land uses (upland, paddy fields, and forests) and at different soil depths (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm) were collected from a typical northern subtropical agricultural region. The characteristics and drivers of soil acidification were evaluated based on the measurable results and quantification of the proton (H⁺) budget. Compared to historical data (n = 143) from the 1980s, the pH of the topsoil was decreased by 2.88 and 1.88 units in upland and paddy fields, respectively. Meanwhile, due to the selective uptake of cations over anions by crops, subsoil pH in upland and paddy fields also reduced significantly by 1.30 and 1.12 units, respectively. In contrast, no significant change in the soil pH was observed in the forests. In the study area, the soil acidification rates were 17.7 ± 3.2 and 13.5 ± 2.7 kmol ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for upland and paddy fields, respectively. N transformation was the dominant driver of soil acidification (63–77 %), followed by excess uptake of cations by crops (23–37 %), whereas the contribution of H⁺ deposition and HCO₃^- process was negligible (&lt;1 %). Quantitative results showed that soil acidification was more severe in upland than in paddy fields, with a faster decline in soil pH, a higher soil exchangeable acidity, a greater proportion of strongly acidic soils, and a 30 % higher soil acidification rate. This might be interpreted by the differences in N fertilization rate, water management, topographical distribution, and crop yields. Thus, our data suggest that strategies such as reducing the N fertilization rate, implementing appropriate water management strategies, practicing crop rotation, and adequate straw return could effectively mitigate soil acidification in northern subtropical China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 106527"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting-Edge Insect Processing: Unlocking the Potential for Bacterial Reduction in Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Protein","authors":"Patrick Sudwischer,&nbsp;Verena Böschen,&nbsp;Werner Sitzmann,&nbsp;Michael Hellwig","doi":"10.1111/jfs.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insects are rising in importance as an alternative animal protein feed source for livestock and pets. Black soldier fly larvae (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) are one of the most common species in this alternative sector. This is based on their nutritional value, growth potential, high bioconversion ratio, and low environmental impact. The bacterial population in the larvae has been characterized but not the impact of process technology on bacterial reduction. This study focuses on the effect of insect processing on bacterial levels, from the larvae up to the protein feed generated from them. The two common processes, dry and wet processing, are compared with regard to their individual impact on product hygiene. Significant differences were observed between the technologies used for insect processing. In the dry process, a reduction of bacteria in the range of 2.63–3.41 log CFU/g was observable. In wet processing, a higher potential to reduce bacteria in the products was found, resulting in a decrease in bacterial count of 5.68 log CFU/g over the entire process. Both systems have shown different reduction potentials at different process stages. The EU Regulation 142/2011 is set as a legal benchmark in this study. Additionally, we observed a slow recontamination of the protein feed in a storage study over 14 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfs.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-season variable-rate algorithm for organic and mineral rice fertilization","authors":"Karen Marti-Jerez, Mar Català-Forner, Núria Tomàs, Gemma Murillo, Carlos Ortiz, Marta S. Lopes","doi":"10.1007/s13593-024-01003-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-024-01003-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate calculation of nitrogen requirements is essential in rice fields utilizing both local manure and mineral fertilizers to mitigate nitrogen deficiencies and yield losses associated with reducing chemical fertilizer use. Traditional approaches often fail to effectively integrate organic and mineral fertilizers or adapt to the complexities of real-farm conditions. To tackle these challenges, this study introduced a novel application of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Optimization Algorithm (NFOA), leveraging remote optical sensors and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to deliver precise, data-driven nitrogen recommendations for the effective integration of organic fertilization in rice cultivation. Fertilizer prescription maps generated by the NFOA delivered precise nitrogen recommendations tailored for diverse real-farm fields. The algorithm demonstrated strong predictive performance for yield responses to nitrogen application at critical phenological stages, such as panicle initiation and maximum tillering (R²= 0.71, <i>p </i>&lt; 0.0001; R²= 0.73, <i>p </i>&lt; 0.0001). Key findings demonstrate the model’s ability to optimize nitrogen inputs, achieving up to a 40% reduction in surplus nitrogen while maximizing yields. By promoting a balanced nitrogen input-output equilibrium, the NFOA offers significant environmental and economic benefits, even in the context of the complexities associated with organic fertilization. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the NFOA approach is suitable for calculating nitrogen fertilizer requirements in rice fields using organic fertilization strategies, effectively accommodating the high variability in nutrient content and availability of organic nitrogen to rice crops. However, further refinement is necessary to enhance its predictive accuracy by incorporating advanced spectral indices and accounting for detailed environmental and management factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7721,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy for Sustainable Development","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory effects of water-soluble hemicelluloses from corn bran with varying molecular weights on wheat starch digestibility","authors":"Zhimin Ma, Yifan Sheng, Xiaoxue Liu, Jiayue Guo, Pengjie Wang, Fazheng Ren, Lida Wu, Yingchao Liang, Baocai Xu, Siyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143649","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined effects of corn bran hemicellulose (CBH) with three molecular weight levels—CBH-H (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.317ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.582ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -747.2 1577.1 997.6\" width=\"3.663ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-4D\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(970,-150)\"&gt;&lt;use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-77\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 789 × 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), CBH-M (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.317ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.582ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -747.2 1577.1 997.6\" width=\"3.663ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-4D\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(970,-150)\"&gt;&lt;use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-77\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 15 × 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), and CBH-L (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.317ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.582ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -747.2 1577.1 997.6\" width=\"3.663ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-4D\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\" t","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexity in long-term stand dynamics of mixed-species, multi-cohort stands using an imputation/copula tree growth model","authors":"Yung-Han Hsu ,&nbsp;John A. Kershaw Jr ,&nbsp;Aaron R. Weiskittel ,&nbsp;Mark J. Ducey","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term stand structural dynamics are complex due to stochastic processes within natural systems. Although forest growth and yield models are widely used to forecast stand dynamics, there are still limitations in their ability to capture the full range of outcomes. An individual tree imputation/copula (I/C) model using nearest neighbor imputation and copula sampling is used to generate multiple projections to estimate uncertainty of future stand structures. The Nova Scotia permanent sample plots (NSPSP; n = 3250) were used as the reference data to simulate 500-year projections of Acadian Forest stand development. Species composition was more uncertain than size structure. Initial levels of red maple (<em>Acer rubrum</em> L.) basal area significantly impacted long-term forest stand dynamics. Red maple basal area generally increased in all stand types while balsam fir (BF; <em>Abies balsamea</em> (L.) Mill) and red spruce (RS; <em>Picea rubens</em> Sarg.) generally decreased. Despite the relatively simple structure of the I/C model, complex stand dynamics can be predicted; however, the model is limited by the range of conditions represented in the reference data. The ability to estimate uncertainty in long-term stand development and the potential to assess forest management planning risk makes the I/C modelling approach a potentially powerful tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 122559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Elevation and Mineralogy on the Amount and Turnover of Fractionated Organic Carbon in Paddy Soils in Nepal","authors":"Atsuhito Suzuki,&nbsp;Junta Yanai,&nbsp;Prakash Paneru,&nbsp;Shree Prasad Vista,&nbsp;Rota Wagai,&nbsp;Sota Tanaka,&nbsp;Hirotsugu Arai,&nbsp;Ichiro Tayasu,&nbsp;Atsushi Nakao","doi":"10.1111/ejss.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The storage of soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for maintaining and improving soil fertility. To obtain basic information about the status of SOM in paddy fields in Nepal under various ecological settings, we investigated the amount and turnover rate of stored carbon (C) in fractionated SOM in the surface layer. Soil samples from the top 15 cm plough layer were collected from 21 sites along an elevation gradient ranging from 78 to 2002 m a.s.l. in the central region of the country, and in eight sites in the lowland area in the eastern region to investigate regional differences in SOM status. SOM was fractionated into four components: (1) light fraction (LF, &lt; 1.8 g cm⁻³), (2) heavy fraction (HF) consisting of physically stable aggregates, (3) oxidizable clay + silt fraction (OxF), and (4) nonoxidizable clay + silt fraction (NOxF) forming organo-mineral complexes with fine-textured minerals. The amounts of C in all fractions were determined, and the ∆¹⁴C values of selected samples were evaluated as indices of C turnover rate. The amount of stored C increased with elevation from 78 m (13.3 g kg⁻¹) to <i>ca.</i> 1700 m a.s.l. (28.0 g kg⁻¹). However, the total C content and C contents in LF, OxF, and NOxF exhibited decreasing trends from 1700 to <i>ca.</i> 2000 m a.s.l. (20.4 g kg⁻¹), probably because of decreased biomass production and decreased amorphous soil minerals at <i>ca</i>. 2000 m. The Δ¹⁴C values indicated that the C turnover rates in HF, OxF, and NOxF were faster at higher elevations (1221 m) than at lower elevations (78 m). These results suggest that mineralogy can have greater influence on C turnover than the climate difference in these mineral-associated C fractions through SOM stabilisation. In lowland, the amounts and turnover rates of stored C in the soil fractions were larger and slower in the central region than in the eastern region, respectively, reflecting differences in soil texture and mineralogy. Multiple regression analysis showed that the amount of C was negatively influenced by the mean annual temperature in all fractions and positively influenced by amorphous Al minerals (Alo–Alp) in OxF and NOxF. The coefficients for temperature further suggest that the relative vulnerability of C to temperature increase is in the order of LF&gt;HF&gt;OxF&gt;NOxF. These findings can serve as a basis for the maintenance and improvement of paddy soil fertility in Nepal for sustainable agricultural management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12043,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Soil Science","volume":"76 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}