农林科学最新文献

{"title":"Lack of large-diameter living trees and low structural diversity characterise managed dry-mesic oak forests in the Hungarian Carpathians","authors":"János Bölöni ,&nbsp;Réka Aszalós ,&nbsp;Péter Ódor","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oaks are the dominant species of a wide range of forest types and are of great ecological, economic and cultural importance. Forest structure and composition have a major influence on forest function and biodiversity. It is a core determinant of naturalness, carbon storage and can be an important goal for forest management. We investigated the composition and structure in five age classes of dry-mesic oak forests in the Hungarian Carpathians. We collected standardised data from different stands and compared the structure (density, basal area, regeneration, dead wood, size distribution) and composition of oak forests among different age classes (40–165 years) and by management type (managed – abandoned). The effect of age class on the derived variables was analysed using general linear mixed models with age class as a fixed effect and region as a random effect. Oaks dominated all age classes in the canopy layer, with the combined relative basal area of oaks ranging from 95 % to 99 %. The composition of the understorey was very different from that of the canopy, with oak not dominating either the sapling or seedling size classes in any of the age classes. The diameter at breast height (DBH) range for age classes younger than 120 years old exceeds 28 cm on average, while in the oldest age class it reaches 45 cm. It is notable that large trees (DBH &gt; 60 cm) are practically absent from the managed dry-mesic oak stands. The mean number of large trees per hectare was found to be 0.2 for all managed stands, while in the abandoned stands (with an age of over 120 years old) it was close to 5 trees per hectare. The diameter distribution of managed age classes exhibits a bell-shaped curve, whereas stands exceeding 120 years of age display a double-peak pattern, with the lower secondary peak occurring within the 35–40 cm diameter range. In order to facilitate the transition of dry-mesic oak forests towards a more natural state, it is crucial to ensure the preservation of intact areas and habitat trees, in addition to implementing appropriate techniques for their regeneration following felling. It is recommended that retention patches cover a percentage of the total area that is between 5 % and 25 %. Without leaving such immature patches, large trees will continue to be absent from dry-mesic oak forests in Hungary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"586 ","pages":"Article 122706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid enhanced optimization architecture-based model for long-term water temperature prediction in aquaculture","authors":"Tonglai Liu,&nbsp;Min He,&nbsp;Zhuhong Che,&nbsp;Shuangyin Liu,&nbsp;Longqin Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01958-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01958-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Addressing issues such as inadequate prediction accuracy, significant noise interference, and difficulties in capturing long-term dependencies in aquaculture environment water temperature (WT) forecasting, this paper proposes a long-term prediction model based on a hybrid enhanced optimization architecture, namely the HEOA-BiTCN-MLSTM model. This model utilizes the human evolutionary optimization algorithm (HEOA) to optimize model parameters, thereby improving prediction accuracy. It employs a bidirectional temporal convolutional network (BiTCN) to deeply extract latent features from data, enhance noise resistance, and capture long-term trends and complex nonlinear variations in WT data. Finally, it integrates a multi-head long short-term memory (MLSTM) network, which combines the long short-term memory (LSTM) network with the multi-head self-attention mechanism (MHSA), to improve the model’s ability to capture long-term dependencies and model global information when processing long sequences. This model significantly improves WT prediction performance through the synergistic effects of optimization, hybridization, and enhancement while effectively addressing noise interference and data irregularity in complex environments. Experimental results demonstrate that this model significantly outperforms traditional benchmark models such as the gated recurrent unit (GRU), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and recurrent neural network (RNN) in long-term WT prediction. Specifically, when accurately predicting WT 4 h ahead, the model achieves <i>R</i>², MSE, MAE, and wMAPE values of 0.912, 0.352, 0.191, and 1.390%, respectively. This research provides robust support for intelligent monitoring and regulation in aquaculture environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoclassical economic analysis of water exchange and recirculating aquaculture systems in shrimp farming","authors":"Yuzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhao Chen ,&nbsp;Jiajia Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Chang ,&nbsp;Shuangyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Gao Meng ,&nbsp;Jian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shrimp farming industry, as one of the fastest-growing sectors within marine aquaculture, has played a significant role in improving China's food supply, promoting local economic development, and increasing farmers' incomes. In recent years, the factory farming model for shrimp in China has developed rapidly. To gain a deeper understanding of the various aquaculture technologies, we utilized bioeconomic methods to study the differences and economic efficiencies of different technologies in shrimp factory farming. The results indicate that water quality factors negatively impact shrimp weight, with interactions among them. The water exchange model significantly increases yield, while moderate recirculation intensity also has a positive effect. Economic analysis shows that a one-unit price increase leads to higher revenue: 1.33 units for the water exchange model and 1.16 units for moderate recirculation. The water exchange model yields a net profit of US$ 471.34 per hectare, with each additional weight unit adding 30.3 units to revenue. The recirculating water model generates US$ 124 per hectare, with each weight unit increasing revenue by 26.3 units. This provides relevant information for shrimp farming producers in their management decisions to improve both economic and ecological benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A detailed plant model in CFD that resolves the microclimate around individual leaves","authors":"Wito Plas ,&nbsp;Toon Demeester ,&nbsp;Zaaquib Y. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Jonas R. Coussement ,&nbsp;Kathy Steppe ,&nbsp;Michel De Paepe","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant factories require effective ventilation to promote proper plant growth. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is commonly used to evaluate ventilation strategies in these environments. Traditionally, porous models have been employed to study ventilation in plant factories. However, this study proposes an alternative approach using actual plant geometry, consisting of leaves and stems, which reduces the need for fitting parameters typically used in porous models. The study focuses on basil, with plant geometry based on experimental data to ensure accurate representation. This new plant model accounts for the heat and mass balance of each leaf, assigning individual temperature and humidity values. Radiative heat exchange was also included in the plant model by using the solar ray tracing algorithm to solve for shortwave radiation and the surface to surface radiation model for longwave thermal radiation. Validation was conducted in a small plant factory-like environment (1500 mm × 420 mm x 800 mm) under night-like conditions without shortwave radiation and day-like conditions, with shortwave radiation. Key variables such as transpiration rate and leaf temperature were measured and simulated. The coefficient of variation between measured and simulated transpiration rates ranged from 10 % to 15 % for night-time and 15 % for day-time. Root mean square deviations for leaf temperature were 0.4–0.6 °C at night and 0.5–1.6 °C during the day. A different test case, with air supplied from the bottom instead of the side, demonstrated the new model's capabilities. Overall, the new plant model visualises airflow around and through the canopy, and shows promise for improving ventilation strategies in vertical farming systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 104144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergizing meat science and interpretable AI: Quantifying crispness gradients for quality authentication of Tilapia fillet processing","authors":"Shuqi Tang, Ling Zhang, Xingguo Tian, Manni Zheng, Hu Zhang, Nan Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144252","url":null,"abstract":"Crispy tilapia has become a popular aquatic product due to its unique texture and high market demand. However, fillets at different stages of crispiness vary significantly in nutritional value and taste, directly affecting product quality and consumer experience. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of the crispiness of tilapia fillets is crucial for farmers, traders and consumers. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology has emerged as a powerful tool in food quality testing, offering rich spectral information that can be leveraged for detailed analysis. In this study, we propose a method combining HSI and dual-branch convolutional neural network (DB-CNN) for classifying tilapia fillets at different stages of crispness. By separately processing VNIR and SWIR data and fusing them in the feature space, the DB-CNN achieved 95.74 % classification accuracy, outperforming traditional fusion methods. Grad-CAM++ visualization validated the model's recognition of key spectral features. This approach offers an effective solution for authenticity identification and quality control of crispy tilapia fillets and showcases its potential for broader applications in food and aquatic product classification.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical authentication of the geographical origin of instant coffee using digital image-based fingerprints and chemometrics","authors":"Dâmaris Naara Chaves Candeias, Karoline Mendes Silva, Lucas Passos Bezerra, David Douglas de Sousa Fernandes, Paulo Henrique Gonçalves Dias Diniz","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144278","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel two-step hierarchical framework for authenticating the geographical origin of freeze-dried instant coffee, combining digital image-based fingerprints and chemometrics. Color histograms in the Grayscale, RGB, and HSV color spaces served as sample fingerprints, which were used as input for constructing chemometric models. Using HSV histograms, Data-Driven Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (DD-SIMCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>DA) demonstrated optimal predictive performance. These models accurately classified all samples from Southern Bahia and Espírito Santo in the first and second steps, respectively, and successfully differentiated them from samples of undeclared provenance. This resulted in 100 % sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the test set for both the class-modeling and discriminant approaches. The proposed methodology is simple, cost-effective, and non-destructive, offering an efficient, green, and reliable tool for in situ verification of instant coffee's authenticity and geographical origin.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic analysis and modelling of therapeutically important dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E, Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides production from adventitious root cultures of Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC.","authors":"Krishna Kant Pachauri,&nbsp;Rakhi Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Spilanthes paniculata</em> Wall. ex DC<strong>.</strong><em>,</em> toothache plant, is known for anaesthetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimalarial properties due to presence of N-alkylamides as primary therapeutic component. Current study focuses on production and kinetic modelling of dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E,Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides (DTAI) (an isomeric mixture) from in vitro adventitious root cultures induced from leaf-disc explants of <em>Spilanthes</em> on semi-solid MS medium fortified with auxins at varied concentrations. Highest root induction (86.66 %) was observed on medium supplemented with 2.5 µM Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These root cultures were transferred to suspension medium where MS salt strength, carbon source and inoculum density were optimized for root proliferation. Maximum fresh weight (85.33 ± 1.52 g/l) and dry weight (8.60 ± 0.15 g/l) of root biomass were obtained on ½MS (Only macronutrients were reduced to half strength) + 2.5 µM IAA. The DTAI was identified and quantified using HPLC, confirmed through mass spectrometry and highest productivity of 697.35 ± 25.03 µg/l was obtained after 18th day of inoculation. Growth kinetics of root biomass and DTAI production were studied using different kinetic models. Logistic model revealed maximum specific growth rate (µ_max) and root biomass (X_max) of 0.26 day⁻¹ and 8.23 g/l (dry weight), respectively. Luedeking-Piret model calculated the growth associated constant (α) and non-growth associated constant (β), signifying DTAI production as growth associated phenomenon. Moreover, modified Gompertz model also applied to calculate the maximum DTAI productivity and rate of DTAI production, with a lag phase of 3.59 days. This study provides an optimized growth parameters for constant and quality production of DTAI without seasonal and geographical restrictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 120997"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions in Dogs Treated for Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Origin Between Initial Diagnosis and Relapse","authors":"Carole Soulé,&nbsp;Laurent Blond,&nbsp;Robin Cavalerie,&nbsp;Stéphanie Piazza,&nbsp;Clément Baudin-Tréhiou","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The response of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) in dogs to immunosuppressive treatment is unpredictable, and relapses frequently occur.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our aim was to describe the evolution of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions in dogs treated for MUO from diagnosis to relapse and to define the diagnostic and clinical value of repeat MRI at relapse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighteen dogs treated for MUO that experienced relapse and underwent MRI both at disease onset and relapse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, descriptive, longitudinal, case series study. Dogs were identified from medical records between 2015 and 2024. The MR images were reviewed by radiologists for lesion number, location, size, pre- and post-contrast signal aspect, meningeal enhancement, mass effect, perilesional edema, and evidence of intracranial hypertension.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median interval between MRIs was 259 days (range, 31–876 days). In dogs with relapse delay &lt; 157 days, lesion number tended to decrease. Residual lesions tended to enlarge and exhibit contrast enhancement and perilesional edema (suggesting an active pathologic process), but without development of new lesions. After 233 days, all dogs had developed new lesions. Half exhibited enlarged active residual lesions, whereas the others showed either remission or smaller inactive lesions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Before a clinical relapse at approximately 6 months, remission of the initial pathologic process and development of new lesions appear unlikely. Beyond this period, new lesions may occur with or without remission of the initial pathologic process, and repeat MRI is of high diagnostic and clinical value in detecting new lesions and characterizing the underlying pathologic process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in participation rate, socioeconomic profile, recreational motivation, and wildlife-related value orientation among recreational fishers in Spain","authors":"Beatriz Morales-Nin ,&nbsp;Robert Arlinghaus ,&nbsp;Josep Alós","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyse gender differences in recreational fisheries, using randomly collected data from Spain as a case study. Specifically, we contrast the participation rate, socioeconomic profile, self-determined motivations, and two wildlife-related value orientations (WVOs) among active (fished in the last 12 months) and lapsed (not fished in the last 12 months and without an intent to do so in the future) females and males participating in Spanish recreational fisheries, assessed via a nationwide telephone survey. Active participation rates in recreational fishing were significantly greater among males (21.5 % of the male population) than among females (11.7 % of the female population). Similar differences were also observed for lapsed participants. Active female recreational fishers were, on average, significantly younger (average 37 years) than their male counterparts (45 years), but other socioeconomic variables, such as residency in urban/rural settlements, income, or educational degree, did not differ. While the socioeconomic profile between active and lapsed male participants did not vary strongly, lapsed female participants in recreational fishing were older than active female participants, and had significantly lower income and degree of education. Female participants attributed significantly greater importance to engage with family than males as a motivation to recreate. Females also expressed greater importance to motives related to learning, discovering something new, and reflecting on one's identity and past good times than males. While the motivations between active and lapsed females were largely similar, the motivations between active and lapsed male participants were substantially different: active male recreational fishers placed significantly greater importance on taking risks, testing equipment, competing with others and teaching others than lapsed males. The WVOs of female and male participants in recreational fisheries were largely similar, but in lapsed fishers the mutualism score was significantly greater in females than males. Our study confirms the finding that the participation rate in recreational fishing is lower in females compared to males, and that males and females who made the decision to become active recreational fisheries share many motivations and values related to the use of wildlife and fish. That said, active female recreational fishers in Spain see fishing as a stronger contributor to family-related recreation than men.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50443,"journal":{"name":"Fisheries Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 107363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock excretion alleviates soil microbial carbon and phosphorus limitations relative to trampling and defoliation in an alpine meadow","authors":"Yuye Shen ,&nbsp;Yunying Fang ,&nbsp;Yvonne Oelmann ,&nbsp;Tony Vancov ,&nbsp;Huai Chen ,&nbsp;Ziyin Du ,&nbsp;Scott X. Chang ,&nbsp;Yanjiang Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Livestock grazing significantly influence the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) dynamics within grassland ecosystems. However, a limited understanding of the specific impacts of individual grazing behaviors—such as trampling, defoliation, and excretion—on the flexibility of C:N:P stoichiometry in soil systems still exists. To clarify this, we conducted field experiments to simulate various yak (<em>Bos grunniens</em>) grazing behaviors, including light and heavy trampling, light and heavy defoliation, and dung and urine deposition. These experiments aimed to assess their effects on the C:N:P stoichiometry of soil-microbe-enzyme in an alpine grassland. Our findings revealed that trampling significantly increased the microbial N:P and C:P ratios, compared to the control. Defoliation significantly raised microbial N:P and enzymatic C:P ratios, while excretion resulted in higher microbial C:N and enzymatic N:P ratios. Specifically, light defoliation led to significantly higher microbial C:N and C:P ratios than heavy defoliation. The imbalance in microbial C:N ratio intensified with greater defoliation intensity. Compared to trampling and defoliation, livestock excretion, especially dung deposition, potentially alleviated microbial C and P limitations by increasing the resource availability of soil microbial growth. Furthermore, microbial C:N:P stoichiometry responded more sensitively to grazing behaviors than soil C:N:P stoichiometry. Overall, our study distinguishes the independent effects of different yak grazing behaviors (trampling, defoliation, and excretion) on the C:N:P stoichiometry of soil-microbe-enzyme in an alpine grassland, and underscores the crucial role of soil microorganisms in moderating changes in C, N, and P cycling under livestock grazing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"389 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}