生物学最新文献

{"title":"Mpox: Global epidemic situation and countermeasures.","authors":"Wenshuang Hou, Nan Wu, Yanzhi Liu, Yanjun Tang, Quan Quan, Yinghua Luo, Chenghao Jin","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2457958","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2457958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mpox, is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus and is primarily endemic to Africa. As countries gradually stop smallpox vaccination, resistance to the smallpox virus is declining, increasing the risk of infection with mpox and other viruses. On 14 August 2024, the World Health Organization announced that the spread of mpox constituted a public health emergency of international concern. Mpox's transmission routes and symptoms are complex and pose new challenges to global health. Several vaccines (such as ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, LC16m8, and genetically engineered vaccines) and antiviral drugs (such as tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir, and varicella immunoglobulin intravenous injection) have been developed and marketed to prevent and control this disease. This review aims to introduce the epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, physiological and pathological characteristics, and preventive measures for mpox in detail, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mpox viruses worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2457958"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11810083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excessive activation of JAK-STAT signaling contributes to inflammation induced by acute <i>Vibrio</i> infection in shrimp.","authors":"Hongliang Zuo, Xiya Yang, Youxi Wang, Bangping Hu, Zhiming Zhu, Zhixun Guo, Shaoping Weng, Jianguo He, Xiaopeng Xu","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2451169","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2451169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uncontrolled immune responses resulting from overactivated cellular signaling pathways, leading to inflammation and tissue injury, are a major cause of death in pathogen-infected individuals. This phenomenon has been well studied in mammals but is less explored in invertebrates. Bacteria of the genus <i>Vibrio</i> are among the most harmful pathogens to humans and aquatic animals. In shrimp, <i>Vibrio</i> infection is generally characterized by the sudden onset of disease, with pathological signs of opaque and whitish muscle tissue. The current study shows that shrimp acutely infected with high dose of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> develop inflammation-like pathological changes, leading to rapid death. Excessive activation of JAK-STAT signaling, rather than the Dorsal and Relish pathways, results in overactivation of shrimp immunity and is a major cause of inflammation induced by acute <i>Vibrio</i> infection. Weakening JAK-STAT signaling attenuates the inflammatory response and reduces mortality caused by acute <i>Vibrio</i> infection in shrimp, whereas enhancing JAK-STAT signaling can convert a normal infection into an acute one, accelerating shrimp death. Therefore, this study indicates that, similar to that in mammals, the pathogenesis of infectious diseases in invertebrates is complicated by inflammatory responses triggered by dysregulated immune signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2451169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sulfur-related metabolic status of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> during infection reveals cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase as a promising antifungal target.","authors":"Reem Alharthi, Monica Sueiro-Olivares, Isabelle Storer, Hajer Bin Shuraym, Jennifer Scott, Reem Al-Shidhani, Rachael Fortune-Grant, Elaine Bignell, Lydia Tabernero, Michael Bromley, Can Zhao, Jorge Amich","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2024.2449075","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2024.2449075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfur metabolism is an essential aspect of fungal physiology and pathogenicity. Fungal sulfur metabolism comprises anabolic and catabolic routes that are not well conserved in mammals, therefore is considered a promising source of prospective novel antifungal targets. To gain insight into <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> sulfur-related metabolism during infection, we used a NanoString custom nCounter-TagSet and compared the expression of 68 key metabolic genes in different murine models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, at 3 time-points, and under a variety of <i>in vitro</i> conditions. We identified a set of 15 genes that were consistently expressed at higher levels <i>in vivo</i> than <i>in vitro</i>, suggesting that they may be particularly relevant for intrapulmonary growth and thus constitute promising drug targets. Indeed, the role of 5 of the 15 genes has previously been empirically validated, supporting the likelihood that the remaining candidates are relevant. In addition, the analysis of gene expression dynamics at early (16 h), mid (24 h), and late (72 h) time-points uncovered potential disease initiation and progression factors. We further characterized one of the identified genes, encoding the cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase ShmB, and demonstrated that it is an essential gene of <i>A. fumigatus</i>, also required for virulence in a murine model of established pulmonary infection. We further showed that the structure of the ligand-binding pocket of the fungal enzyme differs significantly from its human counterpart, suggesting that specific inhibitors can be designed. Therefore, <i>in vivo</i> transcriptomics is a powerful tool for identifying genes crucial for fungal pathogenicity that may encode promising antifungal target candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2449075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of physical stimulations on the migration and differentiation of Schwann cells involved in peripheral nerve repair.","authors":"Qingyan Sun, Xiaodan Mu, Qi Gao, Juncheng Wang, Min Hu, Huawei Liu","doi":"10.1080/19336918.2025.2450311","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336918.2025.2450311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral nerve injury repair has always been a research concern of scientists. At the tissue level, axonal regeneration has become a research spotlight in peripheral nerve repair. Through transplantation of autologous nerve grafts or other emerging biomaterials functional recovery after facial nerve injury is not ideal in clinical scenarios. Great strides have been made to improve facial nerve repair at the micro-cellular level. Physical stimulation techniques can trigger Schwann cells (SCs) to migrate and differentiate into cells required for peripheral nerve repair. Classified by the sources of physical stimulations, SCs repair peripheral nerves through galvanotaxis, magnetotaxis and durotaxis. This article summarized the activation, directional migration and differentiation of SCs induced by physical stimulations, thus providing new ideas for the research of peripheral nerve repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":9680,"journal":{"name":"Cell Adhesion & Migration","volume":"19 1","pages":"2450311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence and pathogenicity of group B <i>Streptococcus</i>: Virulence factors and their roles in perinatal infection.","authors":"Christina J Megli, Sophia M Carlin, Elizabeth J Giacobe, Gideon H Hillebrand, Thomas A Hooven","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2451173","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2451173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarizes key virulence factors associated with group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS), a significant pathogen particularly affecting pregnant women, fetuses, and infants. Beginning with an introduction to the historical transition of GBS from a zoonotic pathogen to a prominent cause of human infections, particularly in the perinatal period, the review describes major disease manifestations caused by GBS, including sepsis, meningitis, chorioamnionitis, pneumonia, and others, linking each to specific virulence mechanisms. A detailed exploration of the genetic basis for GBS pathogenicity follows, emphasizing the roles of capsules in pathogenesis and immune evasion. The paper also examines the molecular structures and functions of key GBS surface proteins, such as pili, serine-rich repeat proteins, and fibrinogen-binding proteins, which facilitate colonization and disease. Additionally, the review discusses the significance of environmental sensing and response systems, like the two-component systems, in adapting GBS to different host environments. We conclude by addressing current efforts in vaccine development, underscoring the need for effective prevention strategies against this pervasive pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2451173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of adaptation to crowded larval environment on the evolution of sperm competitive ability in males of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Rohit Kapila, Komal Maggu, Neetika Ahlawat, Nagaraj Guru Prasad","doi":"10.1080/19336934.2024.2437204","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336934.2024.2437204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two of the most important environmental factors that affect the sperm competitive ability in males are the availability of resources and the socio-sexual environment. Numerous studies have investigated the individual effects of these factors, but their combined effect on the evolution of sperm competitive ability remains untested. A crowded larval environment is unique because it simultaneously affects the fitness of the organism through both resource availability and the socio-sexual environment. In this study, we used a set of four laboratory populations of <i>D. melanogaster</i>, evolved under a crowded larval environment for more than 165 generations and their respective controls to investigate how the sperm competitive ability of the males is affected by a single generation of larval crowding versus evolution under a crowded larval environment for more than 165 generations. Our results show that larval crowding negatively affects the sperm defence ability of males evolved in a crowded larval environment, while it has no effect on the sperm defence ability of control males. Additionally, larval crowding negatively impacts the sperm offence ability in both control and evolved populations. Males from populations adapted to a crowded larval environment exhibit lower sperm offence ability at an older age compared to control populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12128,"journal":{"name":"Fly","volume":"19 1","pages":"2437204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11660399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15476286.2025.2449742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2025.2449742","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21351,"journal":{"name":"RNA Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) used for management of inflammatory bowel disease: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Sia Shin, Siqi Chen, Kangzhe Xie, Suehad Abou Duhun, Tamara Ortiz-Cerda","doi":"10.1080/13510002.2025.2471737","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13510002.2025.2471737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic autoimmune condition whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, and current treatments are not definitive and often carry several side effects. The Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) offers a new approach to conventional medicine. However, their clinical application and mechanisms remain limited.<b>Objective:</b> The aim of this review is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, impact on microbiota and antioxidant efficacy of currently available CAM for IBD.<b>Methods:</b> The literature collection was obtained from Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science (WOS). Studies in both human and animal models, published in English language between 2018 and 2024, were selected. Sixty-seven studies were included in the current review after inclusion and exclusion screening processes.<b>Results:</b> Mostly, studies showed significant anti-inflammatory, gut microbiota restoring, antioxidant effects of polyphenols, polysaccharides, emodin, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; including butyrate, propionate and acetate), and probiotics although some contrasting results were noted. Current evidence shows that polyphenols exhibit the most consistent result in alleviating IBD pathophysiology, primarily due to their significant SCFA-elevating effect.<b>Discussion:</b> Future studies may focus on human studies, narrowing down on individual factors which may change natural product's metabolism. Further research studies are also essential to obtain therapeutic recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21096,"journal":{"name":"Redox Report","volume":"30 1","pages":"2471737"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Wasting Disease Research in North America: A systematic review highlighting species-wise and interdisciplinary research trends.","authors":"Chandika Rg, Anaïs Tallon, Emily K Latch","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2025.2464753","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336896.2025.2464753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) research has experienced significant growth, spanning diverse disciplines such as genetics, immunology, modelling, and behaviour. To gain a broad understanding of the changes in CWD research focusing cervids, we analysed temporal trends in study location, species, genus investigated, infection types, and population type since the discovery of CWD in 1980s. Our findings indicate that Colorado, USA, published the highest number of articles, followed by Wisconsin, and publication numbers correlated with reported CWD cases in states/provinces. <i>Odocoileus</i> emerged as the most studied genus. Wild populations are studied more commonly than captive populations. Keyword analysis of transmission types shows the discovery of novel transmission modes in the recent past. We also used a novel approach to categorize studies into five themes: field-based, lab-based, math/analytics/modelling-based, management-based, and human dimensions. Overall, most studies captured had a lab-based component. The interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary nature of major disciplines and evolving trends in keywords, particularly the increased reliance on genetics/genomics, accentuate the beginning of using genomics to under and tackle CWD at a fundamental scale. Encapsulated in our analysis, these dynamic changes offer valuable insights for navigating CWD through scientifically informed proactive management decisions in conjunction with existing surveillance efforts not only for the commonly studied species but also for potentially susceptible species.</p>","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hog1-Nmd5 signaling pathway regulates asexual development, lipid metabolism, stress response, trap morphogenesis, and secondary metabolism of <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i>.","authors":"Na Zhao, Qianqian Liu, Meichen Zhu, Lirong Zhu, Jinkui Yang","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2468294","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2468294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signalling pathway, comprising Ste11/Ssk2/Ssk22 (MAPKKK), Pbs2 (MAPKK), and Hog1 (MAPK), is an important and conserved pathway in fungi. However, the functions and downstream regulatory factors of Hog1 in nematode-trapping (NT) fungi remain poorly understood. Here, three proteins (AoNmd5, AoPyp1, and AoPtp) interacting with Hog1 were screened in a representative NT fungus <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> using yeast screening library and verified using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay. The function of AoNmd5 was furtherly characterized by phenotypic comparison, staining technique, and multi-omics analyses. AoNmd5 was essential for vegetative growth, conidial development, trap morphogenesis, and nematode predation ability. In addition, AoNmd5 played crucial roles in endocytosis, lipid metabolism, reactive oxygen species, stress response, autophagy, and other metabolic processes. Furthermore, we constructed an AoNmd5 interaction network based on transcriptomic analysis and Y2H, revealing its significant role in the respiratory chain and redox processes as well as its interaction with the small GTPase Ran1, which mediates Hog1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. These findings suggest that the Hog1-Nmd5 signalling pathway has pleiotropic roles in <i>A. oligospora</i>. This study deepens our understanding of the HOG pathway and its interaction with importins in NT fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2468294"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}