农林科学最新文献

{"title":"Global foot-and-mouth disease risk assessment based on multiple spatial analysis and ecological niche model.","authors":"Qi An, Yiyang Lv, Yuepeng Li, Zhuo Sun, Xiang Gao, Hongbin Wang","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2454482","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2454482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-Mouth Disease is a highly contagious transboundary animal disease. FMD has caused a significant economic impact globally due to direct losses and trade restrictions on animals and animal products. This study utilized multi-distance spatial cluster analysis, kernel density analysis, directional distribution analysis to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of historical FMD epidemics. A multi-algorithm ensemble model considering climatic, geographic, and social factors was developed to predict the suitability area for FMDV, and then risk maps of FMD for each species of livestock were generated in combination with the distribution of livestock. The results show that all serotypes of FMD exhibit significant clustering with a clear tendency toward a directional distribution. Serotypes A and O are widespread in Asia, Europe, Africa, and South America. Serotype Asia 1 is prevalent in Asia. Serotype SAT2 is prevalent in Africa and the Middle East, while Serotypes SAT1 and SAT3 are restricted to Africa. Ecological niche modeling reveals temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and vegetation are important factors influencing the occurrence of FMD. Except for buffaloes, the distribution of high-risk areas for FMD occurrence in other livestock species is quite widespread. The areas primarily include the southern region of North America, the northern, southern, and eastern regions of South America, the Mediterranean region, the eastern region of Europe, the central and southern regions of Africa, the central, eastern, and southern regions of Asia, and parts of Australia. These findings will provide valuable insights into the prevention and control of FMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myiasis in European hedgehogs (<i>Erinaceus europaeus</i>).","authors":"Karolin Schütte, Andrea Springer, Florian Brandes, Maximilian Reuschel, Michael Fehr, Christina Strube","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2463328","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2463328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myiasis due to parasitic fly larvae (maggots) can have major consequences for animal health and welfare. The European hedgehog <i>Erinaceus europaeus</i> is frequently presented in rehabilitation centres and veterinary practices due to health problems, including myiasis. In the present study, 557 hedgehogs presented at wildlife rehabilitation centres in Northern Germany during 2018-2021 were examined for the presence of dipteran eggs and larvae. Overall, 15.6% of animals carried fly eggs and/or larvae. Four different dipteran species were identified by PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) region. <i>Lucilia sericata</i> was detected on 25.3% [22/87] of affected hedgehogs, followed by <i>Calliphora vicina</i> (12.6% [11/87]), <i>Lucilia ampullacea</i> (11.5% [10/87]) and <i>Lucilia caesar</i> (9.2% [8/87]). Myiasis prevalence was significantly higher during the summer compared to spring and autumn. Fly eggs were found all over the body, while larvae were detected most frequently in the body's natural orifices and in wounds. Regarding rehabilitation success, myiasis occurred significantly more frequently in animals that died or were euthanized compared to those released back into the wild. Although the high death rate probably arose in combination with underlying disease, this illustrates that myiasis represents a serious health issue that should be diagnosed and treated immediately.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143384015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and microbiological effects of a microencapsulated probiotic consortium on the ruminal microbiota <i>in vivo and in vitro</i> systems.","authors":"Johanna Marcela Urán Velásquez, Mauricio Agudelo Rendón, Mariana Zapata, Wilyer García Arboleda, Sara Echeverri, Juan Camilo Arroyave Manco, Koen Venema, Juan Vasquez","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2547345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2025.2547345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fistulated animals and rumen simulation systems are essential for evaluating the effects of ingredients like probiotics, proposed as sustainable alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics in ruminant nutrition. This study assessed the impact of microencapsulated probiotics on the structure and functionality of an initial ruminal microbial community using <i>in vivo</i> (IVV) and <i>in vitro</i> (IVT) systems. The IVT system was inoculated with rumen fluid obtained from the cattle animal used as IVV system. Over time, both systems were analysed for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, microbial composition and functionality using next-generation sequencing. Physicochemical parameters were consistent across both systems and the inoculum, with an increase in propionate concentration observed. Although the microbial composition of IVV and IVT systems was highly similar (Pearson correlation of 0.869), significant differences in B-diversity were noted (<i>p</i> value = 0.023). The systems also exhibited high similarity in enzymatic profiles (correlation: 0.971) and metabolic pathways (correlation: 0.938), despite differences in functional B-diversity. Both systems showed increased production of fibrolytic enzymes, enhancing feed efficiency. The use of microencapsulated probiotics induced both taxonomic and functional changes in the initial microbial community of the IVT and IVV systems, which can be linked to the zootechnical effects of using probiotics as additives in ruminal animal nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"2547345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of two Sepsityper MALDI-TOF MS methods for bacterial identification in bloodstream infections in dogs, foals, and calves using Bayesian latent class model.","authors":"Donatienne Castelain, Jade Bokma, Mathilde Laetitia Pas, Serge Verbanck, Dominique Paepe, Bart Pardon, Filip Boyen","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2538873","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2538873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate diagnosis of bloodstream infections is crucial for survival and antimicrobial de-escalation in veterinary medicine. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry enables faster identification of bacteria in BSIs. This study aimed to compare diagnostic accuracy of two Sepsityper^® methods (Rapid Sepsityper^® and Sepsityper^® Extraction) with conventional culture method for bacterial identification in clinical samples. Mean time-to-positivity and frequency of bacteria in BSIs were also determined. This diagnostic test study used bloodstream infection samples from 385 critically ill animals (121 dogs, 119 foals, and 145 calves) admitted to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent (October 2021-February 2024). Accuracy was compared using Bayesian latent class model with priors for sensitivity (99.9%) and specificity (96.0%) based on literature, and a prevalence of 26.0%.</p><p><p>Conventional culture method identified 173 bacteria with <i>Escherichia coli</i> (19.1%,33/173), <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (12.1%,21/173) and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (8.1%,14/173) being most common. Sensitivity of Rapid Sepsityper^®, Sepsityper^® Extraction, and conventional culture method was 62.1%, 86.1%, and 97.4%, respectively. Specificity was 94.3%, 90.4% and 92.3%, and accuracy was 85.8%, 89.3%, and 93.6%, respectively. Mean time-to-positivity and ±standard deviation for blood cultures flagging positive was 21h25min ±17.8h. Rapid Sepsityper^® identified bacteria in approximately 30min, while Sepsityper^® Extraction method required around 50min, and conventional culture method needed 12-48h. Altogether, Sepsityper^® Extraction shows promise given the sensitivity and results were delivered more rapidly than conventional culture. Enhancing diagnostic workflow, resulting in a better prognosis, reduced hospital stays, and lower healthcare costs due to more rational use of (critically important) antimicrobials.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"2538873"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perilipin1 mediates milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells through SREBP1 phosphorylation.","authors":"Benshun Yang, Meng Wang, Zhangqing Wu, Jianbing Tan, Yanhong Meng, Taoping Zhang, Linsen Zan, Wucai Yang","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2497915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2025.2497915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the role of Perilipin1 (PLIN1) in milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and its regulatory mechanisms, aiming to provide a foundation for improving milk fat content through molecular breeding. BMECs were used as a model to analyze the effects of PLIN1 overexpression (OE-PLIN1) and interference (si-PLIN1) on milk fat synthesis and lipid-related gene expression using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and Oil Red O staining. Results show that OE-PLIN1 significantly enhances triglyceride (TAG) accumulation in BMECs (P < 0.01), upregulates lipid synthesis-related genes (such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, FABP4, FASN) (P < 0.05), and downregulates the mRNA expression of lipid breakdown-related genes (HSL, ATGL) (P < 0.05). Conversely, si-PLIN1 significantly reduces TAG accumulation (P < 0.05) and lowers the expression of lipid synthesis and breakdown genes (P < 0.05). Additionally, OE-PLIN1 combined with SREBP1 siRNA interference (si-SREBP1) did not have a significant impact on the mRNA and protein levels of SREBP1, but it significantly altered SREBP1's phosphorylation, indicating that SREBP1 interference inhibits PLIN1's effect on milk fat synthesis. This study suggests that PLIN1 promotes milk fat synthesis in BMECs via regulating SREBP1 activity, offering a new strategy for enhancing milk fat content in dairy cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"2497915"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First assessment of the prevalence of <i>Trichinella</i> in backyard-raised pigs in Central-Southern Chile.","authors":"Javiera Guzmán-Faúndez, Vanesa Crisóstomo-Jorquera, Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque, AnaLía Henríquez","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2475986","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2475986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trichinellosis is a significant zoonotic disease worldwide, with pigs as a primary reservoir host of human infection. Backyard pigs are particularly at risk due to their exposure to muscle tissue containing <i>Trichinella</i> larvae from synanthropic micromammals or home slaughter waste. In Chile, veterinary inspections of domestically slaughtered pigs are mainly conducted in veterinary clinics using muscle samples provided by farmers or consumers. While positive cases must be reported to the authorities, negative cases are not, creating a gap in official data on <i>Trichinella</i> prevalence. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of <i>Trichinella</i> sp. in backyard and intensively raised pigs in south-central Chile. Records of 2,608 backyard pigs were obtained from various veterinary clinics in the La Araucanía and Ñuble regions, with a few records from the El Maule and Biobío regions, encompassing a total of 33 communes. The overall prevalence was found to be 0.9% (95% confidence interval: 0.59-1.37). According to the available information, records of more than 50,000 pigs slaughtered in abattoirs per year corresponded to negative results after examination. Previous reports suggest that eradication is challenging; however, the decreasing incidence rate of human infection indicates the possibility of improving control measures for this zoonosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition and diversity of rumen mycobiota in Jiani yaks (<i>Bos grunniens</i> jiani): insights into microbial ecology and functions.","authors":"Yangji Cidan, Jia Wang, Hongzhuang Wang, Chang Xu, Yanbin Zhu, Muhammad Kasib Khan, Wangdui Basang, Kun Li","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2476539","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2476539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore the diversity and functions of rumen mycobiota in 14‑ (PLf) and 15‑rib (DLf) Jiani yaks using ITS sequencing. A total of 1,079,105 and 1,086,799 filtered sequences were obtained for the PLf and DLf groups, respectively, with 491 ASVs common to both. No significant difference regarding the α‑diversity of mycobiota within the two groups was observed. While β‑diversity analysis indicated that the abundance of fifteen (15) genera in the PLf group and two (2) genera in the DLf group was found to be significantly different (p &lt; 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing results indicated that at the phylum level, in 14 ribs yaks Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Olpidiomycota, while in 15 rib yaks, Neocallimastigomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Rozellomycota were found to be significantly different (<i>p < 0.05</i>). At the genus level, <i>Rhodotorula</i>, <i>Kluyveromyces</i>, <i>Comoclathris</i>, <i>Arthrinium</i>, <i>Cladophialophora</i>, <i>Seimatosporium</i>, <i>Lambertella,</i> and <i>Sphacelotheca</i> in 14 rib yaks, and <i>Orpinomyces, Ustilago</i>, <i>Fusarium, Aspergillus, Caecomyces, Alternaria, Trichoderma</i> and <i>Acremonium</i> in 15 rib yaks were found to be significantly (<i>p < 0.05</i>) different. Predictive functional analysis based on ruminal fungal DNA sequences from 15‑rib yaks (DLf) demonstrated that genes involved in energy metabolism were upregulated. This study sheds novel insights into how genetic variations influence gut mycobiota in Jiani yak.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"2476539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cefoxitin inhibits the formation of biofilm involved in antimicrobial resistance MDR <i>Escherichia coli</i>.","authors":"Hailan Ma, Dacheng Liu, Chen Song, Hongliang Fan, Weiguang Zhou, Hongxia Zhao","doi":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2480176","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10495398.2025.2480176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study investigates the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) isolated from calves. Using biochemical and molecular methods, we identified the isolates and assessed their biofilm-forming ability through an improved crystal violet staining method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 antibiotics against the isolates were determined using the broth microdilution method. The impact of cefoxitin on biofilm formation was analyzed using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Additionally, qRT-PCR was employed to evaluate the expression levels of biofilm-related genes (<i>luxS, motA, fliA, pfs, and csgD</i>) in response to varying cefoxitin concentrations. Results indicated a significant correlation between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and biofilm formation ability. Cefoxitin effectively reduced biofilm formation of multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> isolates at 1/2 and 1 MIC, with enhanced inhibition at higher concentrations. The QS-related genes <i>luxS, pfs, motA,</i> and <i>fliA</i> were downregulated, leading to decreased <i>csgD</i> expression. At 1/2 MIC, <i>csgD</i> expression was significantly reduced. In conclusion, cefoxitin inhibits biofilm formation in multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> by down-regulating key genes, offering a potential strategy to mitigate resistance and control infections in calves caused by biofilm-positive <i>E. coli</i> isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":7836,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"2480176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the interplay between <i>Eimeria</i> spp. infection and the host: understanding the dynamics of gut barrier function.","authors":"Pan Chen, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Yanfeng He, Aoyun Li, Fuchun Jian, Longxian Zhang, Shucheng Huang","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2452169","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2452169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coccidiosis is a global disease caused by protozoans, typically including <i>Eimeria</i> spp., which pose a significant threat to the normal growth and development of young animals. Coccidiosis affects mainly the gut, where parasite proliferation occurs. The intestinal barrier, which consists of chemical, mechanical, biological, and immune defences, plays a crucial role in protecting the host against pathogens, xenobiotics, and toxins present in the gastrointestinal tract. When animals ingest sporulated <i>Eimeria</i> spp. oocysts, these parasites primarily reproduce in the intestinal tract, causing damage to the structure and function of the intestine. This disruption of intestinal homeostasis adversely affects animal health. Numerous studies have also revealed that <i>Eimeria</i>-infected animals experience slower bone growth rates, inferior meat quality, reduced egg production and quality, as well as impaired growth and development. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the underlying mechanisms through which <i>Eimeria</i> spp. regulate intestinal damage and disturb the balance of the internal environment. Specifically, this review will focus on their effects on the structural basis of the host intestine's chemical, mechanical, biological and immune barriers. This understanding is crucial for the development of effective drugs to prevent the invasion of <i>Eimeria</i> spp. into the intestine, which is of paramount importance for maintaining host health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of HuDo-CSPG4 DNA electroporation as adjuvant treatment for canine oral malignant melanoma: comparison of two vaccination protocols.","authors":"Mariateresa Camerino, Davide Giacobino, Lidia Tarone, Alfredo Dentini, Marina Martano, Emanuela Morello, Erica Ilaria Ferraris, Luca Manassero, Selina Iussich, Lorella Maniscalco, Federica Cavallo, Federica Riccardo, Paolo Buracco","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2473717","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2025.2473717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is an aggressive, spontaneously occurring tumor carrying a poor to guarded prognosis and relatively limited therapeutic strategies. In this landscape, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)4 represents a promising immunotherapeutic target. The objective of this bi-center prospective study was to examine the clinical outcome of OMM-bearing dogs treated with surgery and adjuvant electroporation using a DNA vaccine (HuDo-CSPG4) encoding both human (Hu) and canine (Do) portions of CSPG4 through two different vaccination protocols. Dogs with stage I-III surgically resected CSPG4-positive OMM underwent HuDo-CSPG4 plasmid electroporation starting at the 3^rd-4^th post-operative week; electrovaccination was repeated after 2 weeks. In protocol 1, electrovaccination was then delivered monthly while in protocol 2, electrovaccination was performed monthly four additional times followed by semestral boosters. The survival rates of HuDo-CSPG4-vaccinated dogs were estimated and compared with a control group treated with surgery alone. Significantly longer overall survival times were observed in HuDo-CSPG4 vaccinated dogs as compared with non-vaccinated controls. Dogs receiving protocol 2 showed similar outcomes to those of dogs undergoing protocol 1, despite fewer vaccinations. The comparable humoral response against CSPG4 resulting from the administration of protocol 1 and 2 appears to have similar clinical relevance, highlighting protocol 2 as the optimal vaccination schedule.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}