Minjun Liu, Yaowen Zhang, Xia Chen, Changbin Guo, Honggang Lai
{"title":"Microbial Contamination Dynamics and Source Tracking in Chinese-Style Pork Meatballs: A Cross-Sectional Industrial Study.","authors":"Minjun Liu, Yaowen Zhang, Xia Chen, Changbin Guo, Honggang Lai","doi":"10.1177/15353141261454998","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141261454998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chinese-style pork meatballs are widely consumed, yet microbial contamination during processing poses risks to food safety and quality. This study investigated bacterial dynamics and potential contamination sources across seven industrial processing stages of Chinese-style pork meatballs. Culture-based enumeration combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a significant decline in total bacterial counts from thawing to cooking (<i>p</i> < 0.05), demonstrating the effectiveness of thermal processing. Total bacterial counts increased to 3.49 ± 0.00 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/g during the packaging stage, indicating the occurrence of postcooking contamination. This may be primarily attributed to inadequate sanitation and poor hand hygiene. Microbial community analysis showed <i>Chryseobacterium</i> and <i>Acinetobacter</i> were predominant throughout the production chain, while <i>Pseudomonas</i> dominated the packaging stage and final products. Listeriaceae and Weeksellaceae were mainly associated with kneading and thawing stages, respectively. Source tracking indicated that most contamination in final products originated from unidentified sources, reflecting the limitation of SourceTracker when only measured analysis constrained by potential sources is included. These findings highlight critical contamination points in pork meatball processing and provide guidance for targeted hygiene management to improve microbial safety in industrial meat production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"886-897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148041678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The economics of <i>Neospora caninum</i> control, using calf serology, in two New Zealand dairy herds.","authors":"C M van Velsen, L J Laven, R A Laven, J F Weston","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2662290","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2662290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the cost-benefit of a control programme that used serological testing of young heifer replacement calves to reduce <i>Neospora caninum</i> seroprevalence in two dairy herds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected between 2016 and 2023 from replacement heifer calf cohorts that were tested at a young age for <i>N. caninum</i> antibodies, on two adjacent Waikato dairy farms with endemic neosporosis. Calf serology (ELISA) results were interpreted using cut-off values adjusted to compensate for the presence of maternal antibodies, to classify calves as seronegative, inconclusive, or seropositive. Serological testing costs to establish the <i>N. caninum</i> status of calves were obtained alongside rearing costs from birth up to the point at which the calves' serostatus was established or, for serologically negative animals, to 24 months of age when replacement heifers are expected to produce their first calf. A formula was developed to calculate a break-even point: when calf testing costs were equal to the financial benefit of not rearing unwanted seropositive replacement heifers. The calculation did not include any potential lifetime costs that could be attributed to abortion or decreased production, but is valid when the farmer's aim is to avoid rearing <i>N. caninum</i> seropositive replacement calves and to eliminate the disease from the herd over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Testing young heifer replacement calves with an <i>N. caninum</i> antibody ELISA to identify congenitally infected calves was of economic benefit when the proportion of seropositive replacement calves was > 2.87%. A sensitivity analysis showed that the cost of heifer rearing had the greatest impact on the break-even point, followed by the cost of the initial test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>As the proportion of <i>N. caninum</i>-infected cows in the herd reduces and the proportion of infected calves drops below 3%, young-calf testing is no longer cost-effective, and targeted testing becomes a more economical alternative. For example, monitoring for vertical transmission if valuable seropositive cows are mated to produce a potential replacement calf and checking for horizontal infection by retesting animals that had seronegative results as young calves. When the herd seroprevalence is low, horizontal infection becomes the main route of infection, and biosecurity should be maintained at a high standard. Consideration should also be given to the limitations of the diagnostic tests that are used for monitoring, as these have been developed for adult cattle that have recently aborted due to <i>N. caninum</i> rather than persistently infected animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"421-430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serovar Distribution, Virulence Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolated from Chicken Meat from the Broiler Slaughterhouse and Processing Plant in Central Thailand.","authors":"Wattana Pelyuntha, David Yembilla Yamik, Haemarat Khongkhai, Rungarun Chasuepue, Wichanan Wannasrichan, Kitiya Vongkamjan","doi":"10.1177/15353141261453452","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141261453452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> species are among the most important foodborne pathogens of public health concern, described by the World Health Organization as high-priority foodborne pathogen causing a wide range of infections. <i>Salmonella</i> harbors numerous virulence genes (VGs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms that contribute to its pathogenicity and resistance to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this cross-sectional surveillance study aimed to assess the prevalence, serovar distribution, VGs, and phenotypic AMR profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from chicken meat collected from broiler slaughterhouses and a processing plant. A total of 859 chicken meat samples (666 from three slaughterhouses and 193 from a processing plant) were collected and analyzed for <i>Salmonella</i>. The pathogen was detected in 188 of 859 samples (21.9%), with multiple serovars identified among the isolates. The prevalence was 10.9% in the processing plant and ranged from 9 to 39% in slaughterhouses. <i>Salmonella</i> Agona (72/188; 38.30%) and <i>Salmonella</i> Molade (18/188; 9.57%) were frequently detected. Among VGs, <i>sitC</i> was the most prevalent, detected in 98.95% of the isolates, while <i>cdtB</i> was the least, found in 12.23% of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion for most antibiotics and broth microdilution for colistin, following CLSI M100 (2021) guidelines. Most strains were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, with resistance rates of 58.4%, 50.0%, 33.5%, 31.9%, and 30.3%, respectively. Colistin showed the lowest resistance rate (7.4%). In contrast, the isolates exhibited high susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (88.8%) and ceftriaxone (86.2%). Overall, multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 45.21% of the isolates. MDR was found across several serovars, especially <i>Salmonella</i> Agona. The high prevalence and diversity of <i>Salmonella</i> and its phenotypic AMR in chicken meat indicate widespread contamination in slaughterhouses and processing plants, underscoring the need for stronger control measures and improved regulation of antimicrobial use in poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"803-810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148014177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan Jordan, Fabian Roa, Amy Santonastaso, Francisco A Uzal, Valentina Stevenson
{"title":"Mammary neuroendocrine tumor in a mare.","authors":"Ryan Jordan, Fabian Roa, Amy Santonastaso, Francisco A Uzal, Valentina Stevenson","doi":"10.1177/10406387261456253","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387261456253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 10-y-old American Paint Horse mare was presented to the Equine Field Services at Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine (Blacksburg, VA, USA) for evaluation of mastitis and a possible abscess in the right mamma. Histologic evaluation of a mammary biopsy revealed a densely cellular, infiltrative neoplasm with cells arranged in packets supported by thin stroma. In a neuroendocrine immunohistochemistry panel, the neoplastic cells did not immunolabel for neuron-specific enolase or synaptophysin, positively immunolabeled for chromogranin A, and had moderate scattered immunolabeling for S100. These findings confirmed a diagnosis of mammary neuroendocrine tumor. Although the cells also did not immunolabel for cytokeratin, we cannot rule out a neuroendocrine carcinoma. Neuroendocrine mammary neoplasms are very rare and, to our knowledge, they have not been reported previously in horses. This neoplasm should be considered as a differential diagnosis for mammary tumors in mares.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1267-1271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastian Alessandro Mignacca, Stefano Bagatella, Vanessa Zambelli, Francesca Spada, Laura Zarucco, Maria Teresa Capucchio
{"title":"Presumptive primary mammary gland squamous cell carcinoma with widespread metastases in a young ewe.","authors":"Sebastian Alessandro Mignacca, Stefano Bagatella, Vanessa Zambelli, Francesca Spada, Laura Zarucco, Maria Teresa Capucchio","doi":"10.1177/10406387261470797","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387261470797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mammary tumors in sheep are exceedingly rare, with all reported cases being benign to noninvasive and slow growing. Here, we describe a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with widespread metastases presumptively arising from the mammary parenchyma in a 3.5-y-old ewe. Following a history of chronic mastitis and severe swelling of the udder, the udder was removed surgically and submitted for examination. Three weeks after surgery, because of poor prognosis, the animal was euthanized and autopsied. The udder had no cutaneous lesions but had parenchymal disorganization and extensive areas of necrosis delimiting large, fluid-filled cavities. Two cord-like masses extended from the mammary gland into the pelvic cavity and subcutis of the right hindlimb. Numerous nodules were observed within the mammary and abdominal lymph nodes, peritoneum, lungs, and heart. Histologically, mammary and extramammary lesions consisted of neoplastic squamous epithelial cells, often surrounding keratinized cores. Neoplastic cells had diffuse cytoplasmic immunolabeling for pancytokeratin, confirming their epithelial lineage. Non-keratinized neoplastic cells were positive for p63 and, infrequently, for cytokeratin 19, suggesting mammary histogenesis. Considering the lack of a primary extramammary mass and the tumoral immunophenotype, a presumptive diagnosis was made of primary mammary SCC with metastasis to multiple organs. The aggressive clinical behavior of this neoplasm contrasts with that of reported ovine mammary neoplasms and cutaneous SCCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1350-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahsan Naveed, Colin Brewer, Liping Xie, Seth Lewin, John Dustin Loy, Duan Sriyotee Loy
{"title":"Genotypic characterization of bovine rotavirus A from diagnostic submissions from 9 U.S. states, 2020-2025.","authors":"Ahsan Naveed, Colin Brewer, Liping Xie, Seth Lewin, John Dustin Loy, Duan Sriyotee Loy","doi":"10.1177/10406387261471139","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387261471139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine rotavirus A is a major cause of neonatal calf diarrhea and can lead to significant economic losses for cattle producers. Studying genotypic diversity among circulating RVA strains is critical to understanding virus epidemiology and to enhancing vaccine development. We identified 1,515 fecal samples from calves with enteric disease. Samples originated from 9 U.S. states and were submitted to the Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center between 2020-2025 for bovine rotavirus A (RVA) testing. Of these 1,515 samples, 540 tested positive by reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), and 76 were genotyped. Among VP7 (G-type) and VP4 (P-type) genes, G6P[5] were most frequent (36 of 76), followed by G10P[11] (12 of 76) and G6P[11] (7 of 76); 15 samples were partially genotyped. Five isolates (3 G8P[1] and 2 G6P[5] strains) were cultured in MA-104 cells and sequenced using long-read nanopore technology. In phylogenetic analysis, all isolates clustered within established bovine RVA genotype lineages and included both closely related strains and distinct sub-lineages. Our descriptive findings indicate that a diverse set of viruses circulates in U.S. cattle, and we offer sequence data for comparison with previously reported strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1308-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interaction of climate and nitrogen fertilizer use on wheat yield and optimization strategies in China","authors":"Guolong Zhang,Wanrui Han,Quanlin Wu,Quansen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.124598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.124598","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"26 1","pages":"124598"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}