农林科学最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of immunopathological changes in the feather pulp of CVI988-vaccinated pullets challenged with a very virulent plus Marek's disease virus strain.","authors":"Federico C Bonorino, Juan Francisco Garcia Marin, Abdelhamid Fares, Nagwa Khaled, Deanna Emmanuel, Raveendra R Kulkarni, Isabel Gimeno","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2472838","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2472838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High load of oncogenic Marek's disease virus (MDV) DNA in the feather pulp (FP) as early as 21 days of age is a powerful criterion to predict the outcome of Marek's disease (MD) in apparently healthy chickens. The objective of this study was to elucidate the immunopathological changes in the FP of 21-day-old chickens that had been vaccinated with CVI988 vaccine (healthy), vaccinated and challenged with a very virulent plus (vv+) MDV strain 648A (well protected), or were unvaccinated and challenged with 648A strain (not protected) when compared to uninfected naïve chickens. Oncogenic MDV DNA load, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the lesions, and immunophenotypic characterization of the infiltrates by flow cytometry were examined. Our results demonstrate that 648A-infected unvaccinated chickens had a significant increase in the percentage of CD3+ T cells, mainly CD4+MHC-II+ cells and CD8+MHC-II+ cells, when compared to all other groups. They also had a significantly decreased number of CD8β+ T cells compared to all other groups. Infection with 648A reduced the percentage of macrophages, not only in the unvaccinated group but also in the CVI988/648A group. In addition, groups that were vaccinated with CVI988, regardless of the challenge status, had higher levels of CD8β+ T cells, suggesting that the vaccine has an enhancing effect on the CTL cells. Our results showed that the load of oncogenic MDV is highly correlated with the infiltration of CD4+MHC-II+ cells and provide further confirmation that FP is indeed an appropriate sample for the early diagnosis of MD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"521-529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CircITSN2-miR-17-5p/20a-5p/20b-5p-<i>PD-L1</i> regulatory network is a potential molecular mechanism of <i>PD-L1</i> gene involving in immune response to IBDV.","authors":"Yi Jiang, Yufei Tian, Jianwei Han, Xiangnan Wang, Rui Zhang, Xinxin Xu, Xiaoli Ma, Wei Zhang, Chaolai Man","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2470754","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2470754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong><i>PD-L1</i> gene is correlated with IBDV immune response in chickens.<i>PD-L1</i> is a key gene regulating the immune functions of the heart, lung, and proventriculus.CircITSN2-miR-17-5p/20a-5p/20b-5p-<i>PD-L1</i> is a potential mechanism in IBDV immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"512-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) on Black-headed Gulls <i>Chroicocephalus ridibundus</i> population in Poland in 2023.","authors":"Piotr Indykiewicz, Marcin Przymencki, Piotr Minias, Dariusz Jakubas, Klaudia Litwiniak, Piotr Zieliński, Tomasz Janiszewski, Radosław Włodarczyk, Mateusz Ledwoń, Jacek Nowakowski, Beata Dulisz, Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz, Edyta Świętoń, Krzysztof Śmietanka, Dariusz Bukaciński, Monika Bukacińska, Arkadiusz Buczyński, Szymon Beuch, Tomasz Chodkiewicz, Jacek Betleja, Szymon Bzoma, Dominik Marchowski, Arkadiusz Sikora, Łukasz Bednarz, Jacek Antczak, Andrzej Dylik, Zbigniew Kajzer, Wiesław Król, Łukasz Krajewski, Sebastian Menderski, Jan Rapczyński, Sławomir Rubacha, Rafał Szczerbik, Jakub Szymczak, Kazimierz Walasz, Przemysław Wylegała","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2467122","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2467122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) A(H5N1) has caused the most extensive and severe epizootic event affecting both poultry and wild birds globally. This study investigated the impact of HPAIV on the breeding population of the Black-headed Gull <i>Chroicocephalus ridibundus</i>, the most abundant gull species in Poland. During the 2023 outbreak, this species was reported as the most frequently infected in the country. A higher-than-natural adult mortality rate (greater than 1.5% of the breeding individuals) was observed in 114 surveyed colonies across all regions of Poland. Laboratory tests confirmed the presence of HPAIV in all 17 colonies sampled, with average adult mortality estimated at 26.1%, and ranging from 1.7% to 77.8%. The estimated mortality rate across all surveyed colonies was 22.2%. Extrapolations across the entire Polish breeding population (at least 115,000 pairs according to the national census) indicated that approximately 51,000 adult Black-headed Gulls might have perished due to HPAIV in 2023. The number of adults found dead was positively correlated with colony size (<i>r</i> = 0.733, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The deaths were associated with a single HPAIV genotype (BB) across all confirmed cases. Understanding the spread and severity of HPAIV in colonially breeding waterbirds, such as gulls, is essential for assessing the full extent of the threats this virus poses to wild bird populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"498-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The host protein CCT8 interacts with PB2 protein of H9N2 AIV and facilitates virus replication.","authors":"Yiqin Cai, Ye Liu, Guihu Yin, Jianing Hu, Zichen Gao, Xinyu Guo, Ruiying Wang, Meng Zhong, Qingtao Liu, Xiuli Feng","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2476511","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2476511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>The host protein CCT8 interacts with the influenza virus protein PB2.The CCT8 gene is upregulated during influenza virus infection.Knockdown of CCT8 inhibits viral proliferation.Elevated expression of CCT8 facilitates viral proliferation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"530-540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological investigation and drug resistance analysis of avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) of Wenchang chickens in Hainan, China.","authors":"Rui Tian, Feng Xie, Xin Wang, Lei Dai, Jinxiu Wang, Yuqing Liu, Chengxin Zhao, Qingxia Li, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2447296","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2447296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Type O8 is the most prevalent serotype of APEC isolated from Wenchang chicken embryos (Hainan, China).The isolates were more than 90% resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline.19.2% of the isolates were multi-resistant to more than 14 antibiotics.APEC of the same serotype isolated from Hainan Wenchang embryos have close relationships in the evolutionary tree of the core genome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"398-410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deletion of <i>ttrA</i> and <i>pduA</i> genes in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovars induce a comparable immune response to wild-type infection in different chicken lineages.","authors":"Túlio Spina de Lima, Mauro de Mesquita Souza Saraiva, Adriana Maria de Almeida, Taisa Santiago Ferreira, Lucas Bocchini Rodrigues Alves, Viviane Amorim Ferreira, Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto, Paul Andrew Barrow, Angelo Berchieri Junior","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2457095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2457095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong><i>ttrA</i> and <i>pduA</i> double mutants in <i>Salmonella</i> provoke a similar immune response.SE elicited more intense immune responses than STM.The immune response in the broiler was more intense than in other lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"464-475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of avian trypanosomes in domestic chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) in Southeast Asia and review of the parasite morphometry in different avian hosts.","authors":"Pornchai Pornpanom, Gediminas Valkiūnas, Surya Paudel","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2462628","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2462628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>The prevalence of trypanosomes in chickens is high.The first report of <i>Trypanosoma avium</i> in chickens with evidence of species identification.The first report of morphological and molecular characteristics of <i>Trypanosoma calmettei</i>.A cheap and quick buffy coat method is helpful for screening trypanosomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"489-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teat and udder morphology and pathology of New Zealand dairy ewes.","authors":"G Chambers, K E Lawrence, A L Ridler, R A Laven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2456240","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2456240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the morphology and prevalence of teat and udder pathology of New Zealand dairy ewes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 commercial New Zealand dairy sheep farms over the 2022-2023 season. Approximately 15 randomly selected ewes were examined on each farm in early, mid, and late lactation. Four udder morphology measures were scored on a 5-point scale: depth (1 = pendulous, 5 = compact udder), suspension (ratio of width at abdominal attachment to height, 1 = low, 5 = high), gland separation (1 = zero, 5 = maximum separation), and teat placement (1 = distally located, vertically oriented, 5 = laterally located, horizontally oriented teats). Teat length and width were measured, and the presence of supernumerary teats, asymmetry, visible teat/udder inflammation, and lesions were recorded. Teats and glands were palpated for consistency, gland-nodules, teat canal thickening, and patency, and teat ends scored for hyperkeratosis. Teat and gland-level pathological variables were converted to ewe-level scores. The presence of involuted, non- or minimally lactating glands was recorded. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across the three visits, 893 observations were made on 882 unique ewes. Mean teat length and width were 27.5 (95% CI = 27.2-27.7) and 15.8 (95% CI = 15.7-15.9) mm. Udder depth, separation, suspension, and teat placement had modal scores of 4, 3, 3, and 3 respectively, and varied across visits and age groups. Asymmetrical udder prevalence was 39% (95% CI = 35.5-42%) overall and increased with age (27% for 1-year-olds, 38% for two-year-olds, 43% for mixed age ewes). Supernumerary teats were observed in 15% (95% CI = 13-17.9%) of ewes. There was between-farm variation in all udder morphology variables. Ewe-level prevalences of teat end hyperkeratosis (any degree of severity), gland/teat inflammation, lesions, palpable defects, and involuted glands were all < 6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Morphological observations resembled those from overseas dairy sheep. Teat dimensions, udder depth, separation, suspension, teat placement, and presence of supernumerary teats varied between farms. Udder depth, separation, and suspension scores decreased with age, while teat placement score and the prevalence of asymmetry increased with age. Teat and udder pathology were rare.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This is the first systematic study of teat and udder morphology and pathology in New Zealand dairy ewes. The data will be useful for farmers and industry partners, providing a comparison with their own flocks, identifying areas for improvement, and informing and contrasting with future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"246-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we estimate herd-level prevalence of lameness in dairy cow herds kept at pasture by sampling part of the herd?","authors":"S Sapkota, R A Laven, K R Müller, D A Yang","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2478599","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2478599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess whether herd-level lameness prevalence can be estimated on New Zealand dairy farms, by scoring the first, middle, or last 100 cows in the milking order. In pasture-based herds, whole herd locomotion scoring requires an assessor outside the milking parlour throughout milking. If sufficiently predictive, sampling a proportion of the herd based on milking order, could reduce the costs and time of welfare assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six pasture-based, spring-calving, dairy farms in the Manawatū region of New Zealand were conveniently selected. Visits occurred at approximately 6-week intervals between October 2021 and May 2022. Cows were scored using the DairyNZ lameness score (0-3). The assessor tallied cows as they left the parlour and recorded the milking order of those with a lameness score ≥ 2. Data were analysed to determine the association between farm, visit and the proportion of lame cows in the first, middle, and last 100 cows, and the agreement between the prevalence of lame cows in those groups and from whole herd scoring.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all visits, 263 lame cows were recorded. Of these, 40.7% were in the last 100, 25.9% in the middle 100, and 14.4% in the first 100. Farm, visit and their interactions with group were all statistically significant (p < 0.001). While, overall, the last 100 cows had the highest proportion of lame cows, this pattern varied across farms and visits, Limits-of-agreement plots showed that as herd prevalence increased, agreement between the prevalence in each sample group and herd prevalence worsened. When herd prevalence exceeded 5%, only the middle 100 sampling group had a limits-of-agreement < 5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Variations across farms and seasons in the proportion of lame cows in each part of the milking order lead to variations in the accuracy of predicting overall lameness from such samples. Based on limits-of-agreement, observing the middle 100 cows is likely to be the most accurate sample, but is still likely to be of limited value on New Zealand dairy farms, especially as a single, one-off measurement.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>On New Zealand dairy farms, locomotion scoring the middle 100 cows in the milking order as part of a welfare assessment would reduce costs and time but would not produce an accurate estimate of whole-herd lameness prevalence. However, it may be useful as a screening tool in herds routinely locomotion scoring throughout the year.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"270-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanics of Dental Implantation in the Giant Panda (<i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i>): A Comparative Study Using Finite Element Analysis.","authors":"Han Long, Huimin Zhang, Linhua Deng, Caiwu Li, Yan Zhu, Shanshan Ling, Desheng Li, Xiaoxiao Zhou, Haifeng Liu, Zhijun Zhong, Guangneng Peng, Chengdong Wang, Ziyao Zhou","doi":"10.1177/08987564241265420","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08987564241265420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant pandas have a high incidence of tooth wear, loss, and fracture since their diet is specifically bamboo. Dental implantation is a common treatment for tooth loss in humans while rarely reported in wild animals. To explore the applicability of dental implantation in giant pandas, this study measured mandible parameters of the giant panda, from an adult skeletal specimen. The mandible bone block model was developed using computer-aided design 3D mechanical drawing software. Implants of different radius and thread types of the third premolar tooth (PM3) were assembled and imported into an analysis software system for finite element analysis. As a result, the reverse buttress implant with a radius of 7.5 mm and 8.3 mm, and a length of 15 mm was found to be the most suitable implant for use in the giant panda PM3. This study provides a reference for appropriate clinical giant panda dental implantation, although, the feasibility of giant panda dental implantation needs to be studied further.</p>","PeriodicalId":17584,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}