农林科学最新文献

{"title":"Exploring soil carbon drivers across natural mangroves, restored mangroves, and tidal flats: Implications for subtropical coastal carbon management","authors":"Minde Huang ,&nbsp;Fen Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Ouyang ,&nbsp;Xueqin Gao ,&nbsp;Zhenchang Zhu ,&nbsp;Xuelan Zeng ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite extensive mangrove restoration efforts globally and evidence highlighting the importance of allochthonous carbon in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, the overall impacts of restoration on SOC storage and its ecological drivers remain unclear. Our study addresses these gaps by analyzing SOC dynamics and their drivers across multiple soil depths in natural mangroves, restored mangroves, and tidal flats within subtropical coastal ecosystems. Our results showed that natural mangroves had the highest SOC levels, particularly in surface soils, confirming their higher carbon sequestration potential. Restored mangroves exhibited incomplete SOC recovery, with levels closer to tidal flats than to natural mangroves. Tidal flats displayed minimal SOC storage, with little variation across soil depths. Surface soils were identified as the primary carbon storage zone in all ecosystems. Distinct drivers of SOC were identified for three different types of ecosystems: species composition, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and salinity in natural mangroves; species composition and TN in restored mangroves; and TN and TP in tidal flats. Our findings underscore the need for nutrient and salinity management in mangrove restoration and the inclusion of tidal flats in regional carbon strategies, offering valuable insights for advancing restoration practices and achieving global carbon neutrality goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 108875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D MOF@Fe₃O₄@rGO as magnetic solid-phase extraction and supercritical fluids chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification of strigolactones stereoisomers in rice","authors":"Xunzhi Deng, Qinyao Li, Jing Lu, Yilin Liu, Haiou Li, Ze Liao, Gang Huang, Langtao Xiao, Zhoufei Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143667","url":null,"abstract":"Strigolactones (SLs) are novel plant hormones that play crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development. The stereoisomers of SLs often exhibit distinct biological activities, making their chiral separation and analysis essential for understanding their regulatory roles in plant branching. This study focused on the chiral separation and characterization of SL stereoisomers, including GR24 (synthetic) and strigol (natural). A magnetic nanocomposite (Ni₃(HITP)₂@Fe₃O₄@rGO) was synthesized for SL extraction, combined with SFC-MS/MS for precise separation and quantification. The method exhibited excellent linearity (0.2–50 ng/mL), minimal matrix effects (1.64–2.17 %), and low detection limits (1.93–3.76 pg/mL). Recoveries ranged from 86.90 % to 106.37 % with RSDs of 2.56 %–13.54 %. Under nitrogen and phosphorus stress, only (+)-strigol was detected in the roots of <em>Oryza sativa L.</em>, suggesting its regulatory role under stress conditions. This reliable method provides robust support for exploring the physiological roles of SL stereoisomers in plants, shedding light on their functions in stress response and development.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Profiling of Phytohormones, Metabolomics, and Transcriptomics Reveals Key Regulators of Cold Tolerance in Cucumber Leaves","authors":"Shijun Sun,&nbsp;Shuiyuan Hao,&nbsp;Ye Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoni Gao,&nbsp;Tianlei Mu,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Yusong Luo,&nbsp;Zhengnan Li","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A low-temperature condition in a root zone is a major abiotic stress that threatens cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus L.</i>) growth and development, yet the molecular mechanism by which the leaf reacts to root zone chilling stress remains largely unknown. In this study, we applied three temperature treatments, including room temperature (20°C–22°C), suboptimal temperature (13°C–15°C), and low temperature (8°C–10°C), to investigate how root zone chilling affects hormone dynamics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics in the leaves of the cucumber variety “Jinyou 35”, the main cultivar in northwest and southwest China. Through integrative physiological and biochemical analysis, auxin emerges as the most significant accumulated hormone, accounting for 88% in room temperature-treated leaves (RL), 99% in suboptimal temperature-treated leaves (SL), and 94% in low-temperature-treated leaves (LL). Under chilling stress, flavanones were the most abundant metabolite in cucumber leaves, constituting over 50% of total metabolites, while phenolic acids showed a marked decrease. Several differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs), such as <i>LOB</i> (<i>CsaV3_3G020650</i>), <i>MYB</i> (<i>CsaV3_3G043510</i>), and <i>bHLH</i> (<i>CsaV3_2G005070</i> and <i>CsaV3_4G029740</i>), were upregulated in SL and LL, potentially enhancing cucumber's defense against chilling injury. Additionally, terminal flower formation was observed under suboptimal and low-temperature conditions, with <i>CsFT</i> expression in SL and LL lower than in RL, and a significant negative correlation observed between <i>CsFT</i> and <i>CsNAC6</i>. These findings deepen our understanding of cucumber's resilience mechanisms to root zone chilling stress, shedding light on its cold tolerance strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrology and atmospheric CO2 consumption by chemical weathering in a Mediterranean watershed","authors":"Marco Donnini ,&nbsp;Augusto Benigni ,&nbsp;Marco Dionigi ,&nbsp;Christian Massari ,&nbsp;David Cappelletti ,&nbsp;Roberta Selvaggi ,&nbsp;Maximiliano Fastelli ,&nbsp;Enrico Scricciolo ,&nbsp;Corrado Cencetti ,&nbsp;Ivan Marchesini","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.108868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical weathering of carbonates and silicates is an important sink of carbon as it consumes atmospheric CO₂ increasing river dissolved load. While both carbonate and silicate weathering contribute to short-term CO₂ uptake, only silicate weathering drives long-term CO₂ consumption.</div><div>The influence of lithologies with a non-dominant carbonate component on atmospheric CO₂ consumption has been explored in the literature. However, further research is needed to quantify the contribution of carbonate minerals within silicate rocks to weathering rates in comparison to those of pure carbonate rocks. Furthermore, the interactions that hydrological (e.g. streamflow variation) and geomorphological (e.g. erosion) processes have with chemical weathering remain controversial.</div><div>We measured at different streamflow conditions the dissolved and suspended loads (proxies of chemical weathering and erosion) in the Niccone watershed (Central Italy) composed mainly of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. The dissolved load was estimated by measuring stream water alkalinity and electrical conductivity, and the suspended load was measured by using the DH-59 sediment sampler. The aim of this work is to investigate and quantify how the small percentages of carbonate minerals, included in the mixed sedimentary rocks (i.e. non-pure carbonate) outcropping in the Niccone watershed, influence the atmospheric CO₂ consumption rates over short timescales and to evaluate the influence of hydrological and geomorphological factors, such as runoff and erosion, on these rates. To achieve this, we also estimated the percentage of carbonate minerals present in the outcropping rocks within the stream watershed.</div><div>We found a chemostatic behavior in the ionic concentration, with much less variation compared to the flow rate. Chemical weathering and erosion exhibit a linear scaling at lower erosion rates given the relatively larger quantity of material for reactions exposed by erosion. At higher erosion rates, a gradual increase in weathering products is observed, as minerals are provided in excess relative to the rate at which they undergo reactions. We also estimated the variation with runoff of the atmospheric CO₂ consumed by chemical weathering.</div><div>Data enabled us to quantify a non-negligible carbonate component (less than 20%) in the Niccone watershed, significant from a CO₂ consumption perspective, despite siliciclastic rocks predominating across most of the study area. This finding may challenge some large-scale estimates of atmospheric CO₂ consumption based solely on lithological information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 108868"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean shrub assemblage of holm oak forests (Quercus ilex L.) is driven by aridity and soil texture rather than forest biomass","authors":"Pablo Salazar Zarzosa ,&nbsp;Aurelio D. Herraiz ,&nbsp;Manuel Olmo ,&nbsp;Paloma Ruiz-Benito ,&nbsp;Vidal Barrón ,&nbsp;Cristina C. Bastias ,&nbsp;Enrique G. de la Riva ,&nbsp;Jose Luis Quero ,&nbsp;Rafael Villar","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understory vegetation represents a large part of forest biodiversity and plays an important role in forest structure and functioning. However, little is known about how it is shaped by environmental gradients and overstory biomass. In this study, we analyse the changes in the taxonomic and functional composition of the understory communities in <em>Quercus ilex</em> L. forests underlined by changes in forest biomass, soil and climate. To do so, we used ordination techniques and a hierarchical model of species composition (HMSC) across a large aridity gradient in the Iberian Peninsula. Aridity and soil clay content were the main factors responsible for the differences in taxonomic composition, with a lowest importance but significant role of soil fertility. Increasing aridity led to higher leaf mass per area at species level for the present shrubs. However, increased leaf mass per area had no effect at community level because highly sensitive species to aridity were relatively rare. We evidence a turnover in <em>Quercus ilex</em> forests along the studied aridity gradient, both taxonomic and functional, reflecting shrub species selection and adaptation to environmental conditions which agree with the potential compositional changes required to deal with a warmer and drier climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 122586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized length and application rate of chopped straw for alfalfa production in ridge-furrow rainwater-harvesting in semi-arid regions in China","authors":"Xiaole Zhao ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Abdul Qadeer ,&nbsp;Yuanwei Sun ,&nbsp;Rizwan Azim ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Awuku ,&nbsp;Farzaneh Masoumkhani ,&nbsp;Wen Ma ,&nbsp;Qinglin Liu ,&nbsp;Xunzhen Cui ,&nbsp;Haixia Dong ,&nbsp;Xuchun Li ,&nbsp;Bing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water scarcity poses a significant challenge for alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L) cultivation in semi-arid regions in China. The conventional use of ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting (RFRH) with plastic film mulching in these areas has led to notable environmental repercussions. This study proposed an innovative approach in which RFRH was integrated with chopped straw-soil crust instead of plastic film. Runoff observations and alfalfa production experiments were carried out using a split-plot design to investigate the impact of varying chopped straw lengths (2 cm and 10 cm) and application rates (0 (R₀), 3 (R₃), 6 (R₆), and 9 (R₉) t ha⁻¹) on runoff coefficient, soil water storage, temperature, fodder yield, and crop water productivity (WP_C). Results indicated that the average runoff coefficient for R₀, R₃, R₆, and R₉ was 0.36–0.49, 0.41–0.59, 0.50–0.68, and 0.64–0.74, respectively. Compared to R₀, the increase in soil water storage for R₃, R₆, and R₉ was 7.1–15.1, 15.0–26.5, and 20.1–44.2 mm, respectively. The reduction in temperature within the furrow profile for those treatments was 0.4–1.0°C, 0.8–1.3°C, and 1.1–2.0°C, respectively. The increase in fodder yield for those treatments ranged from 11.3 % to 34.0 %, 31.2 %-62.9 %, and 7.9 %-47.7 %, respectively, while the enhancement in WP_C was 1.3–14.8, 5.1–27.9, and 2.0–20.7 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹. Notably, the average values for runoff coefficient, soil water storage, fodder yield, and WP_C under 10 cm length of chopped straw were 1.03–1.31, 1.02–1.03, 1.02–1.05, and 1.03–1.08 times greater than under 2 cm length of chopped straw. Runoff coefficient, soil water storage, fodder yield, and WP_C increased as chopped straw application rate and length increased. The structural equation modelling analysis showed that the chopped straw application rate had a significant direct positive effect on fodder yield and WP_C, whereas the chopped straw length had a significant indirect negative effect on those parameters. The regression equation indicated that the optimized chopped straw application rate ranged from 5.2 to 7.1 t ha⁻¹, while the optimized chopped straw length was 10 cm. This study underscored that chopped straw-soil crust was a sustainable alternative to plastic film mulching, offering valuable insights for improving alfalfa cultivation in water-scarce environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 109393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing potato leaf protein content, carbon-based constituents, and leaf area index monitoring using radiative transfer model and deep learning","authors":"Haikuan Feng ,&nbsp;Yiguang Fan ,&nbsp;Jibo Yue ,&nbsp;Yanpeng Ma ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Riqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Fu ,&nbsp;Xiuliang Jin ,&nbsp;Mingbo Bian ,&nbsp;Jiejie Fan ,&nbsp;Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Mengdie Leng ,&nbsp;Guijun Yang ,&nbsp;Chunjiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2025.127580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eja.2025.127580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate determination of potato leaf protein content (Cp), carbon-based constituents (CBC), and leaf area index (LAI) are crucial for precise monitoring of potato growth. Dynamic monitoring of leaf Cp, CBC, and LAI can provide valuable insights for agricultural management, such as analyzing the impact of environment stress factors on potato growth throughout its lifecycle. Currently, the most commonly used method for estimating crop parameters is the vegetation spectral feature-statistical regression approach. However, leaf Cp and CBC estimation are greatly influenced by water absorptions, as they exhibited overlapping spectral features in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region. Consequently, the accuracy of protein estimation using traditional vegetation spectral feature-statistical regression methods is limited. This study aims to propose a comprehensive approach called PCPNet (Potato Canopy and Leaf Parameter Network), which could jointly estimate potato canopy and leaf parameters including Cp, CBC, and LAI. The performance of the PCPNet was compared with traditional spectral feature-statistical regression methods in estimating Cp, CBC and LAI. A simulated dataset for pre-training was generated using the PROSPECT-PRO and SAIL radiative transfer models to represent various complex scenarios encountered in real-world potato cultivation practices. The designed PCPNet was initially pre-trained based on this simulated dataset and then re-trained using ground-based measurements from five potato growing seasons across two distinct regions in China through transfer learning techniques. The validation of potato canopy and leaf parameters was conducted based on the estimations provided by the PCPNet model, while assessing their accuracy. This study yields the following results: (1) The PCPNet-based deep learning model demonstrated markedly superior accuracy in estimating potato Cp, CBC, and LAI compared to traditional machine learning models. (2) The deep learning model pretrained with transfer learning exhibited greater estimation accuracy than the deep learning model trained from scratch. In future research, experiments should be conducted across multiple regions and crops to verify both accuracy and generalizability of this approach in remote sensing of leaf Cp, CBC, and LAI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 127580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminal-buccal microbiota transmission and their diagnostic roles in subacute rumen acidosis in dairy goats","authors":"Tao Liu, Jingyi Xu, Xiaodong Chen, Jianrong Ren, Jinhui He, Yue Wang, Yangchun Cao, Le Luo Guan, Junhu Yao, Shengru Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01162-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01162-4","url":null,"abstract":"Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disorder in ruminants that disrupts the rumen microbiome and animal health, but diagnosis is challenging due to subtle symptoms and invasive testing requirements. This study explores the potential of the buccal (oral) microbiome as a diagnostic indicator for SARA, hypothesizing an interaction with the rumen microbiome. The study involved 47 dairy goats, including 11 on a control diet and 36 on high-concentrate diets with increasing rumen-degradable starch. Animals were grouped based on dietary exposure and ruminal pH: Control, Low-RDS Tolerance/SARA (LRDST/LRDSS), and High-RDS Tolerance/SARA (HRDST/HRDSS). Transcriptomics of rumen epithelium showed heightened inflammatory pathway gene expression in SARA-susceptible goats compared to controls and tolerant groups. Alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria showed lower Shannon diversity in HRDSS goats compared to HRDST whereas buccal bacteria displayed significantly lower Chao1 diversity in LRDSS goats compared to HRDST. Beta diversity analyses revealed distinct patterns between SARA-affected goats and healthy controls in both ruminal and buccal microbiomes. Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 emerged as a candidate biomarker, with reduced abundance in SARA-susceptible goats in both rumen and buccal samples. Machine learning classifiers achieved high accuracy in distinguishing SARA-susceptible goats using this genus (rumen AUC = 0.807; buccal AUC = 0.779). Source tracking analysis illustrated diminished cross-population of bacteria from the buccal to rumen (2.86% to 0.25%) and vice versa (8.59% to 1.17%), signifying compromised microbial interchange in SARA-affected goats. A microbiota transplant experiment verified SARA microbiota's ability to induce pH decline, escalate inflammation-related gene expression (MAPK10, IL17B, FOSB, SPP1), disrupt microbial transfer, and reduce Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in recipients. Our findings highlight SARA’s dual impact on ruminal and buccal microbiota, exacerbating epithelial inflammation gene expression. Shifts in the buccal microbiome, specifically reductions in Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, mirror ruminal changes and can be influenced by inter-compartmental bacterial transmission, thereby offering a non-invasive diagnostic approach for SARA.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Traditional Gum Exudate From Pistacia atlantica Ameliorates Etha-Nol-Mediated Gastric Ulcer in Rats: Possible Molecular Mechanisms","authors":"Talal Salem Al-Qaisi,&nbsp;Ahmed A. J. Jabbar,&nbsp;Mohammed M. Hussein M. Raouf,&nbsp;Najat Jabbar Ahmed Berwary,&nbsp;Qosay Al-Balas,&nbsp;Parween Abdul-Samad Ismail,&nbsp;Muzhda Haydar Saber,&nbsp;Ramzi A. Mothana,&nbsp;Abdullah R. Alanzi,&nbsp;Mahmood Ameen Abdulla,&nbsp;Rawaz Rizgar Hassan,&nbsp;Musher Ismael Saleh,&nbsp;Sidgi Hasson","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Pistacia atlantica</i> (Bene) is a native Mediterranean plant that exudates a resinous therapeutic oleoresin gum used for many inflammatory-related diseases. Therefore, the present study evaluates the acute toxicity and the gastroprotective effects of <i>Pistacia atlantica</i> gum (PAG) on ethanol-mediated gastric ulcers in rats. Sprague Dawley rats (30) were placed in 5 cages: Group A received 10% tween 20; Group B, ulcer control, received 10% tween 20; reference rats (C, received 20 mg/kg omeprazole), groups D and E received 250 and 500 mg/kg of PAG, respectively. After 60 min, Groups B–E rats received absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg). The acute toxicity results showed a lack of any physiological alterations in rats supplemented with up to 5 g/kg of PAG. In the gastroprotective trial, the ulcer controls exhibited extensive gastric mucosal injuries, reduced stomach mucus secretion, a highly acidic stomach, and increased lesion areas. Ethanol ingestion caused significant inflammatory cell infiltration and oxidative stress indicators in their gastric tissues. The ulcer controls revealed reduced HSP 70, elevated Bax protein expressions, and lowered antioxidant enzymes and up-regulated MDA contents. PAG treatment restored these negative effects of ethanol, which could be because of its terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids potentials that positively modulated the gastric defense barriers (mucopolysaccharides), gastric antioxidants, mucus secretion, and significantly increased gastric pH and reduced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). The gastro-prophylactic potentials are validated by its modulatory actions of gastric defense mechanisms, providing scientific evidence for future biochemical characterizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ohmic Tempering of Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) Blocks: Electrical Conductivity Determination and Computer Simulation Approach","authors":"Chancong Jiang,&nbsp;Yvan Llave,&nbsp;Mika Fukuoka","doi":"10.1111/jfpe.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antarctic krills are rapidly frozen onboard into blocks, and therefore, developing technologies that can enable rapid and uniform semi-thawing and tempering to prevent enzymatic reactions is essential to enhance their quality and commercial value. We evaluate the application of ohmic tempering (OT) in this study. Experimental blocks (4 × 4 × 4 cm³) are processed under OT at 20 kHz and several constant and variable voltages from −30 C to −5°C. Electrical conductivities of the Antarctic krill block and the block's solution are determined in temperature and frequency ranges of −30 C–0°C and 50 Hz to 200 kHz. Better temperature uniformity and reduced OT time are obtained by fine-tuning the voltage in four steps from 400 to 50 V based on the electrical conductivity (EC) changes to avoid overheating. Compared to conventional tempering methods (air, running water, and low temperature (inside a refrigerator)), OT results in a faster and optimal method. A three-dimensional heat transfer model for OT is established using COMSOL Multiphysics to explore the OT uniformity of the Antarctic krill block. The simulated temperature profiles are successfully validated using the measured values, confirming good temperature uniformity. Moreover, the simulation revealed hot and cold spots at different positions. At the endpoint of tempering (545 s), the temperature difference between the two spots was 1.364°C using the fine-tuning method. These results are relevant to the design of novel OT systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Process Engineering","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}